【数据库】Redis(2)--Redis的常用数据类型及命令

.0.1:6379> set key1 v1 # 设置值 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get key1 # 获取值 "v1" 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * # 获取所有的值 1) "key1" 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS key1 # 判断key1是否存在 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND key1 "hello" # 向key1中追加"hello"，如果Key1不存在，那就相当于set key1 (integer) 7 127.0.0.1:6379> get key1 "v1hello" 127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN key1 #获取字符串的长度 (integer) 7 127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND key1 ", fengye" (integer) 15 127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN key1 (integer) 15 127.0.0.1:6379> get key1 "v1hello, fengye"

②自增/减、步长（浏览量、点击数）：

# +1/-1与+n/-n
127.0.0.1:6379> set views 0
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"0"
127.0.0.1:6379> incr views  # 自增+1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> incr views
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> decr views  # 自减-1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> decr views
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> decr views
(integer) -1
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"-1"
127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY views 10  # 增加 n
(integer) 9
127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY views 10
(integer) 19
127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY views 5   # 减少 n
(integer) 14

③字符串截取：

127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 "hello, fengye"
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1
"hello, fengye"
127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE key1 0 4    # 截取闭区间 [0, 4]的字符串
"hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE key1 0 -1   # 截取全部的字符串，和get key1同理
"hello, fengye"

④替换：

127.0.0.1:6379> set key2 abcddefg
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get key2
"abcddefg"
127.0.0.1:6379> SETRANGE key2 2 XXX   #  替换指定位置开始的字符串
(integer) 8
127.0.0.1:6379> get key2
"abXXXefg"

⑤setex(set with expire)与setnx(set if not exist)：

#setex ：设置过期时间
#setnx ：不存在当前key才会设置值，在分布式锁中常常使用
127.0.0.1:6379> setex key3 30 "hello"   # 设置过期时间为30s，30s后过期
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl key3
(integer) 21
127.0.0.1:6379> get key3
"hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx mykey "redis"   #设置mykey的值为redis，当mykey不存在时设置成功
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "key1"
2) "key2"
3) "mykey"
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl key3
(integer) -2
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx mykey "mongoDb"   #当mykey已经存在了，设置mykey会失败
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> get mykey
"redis"

⑥同时设置多个值mset/mget/msetnx：

127.0.0.1:6379> mset k1 v1 k2 v2 k3 v3    #同时设置多个值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "k3"
2) "k2"
3) "k1"
127.0.0.1:6379> mget k1 k2 k3    #同时获取多个值
1) "v1"
2) "v2"
3) "v3"
127.0.0.1:6379> msetnx k1 y1 k4 v4   #同时获取多个值，msetnx是一个原子性操作，要么一起成功，要么一起失败
(integer) 0 

127.0.0.1:6379> get k4 
(nil)

⑦设置对象的值：

127.0.0.1:6379> set user:2 {name:lisi,age:3}   # 使用json字符串来保存user的值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get user:2
"{name:lisi,age:3}"
127.0.0.1:6379> mset user:1:name zhangsan user:1:age 2   # 使用user:1:name与user1:1:age来保存值，user:{id}:{field}作为key来保存值
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> mget user:1:name user:1:age
1) "zhangsan"
2) "2"

⑧getset（先获取后设置）：

127.0.0.1:6379> getset db redis  #如果不存在值，则返回nil，并设置初始值
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> get db
"redis"
127.0.0.1:6379> getset db mongodb  #如果存在值，则返回那个值，并设置新的值
"redis"
127.0.0.1:6379> get db
"mongodb"

 

1.2.List类型

①lpush/rpush/lrange（压栈）：

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list one   # 将一个或多个值放到列表的头部（左push）
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list two
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list three
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list 0 1
1) "three"
2) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list four    # 将一个或多个值放到列表的尾部（右push）
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
4) "four"

②lpop/rpop：

127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP list  # 左移除列表中的一个元素
"three"
127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP list  # 右移除列表中的一个元素
"four"
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "two"
2) "one"

③lindex（list index的简写）:

127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list 1  # 通过下标获得list中的某一个值
"one"
127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list 0
"two"

④llen：

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list two
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list three
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> Llen list  # 返回列表的长度
(integer) 3

