2000 use DB_Name declare @table_id int set @table_id=object_id(‘Table_Name‘) dbcc showcontig(@table_id)
2005 SELECT index_id,index_type_desc,avg_fragmentation_in_percent,page_count FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(db_id(), OBJECT_ID(‘Table_Name‘), NULL, NULL , ‘LIMITED‘); |
整理
2000 DBCC INDEXDEFRAG (DB_Name, ‘dbo.Table_Name‘, Index_Name) DBCC DBREINDEX (‘DB_Name.dbo.Table_Name‘,‘‘,100)
2005 ALTER INDEX Index_Name ON dbo.Table_Name REBUILD |
以下是一个网上找的不错的例子,链接是:
http://www.cnblogs.com/perfectdesign/archive/2008/02/20/sqlserverreindexrebuild.html
新建一个表:
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create table t3
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(
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i int primary key,
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xx varchar(
200) not null

)
加入数据:
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declare @x int
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set @x =
0
while @x <
1000
begin
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insert into t3 values (@x,‘qweasdqweasdqweasdqweqweasdqwe‘)
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set @x = @x+
1
end
执行动态管理视图:
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SELECT index_id,index_type_desc,avg_fragmentation_in_percent,page_count
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats
(db_id(), OBJECT_ID(‘t3‘), NULL, NULL , ‘LIMITED‘);
可以看到:
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index_id为0表示这个是堆,平均的碎片有33%
现在执行几个可以减少碎片的方法都不管用,不能减少碎片。
包括:
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DBCC INDEXDEFRAG (test, ‘dbo.t3‘, PK__t3__0EA330E9)
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alter index PK__t3__0EA330E9 on t3
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rebuild
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dbcc dbreindex (‘t3‘)
这几个方法还有删除重建索引,都不能减少碎片数量。
后来我觉得是因为数据太少了,导致页也很少,数据库可能存在某种智能,判断是否值得去做重建索引的工作,所以加大的数据量:
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declare @x int
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set @x =
1000
while @x <
10000
begin
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insert into t3 values (@x,‘qweasdqweasdqweasdqweqweasdqwe‘)
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set @x = @x+
1
end
再执行语句:
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SELECT index_id,index_type_desc,avg_fragmentation_in_percent,page_count
FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats
(db_id(), OBJECT_ID(‘t3‘), NULL, NULL , ‘LIMITED‘);
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alter index t3index on t3 rebuild
显示出来了!
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结论:
SQL Server在执行相关的操作的时候都会智能去判断是否值得去做,比如在页面数太小的情况下可以不去重建索引,rebuild reindex 。类似的,在SQL Server 2005 里面也多了许多智能的判断来保证一个完整庞大而又不失智能的设计,
比如:
生成查询计划的阀值
缓存机制,缓存的筛选,LRU算法
预读机制
checkpoint减少回滚距离
智能join判断
重编译
了解SQL Server这种类似的软件产品能够为我们在设计产品的时候提供更多的思路想法,即使你了解上面的东西对你的SQL开发也不会有太多帮助。
另外附上几种方式的区别:
reindex是比较好的选择,速度快,但是他不能在线操作
INDEXDEFRAG 比较慢,但是可以在线操作
rebuild建议在碎片较少时采用。
附上微软的重建索引脚本,从里面也可以看出微软根据碎片大小推荐的方式,不过这个要随每个不同的数据库而定。
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-- ensure a USE <databasename> statement has been executed first.
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SET NOCOUNT ON;
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DECLARE @objectid int;
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DECLARE @indexid int;
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DECLARE @partitioncount bigint;
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DECLARE @schemaname sysname;
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DECLARE @objectname sysname;
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DECLARE @indexname sysname;
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DECLARE @partitionnum bigint;
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DECLARE @partitions bigint;
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DECLARE @frag float;
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DECLARE @command varchar(
8000);
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-- ensure the temporary table does not exist
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IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.objects WHERE name = ‘work_to_do‘)
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DROP TABLE work_to_do;
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-- conditionally select from the function, converting object and index IDs to names.
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SELECT
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object_id AS objectid,
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index_id AS indexid,
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partition_number AS partitionnum,
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avg_fragmentation_in_percent AS frag
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INTO work_to_do
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FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(), NULL, NULL , NULL, ‘LIMITED‘)

WHERE avg_fragmentation_in_percent >
10.0 AND index_id >
0;

-- Declare the cursor for the list of partitions to be processed.
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DECLARE partitions CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM work_to_do;
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-- Open the cursor.
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OPEN partitions;
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-- Loop through the partitions.

