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linux ssh publickey access

时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:4人阅读

 

一、公钥认证的基本思想:

对信息的加密和解密采用不同的key,这对key分别称作private key和public key,其中,public key存放在欲登录的服务器上,而private key为特定的客户机所持有。

当客户机向服务器发出建立安全连接的请求时,首先发送自己的public key,如果这个public key是被服务器所允许的,服务器就发送一个经过public key加密的随机数据给客户机,这个数据只能通过private key解密,客户机将解密后的信息发还给服务器,服务器验证正确后即确认客户机是可信任的,从而建立起一条安全的信息通道。

通过这种方式,客户机不需要向外发送自己的身份标志“private key”即可达到校验的目的,并且private key是不能通过public key反向推断出来的。这避免了网络窃听可能造成的密码泄露。客户机需要小心的保存自己的private key,以免被其他人窃取,一旦这样的事情发生,就需要各服务器更换受信的public key列表。

二、无密码登录实现方式(server1 publickey连接server2免密码登录)

1、用ssh-keygen创建公钥(server1)

[root@server1 ~]# ssh-keygen  
Generating public/private rsa key pair. 
Enter file in which to save the key(/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory ‘/root/.ssh‘. 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):  (此处密码决定终端连接时使用的私钥密码)
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in/root/.ssh/id_rsa. 
Your public key has been saved in/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. 
The key fingerprint is: 
7b:aa:08:a0:99:fc:d9:cc:d8:2e:4b:1a:c0:6b:da:e4root@Server1 
The key‘s randomart image is: 
+--[ RSA 2048]----+ 
| | 
| | 
| | 
|. | 
|o. S | 
|++. . | 
|+=o. . . | 
|o+=oB. o | 
|..E==*... | 
+-----------------+ 

2、补充说明:
ssh-keygen:生成秘钥,其中:
  -t指定算法
  -f 指定生成秘钥路径
  -N 指定密码

查看生成证书:

[root@server1]$ ll /root/.ssh/
total 16
-rw------- 1 yida yida 1675 Mar 31 11:42 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 yida yida  399 Mar 31 11:42 id_rsa.pub

3、将server1 publickey复制到server2 authorized_keys

[root@server1 .ssh]$ ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@10.207.0.179
The authenticity of host ‘10.207.0.179 (10.207.0.179)‘ can‘t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 94:5f:47:a8:ae:0b:b0:31:0f:ce:6b:86:08:51:98:a7.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added ‘10.207.0.179‘ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Address 10.207.0.179 maps to localhost, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
Password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh ‘root@10.207.0.179‘", and check in:

  .ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven‘t added extra keys that you weren‘t expecting.

[yida@yw_d10075798 .ssh]$

4.server2 查看public key文件

[root@server2]$ ll
total 16
-rw------- 1 root root  408 Mar 30 15:43 authorized_keys

 


 

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