⑤Lrem：

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "three"
3) "two"
4) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrem list 1 one   # 移除list集合中指定个数的元素，精确匹配个数并移除
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "three"
3) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrem list 1 three
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list three
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> lrem list 2 three
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list 0 -1
1) "two"

⑥Lrem：

127.0.0.1:6379> Rpush mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> Rpush mylist "hello1"
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> Rpush mylist "hello2"
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> Rpush mylist "hello3"
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> Ltrim mylist 1 2   # 通过下标截取指定的长度，截取之后List会被改变，只剩下截取后的元素
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list 0 -1
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE mylist 0 -1
1) "hello1"
2) "hello2"

⑦rpoplpush：

127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello1"
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello2"
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> rpoplpush mylist myotherlist  #右弹栈，移除列表中最后一个元素并放入新的列表元素中
"hello2"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "hello1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange myotherlist 0 -1
1) "hello2"

⑧lset：

lset：将列表中指定下标的一个元素替换成另外一个元素，更新操作

127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS list
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> lset list 0 item   #判断列表是否存在，如果不存在的话，当前更新会报错
(error) ERR no such key
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list value1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list 0 0
1) "value1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lset list 0 item   #如果列表已经存在元素，可以更新当前列表中的元素
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list 0 0
1) "item"
127.0.0.1:6379> lset list 1 other   #如果更新范围超出限制，也会抛出异常
(error) ERR index out of range

⑨Linsert：

Linsert将某一个具体的value插入到列表中的某个元素的前面或者后面

127.0.0.1:6379> Rpush mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> Rpush mylist "world"
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT mylist before "world" "other"
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "other"
3) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT mylist after "world" "new"
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "other"
3) "world"
4) "new"

 

1.3.Set类型

redis中Set集合中的元素是不能重复的。

①sadd/smembers/sismember/scard

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset "hello"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset "fengye"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset "love fengye"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset  #查看myset中所有的值
1) "fengye"
2) "love fengye"
3) "hello"127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER myset hello  #判断某一个值是不是在set集合中
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER myset world
(integer) 0

  127.0.0.1:6379> scard myset  #获取set集合中内容元素的个数
  (integer) 4

②srem

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset
1) "fengye"
2) "lovekuangshen2"
3) "love fengye"
4) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> srem myset lovekuangshen2   #移除某一个元素
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset
1) "fengye"
2) "love fengye"
3) "hello"

③srandmember

127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset
"hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset
"love fengye"
127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset
"fengye"
127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset 2  #随机抽选出指定个数的元素
1) "hello"
2) "love fengye"

④spop

127.0.0.1:6379> spop myset  #随机删除集合中的一些元素
"fengye"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop myset
"love fengye"
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset
1) "hello"

⑤smove

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset "hello"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset "world"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset "fengye"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset2 "set2"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smove myset myset2 "fengye"  #将指定的元素从一个set移动到另一个set集合中
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset
1) "world"
2) "hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS myset2
1) "fengye"
2) "set2"

⑥sdiff/sinter/sunion

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key1 a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key1 b
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key1 c
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key2 c
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key2 d
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key2 e
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF key1 key2   # 差集
1) "a"
2) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER key1 key2  # 交集
1) "c"
127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION key1 key2  # 并集
1) "a"
2) "b"
3) "c"
4) "d"
5) "e"

 

1.4.Hash

①hset/hget/hmget/hgetall：

127.0.0.1:6379> hset myhash field1 fengye  # hset一个具体的key-value
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hget myhash field1
"fengye"
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset myhash field1 hello field2 world    #set多个key value
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget myhash field1 field2    #获取多个字段值
1) "hello"
2) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall myhash  #获取全部的数据
1) "field1"
2) "hello"
3) "field2"
4) "world"

#使用hash存取对象数据

127.0.0.1:6379> hmset myhash username zhangsan sex ‘男‘ age 24
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL myhash
1) "field2"
2) "world"
3) "field1"
4) "hello"
5) "field3"
6) "5"
7) "filed3"
8) "1"
9) "field4"
10) "hello"
11) "username"
12) "zhangsan"
13) "sex"
14) "\xe7\x94\xb7"
15) "age"
16) "24"

②hdel：

127.0.0.1:6379> hdel myhash field1  #删除hash中指定的key字段，对应的value值也就没有了
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379>
                        

                            

                                
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