FETCH NEXT
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FROM partitions
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INTO @objectid, @indexid, @partitionnum, @frag;

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WHILE
@@FETCH_STATUS =
0
BEGIN;
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SELECT @objectname = o.name, @schemaname = s.name

FROM sys.objects AS o

JOIN sys.schemas as s ON s.schema_id = o.schema_id

WHERE o.object_id = @objectid;
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SELECT @indexname = name

FROM sys.indexes
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WHERE object_id = @objectid AND index_id = @indexid;
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SELECT @partitioncount = count (*)

FROM sys.partitions

WHERE object_id = @objectid AND index_id = @indexid;

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-- 30 is an arbitrary decision point at which to switch between reorganizing and rebuilding
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IF @frag <
30.0
BEGIN;
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SELECT @command = ‘ALTER INDEX ‘ + @indexname + ‘ ON ‘ + @schemaname + ‘.‘ + @objectname + ‘ REORGANIZE‘;
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IF @partitioncount >
1
SELECT @command = @command + ‘ PARTITION=‘ + CONVERT (CHAR, @partitionnum);

EXEC (@command);
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END;
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IF @frag >=
30.0
BEGIN;
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SELECT @command = ‘ALTER INDEX ‘ + @indexname +‘ ON ‘ + @schemaname + ‘.‘ + @objectname + ‘ REBUILD‘;
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IF @partitioncount >
1
SELECT @command = @command + ‘ PARTITION=‘ + CONVERT (CHAR, @partitionnum);
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EXEC (@command);
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END;
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PRINT ‘Executed ‘ + @command;
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FETCH NEXT FROM partitions INTO @objectid, @indexid, @partitionnum, @frag;
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END;
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-- Close and deallocate the cursor.
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CLOSE partitions;
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DEALLOCATE partitions;
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-- drop the temporary table
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IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sys.objects WHERE name = ‘work_to_do‘)
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DROP TABLE work_to_do;
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GO
BOL的推荐:
avg_fragmentation_in_percent 值 | 修复语句 |
> 5% 且 < = 30%
|
ALTER INDEX REORGANIZE
|
> 30%
|
ALTER INDEX REBUILD WITH (ONLINE = ON)*
|
小于5没必要重建,所以上面的SQL语句还是有得商量的地方。
http://blog.csdn.net/greenery/archive/2008/08/06/2778486.aspx
/************************************** 作用:在线整理索引碎片 时间:2008-5-15 说明: 根据微软的示例改编 适用于无法停机重建索引的情况, 在线整理索引碎片,并更新表的统计信息以增强效果。 另外可以自定义需要整理的索引的逻辑碎片程度,扫描密度,页数 必须要在数据库访问较少的时候执行 ***************************************/ CREATE PROC [dbo].[SYS_IndexDrag] AS BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON DECLARE @tablename VARCHAR (128) DECLARE @execstr VARCHAR (255) DECLARE @objectid INT DECLARE @indexid INT DECLARE @frag DECIMAL DECLARE @maxfrag DECIMAL--逻辑碎片
DECLARE @MaxScanDensity DECIMAL--扫描密度
DECLARE @Page INT --8k页数,设定一个限度对一定大的索引进行整理
DECLARE @TmpName VARCHAR(150)
-- Decide on the maximum fragmentation to allow
SELECT @maxfrag = 30.0 SELECT @MaxScanDensity=70.0 SELECT @Page=400
-- Declare cursor
DECLARE tables CURSOR FOR SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_TYPE = ‘BASE TABLE‘
-- Create the table
CREATE TABLE #fraglist ( ObjectName CHAR (255), ObjectId INT, IndexName CHAR (255), IndexId INT, Lvl INT, CountPages INT, CountRows INT, MinRecSize INT, MaxRecSize INT, AvgRecSize INT, ForRecCount INT, Extents INT, ExtentSwitches INT, AvgFreeBytes INT, AvgPageDensity INT, ScanDensity DECIMAL, BestCount INT, ActualCount INT, LogicalFrag DECIMAL, ExtentFrag DECIMAL)
-- Open the cursor
OPEN tables
-- Loop through all the tables in the database
FETCH NEXT FROM tables INTO @tablename
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN -- Do the showcontig of all indexes of the table
INSERT INTO #fraglist EXEC (‘DBCC SHOWCONTIG (‘‘‘ + @tablename + ‘‘‘) WITH FAST, TABLERESULTS, ALL_INDEXES, NO_INFOMSGS‘) FETCH NEXT FROM tables INTO @tablename END
-- Close and deallocate the cursor
CLOSE tables DEALLOCATE tables
-- Declare cursor for list of indexes to be defragged
DECLARE indexes CURSOR FOR SELECT ObjectName, ObjectId, IndexId, LogicalFrag FROM #fraglist WHERE (LogicalFrag >= @maxfrag OR [ScanDensity]<=@MaxScanDensity) AND [CountPages]>=@page AND INDEXPROPERTY (ObjectId, IndexName, ‘IndexDepth‘) > 0
-- Open the cursor
OPEN indexes
-- loop through the indexes
FETCH NEXT FROM indexes INTO @tablename, @objectid, @indexid, @frag
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN --在线整理碎片
PRINT ‘Executing DBCC INDEXDEFRAG (0, ‘ + RTRIM(@tablename) + ‘, ‘ + RTRIM(@indexid) + ‘) - fragmentation currently ‘ + RTRIM(CONVERT(varchar(15),@frag)) + ‘%‘ SELECT @execstr = ‘DBCC INDEXDEFRAG (0, ‘ + RTRIM(@objectid) + ‘, ‘ + RTRIM(@indexid) + ‘)‘ EXEC (@execstr) --更新统计信息
IF @TmpName<>@tablename BEGIN SET @tmpName=@tableName EXEC(‘UPDATE STATISTICS ‘+@TableName) END FETCH NEXT FROM indexes INTO @tablename, @objectid, @indexid, @frag END
-- Close and deallocate the cursor
CLOSE indexes DEALLOCATE indexes
-- Delete the temporary table
DROP TABLE #fraglist
END
GO
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[转]SQL SERVER整理索引碎片测试
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