SQL Server 触发器

# 创建insert类型触发器

--创建insert插入类型触发器
if (object_id(‘tgr_classes_insert‘, ‘tr‘) is not null)
    drop trigger tgr_classes_insert
go
create trigger tgr_classes_insert
on classes
    for insert --插入触发
as
    --定义变量
    declare @id int, @name varchar(20), @temp int;
    --在inserted表中查询已经插入记录信息
    select @id = id, @name = name from inserted;
    set @name = @name + convert(varchar, @id);
    set @temp = @id / 2;    
    insert into student values(@name, 18 + @id, @temp, @id);
    print ‘添加学生成功！‘;
go
--插入数据
insert into classes values(‘5班‘, getDate());
--查询数据
select * from classes;
select * from student order by id;

     insert触发器，会在inserted表中添加一条刚插入的记录。

    # 创建delete类型触发器

--delete删除类型触发器
if (object_id(‘tgr_classes_delete‘, ‘TR‘) is not null)
    drop trigger tgr_classes_delete
go
create trigger tgr_classes_delete
on classes
    for delete --删除触发
as
    print ‘备份数据中……‘;    
    if (object_id(‘classesBackup‘, ‘U‘) is not null)
        --存在classesBackup，直接插入数据
        insert into classesBackup select name, createDate from deleted;
    else
        --不存在classesBackup创建再插入
        select * into classesBackup from deleted;
    print ‘备份数据成功！‘;
go
--
--不显示影响行数
--set nocount on;
delete classes where name = ‘5班‘;
--查询数据
select * from classes;
select * from classesBackup;

   delete触发器会在删除数据的时候，将刚才删除的数据保存在deleted表中。

    # 创建update类型触发器

--update更新类型触发器
if (object_id(‘tgr_classes_update‘, ‘TR‘) is not null)
    drop trigger tgr_classes_update
go
create trigger tgr_classes_update
on classes
    for update
as
    declare @oldName varchar(20), @newName varchar(20);
    --更新前的数据
    select @oldName = name from deleted;
    if (exists (select * from student where name like ‘%‘+ @oldName + ‘%‘))
        begin
            --更新后的数据
            select @newName = name from inserted;
            update student set name = replace(name, @oldName, @newName) where name like ‘%‘+ @oldName + ‘%‘;
            print ‘级联修改数据成功！‘;
        end
    else
        print ‘无需修改student表！‘;
go
--查询数据
select * from student order by id;
select * from classes;
update classes set name = ‘五班‘ where name = ‘5班‘;

     update触发器会在更新数据后，将更新前的数据保存在deleted表中，更新后的数据保存在inserted表中。

    # update更新列级触发器

if (object_id(‘tgr_classes_update_column‘, ‘TR‘) is not null)
    drop trigger tgr_classes_update_column
go
create trigger tgr_classes_update_column
on classes
    for update
as
    --列级触发器：是否更新了班级创建时间
    if (update(createDate))
    begin
        raisError(‘系统提示：班级创建时间不能修改！‘, 16, 11);
        rollback tran;
    end
go
--测试
select * from student order by id;
select * from classes;
update classes set createDate = getDate() where id = 3;
update classes set name = ‘四班‘ where id = 7;

     更新列级触发器可以用update是否判断更新列记录；

SQL Server 触发器

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