centos6.5下postgresql9.4.3安装与配置

PostgreSQL 是一种非常复杂的对象-关系型数据库管理系统（ORDBMS），也是目前功能最强大，特性最丰富和最复杂的自由软件数据库系统。有些特性甚至连商业数据库都不具备。这个起源于伯克利（BSD）的数据库研究计划目前已经衍生成一项国际开发项目，并且有非常广泛的用户。

二、系统环境

系统平台：CentOS release 6.5 (Final)

PostgreSQL 版本：PostgreSQL 9.4.3

防火墙已关闭/iptables: Firewall is not running.

SELINUX=disabled

三、源码安装

1. 下载PostgreSQL 源码包

# wget http://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.4.3/postgresql-9.4.3.tar.bz2

2. 解压源码包

# tar xjf postgresql-9.4.3.tar.bz2

3. 进入解压后的目录

# cd postgresql-9.4.3

4.安装依赖包

yum -y install gcc*

yum -y install readline-devel

5.增加用户设置密码

[root@postgresql ~]# adduser postgres

[root@postgresql ~]# passwd postgres

Changing password for user postgres.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic

BAD PASSWORD: is too simple

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

6.开始编译安装PostgreSQL 数据库。

 [root@postgresql ~]# cd postgresql-9.4.3

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# ./configure --prefix=/home/postgres/pgsql

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# gmake

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# gmake install

7.设置环境变量

[root@postgresql ~]# cd /home/postgres/

[root@postgresql postgres]# ls

pgsql

[root@postgresql postgres]# vi .bash_profile

把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin

保存退出。

让环境变量生效：

在设置

[root@postgresql ~]# vi .bash_profile

把 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

改成 PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/home/postgres/pgsql/bin

保存退出。

让环境变量生效：

[root@postgresql ~]# source .bash_profile

8.初始化数据库

8.1新建数据目录

[root@postgresql ~]# mkdir /home/postgres/pgsql/data

8.2更改权限

[root@postgresql ~]# chown postgres:postgres /home/postgres/pgsql/data

8.3切换到postgres用户

[root@postgresql ~]# su - postgres

8.4 init db

[postgres@postgresql ~]$ /home/postgres/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /home/postgres/pgsql/data

到这里数据的初始化就完成

9.系统服务

9.1回到root用户

[postgres@postgresql ~]$ exit

9.2复制安装目录下的linux文件到/etc/init.d/

进入postgresql 的安装目录（即刚刚使用tar命令解压的目录）

[root@postgresql ~]# cd postgresql-9.4.3

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# cp contrib/start-scripts/linux /etc/init.d/postgresql

9.3修改/etc/init.d/postgresql  注意：红色是修改部分

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# vi /etc/init.d/postgresql

#! /bin/sh

# chkconfig: 2345 98 02

# description: PostgreSQL RDBMS

# This is an example of a start/stop script for SysV-style init, such

# as is used on Linux systems.  You should edit some of the variables

# and maybe the ‘echo‘ commands.

#

# Place this file at /etc/init.d/postgresql (or

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql) and make symlinks to

#   /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K02postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K02postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K02postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S98postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S98postgresql

#   /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgresql

# Or, if you have chkconfig, simply:

# chkconfig --add postgresql

#

# Proper init scripts on Linux systems normally require setting lock

# and pid files under /var/run as well as reacting to network

# settings, so you should treat this with care.

# Original author:  Ryan Kirkpatrick <pgsql@rkirkpat.net>

# contrib/start-scripts/linux

## EDIT FROM HERE

# Installation prefix

prefix=/home/postgres /pgsql

# Data directory

PGDATA="/home/postgres/pgsql/data"

# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres".  (NOT "root")

PGUSER=postgres

# Where to keep a log file

PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"

# It‘s often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the

# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because

# of the way it accounts for shared memory).  Setting the OOM_SCORE_ADJ value

# to -1000 will disable OOM kill altogether.  If you enable this, you probably

# want to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0", so that

# individual backends can still be killed by the OOM killer.

#OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-1000

# Older Linux kernels may not have /proc/self/oom_score_adj, but instead

# /proc/self/oom_adj, which works similarly except the disable value is -17.

# For such a system, enable this and compile with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0".

#OOM_ADJ=-17

## STOP EDITING HERE

# The path that is to be used for the script

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

# What to use to start up the postmaster.  (If you want the script to wait

# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.

# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)

DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"

# What to use to shut down the postmaster

PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"

set -e

# Only start if we can find the postmaster.

test -x $DAEMON ||

{

        echo "$DAEMON not found"

        if [ "$1" = "stop" ]

        then exit 0

        else exit 5

        fi

}

# Parse command line parameters.

case $1 in

  start)

        echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "

        test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj

        test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj

        su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D ‘$PGDATA‘ &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1

        echo "ok"

        ;;

  stop)

        echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D ‘$PGDATA‘ -s -m fast"

        echo "ok"

        ;;

  restart)

        echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D ‘$PGDATA‘ -s -m fast -w"

        test x"$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_score_adj

        test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj

        su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D ‘$PGDATA‘ &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1

        echo "ok"

        ;;

  reload)

        echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D ‘$PGDATA‘ -s"

        echo "ok"

        ;;

status)

        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D ‘$PGDATA‘"

        ;;

  *)

        # Print help

        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2

        exit 1

        ;;

esac

exit 0

9.4添加执行权限

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/postgresql

9.5启动数据库

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# /etc/init.d/postgresql start

Starting PostgreSQL: ok

9.6让数据库开机启动

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# chkconfig --add postgresql

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# chkconfig postgresql on

9.7创建数据库操作历史记录文件

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# touch /home/postgres/pgsql/.pgsql_history

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# chown postgres:postgres /home/postgres/pgsql/.pgsql_history

10.测试使用

[root@postgresql postgresql-9.4.3]# su - postgres

[postgres@postgresql ~]$ createdb test

[postgres@postgresql ~]$ psql test

psql (9.4.3)

Type "help" for help.

test=#

源码编译安装成功。

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centos6.5下postgresql9.4.3安装与配置

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