MyBatis学习 之 三、动态SQL语句
时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17
帮助过:5人阅读
<insert id="createStudentAutoKey" parameterType="liming.student.manager.data.model.StudentEntity" keyProperty="studentId"> <selectKey keyProperty="studentId" resultType="String" order="BEFORE"> select nextval(‘student‘) </selectKey> INSERT INTO STUDENT_TBL(STUDENT_ID, STUDENT_NAME, STUDENT_SEX, STUDENT_BIRTHDAY, STUDENT_PHOTO, CLASS_ID, PLACE_ID) VALUES (#{studentId}, #{studentName}, #{studentSex}, #{studentBirthday}, #{studentPhoto, javaType=byte[], jdbcType=BLOB, typeHandler=org.apache.ibatis.type.BlobTypeHandler}, #{classId}, #{placeId}) </insert>
调用接口方法,和获取自动生成key
Java代码
- StudentEntity entity = new StudentEntity();
- entity.setStudentName("黎明你好");
- entity.setStudentSex(1);
- entity.setStudentBirthday(DateUtil.parse("1985-05-28"));
- entity.setClassId("20000001");
- entity.setPlaceId("70000001");
- this.dynamicSqlMapper.createStudentAutoKey(entity);
- System.out.println("新增学生ID: " + entity.getStudentId());
selectKey语句属性配置细节:
属性 |
描述 |
取值 |
keyProperty |
selectKey 语句生成结果需要设置的属性。 |
resultType |
生成结果类型,MyBatis 允许使用基本的数据类型,包括String 、int类型。 |
order |
1:BEFORE,会先选择主键,然后设置keyProperty,再执行insert语句;
2:AFTER,就先运行insert 语句再运行selectKey 语句。 |
BEFORE
AFTER |
statementType |
MyBatis 支持STATEMENT,PREPARED和CALLABLE 的语句形式, 对应Statement ,PreparedStatement 和CallableStatement 响应 |
STATEMENT
PREPARED
CALLABLE |
3.2 if标签
if标签可用在许多类型的sql语句中,我们以查询为例。首先看一个很普通的查询:
Xml代码
- <!-- 查询学生list,like姓名 -->
- <select id="getStudentListLikeName" parameterType="StudentEntity" resultMap="studentResultMap">
- SELECT * from STUDENT_TBL ST
- WHERE ST.STUDENT_NAME LIKE CONCAT(CONCAT(‘%‘, #{studentName}),‘%‘)
- </select>
但是此时如果studentName或studentSex为null,此语句很可能报错或查询结果为空。此时我们使用if动态sql语句先进行判断,如果值为null或等于空字符串,我们就不进行此条件的判断,增加灵活性。
参数为实体类StudentEntity。将实体类中所有的属性均进行判断,如果不为空则执行判断条件。
Xml代码
- <!-- 2 if(判断参数) - 将实体类不为空的属性作为where条件 -->
- <select id="getStudentList_if" resultMap="resultMap_studentEntity" parameterType="liming.student.manager.data.model.StudentEntity">
- SELECT ST.STUDENT_ID,
- ST.STUDENT_NAME,
- ST.STUDENT_SEX,
- ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY,
- ST.STUDENT_PHOTO,
- ST.CLASS_ID,
- ST.PLACE_ID
- FROM STUDENT_TBL ST
- WHERE
- <if test="studentName !=null ">
- ST.STUDENT_NAME LIKE CONCAT(CONCAT(‘%‘, #{studentName, jdbcType=VARCHAR}),‘%‘)
- </if>
- <if test="studentSex != null and studentSex != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.STUDENT_SEX = #{studentSex, jdbcType=INTEGER}
- </if>
- <if test="studentBirthday != null ">
- AND ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY = #{studentBirthday, jdbcType=DATE}
- </if>
- <if test="classId != null and classId!= ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.CLASS_ID = #{classId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- <if test="classEntity != null and classEntity.classId !=null and classEntity.classId !=‘ ‘ ">
- AND ST.CLASS_ID = #{classEntity.classId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- <if test="placeId != null and placeId != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.PLACE_ID = #{placeId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- <if test="placeEntity != null and placeEntity.placeId != null and placeEntity.placeId != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.PLACE_ID = #{placeEntity.placeId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- <if test="studentId != null and studentId != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.STUDENT_ID = #{studentId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- </select>
使用时比较灵活, new一个这样的实体类,我们需要限制那个条件,只需要附上相应的值就会where这个条件,相反不去赋值就可以不在where中判断。
Java代码
- public void select_test_2_1() {
- StudentEntity entity = new StudentEntity();
- entity.setStudentName("");
- entity.setStudentSex(1);
- entity.setStudentBirthday(DateUtil.parse("1985-05-28"));
- entity.setClassId("20000001");
- //entity.setPlaceId("70000001");
- List<StudentEntity> list = this.dynamicSqlMapper.getStudentList_if(entity);
- for (StudentEntity e : list) {
- System.out.println(e.toString());
- }
- }
3.3 if + where 的条件判断
当where中的条件使用的if标签较多时,这样的组合可能会导致错误。我们以在3.1中的查询语句为例子,当java代码按如下方法调用时:
Java代码
- @Test
- public void select_test_2_1() {
- StudentEntity entity = new StudentEntity();
- entity.setStudentName(null);
- entity.setStudentSex(1);
- List<StudentEntity> list = this.dynamicSqlMapper.getStudentList_if(entity);
- for (StudentEntity e : list) {
- System.out.println(e.toString());
- }
- }
如果上面例子,参数studentName为null,将不会进行STUDENT_NAME列的判断,则会直接导“WHERE AND”关键字多余的错误SQL。
这时我们可以使用where动态语句来解决。这个“where”标签会知道如果它包含的标签中有返回值的话,它就插入一个‘where’。此外,如果标签返回的内容是以AND 或OR 开头的,则它会剔除掉。
上面例子修改为:
Xml代码
- <!-- 3 select - where/if(判断参数) - 将实体类不为空的属性作为where条件 -->
- <select id="getStudentList_whereIf" resultMap="resultMap_studentEntity" parameterType="liming.student.manager.data.model.StudentEntity">
- SELECT ST.STUDENT_ID,
- ST.STUDENT_NAME,
- ST.STUDENT_SEX,
- ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY,
- ST.STUDENT_PHOTO,
- ST.CLASS_ID,
- ST.PLACE_ID
- FROM STUDENT_TBL ST
- <where>
- <if test="studentName !=null ">
- ST.STUDENT_NAME LIKE CONCAT(CONCAT(‘%‘, #{studentName, jdbcType=VARCHAR}),‘%‘)
- </if>
- <if test="studentSex != null and studentSex != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.STUDENT_SEX = #{studentSex, jdbcType=INTEGER}
- </if>
- <if test="studentBirthday != null ">
- AND ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY = #{studentBirthday, jdbcType=DATE}
- </if>
- <if test="classId != null and classId!= ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.CLASS_ID = #{classId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- <if test="classEntity != null and classEntity.classId !=null and classEntity.classId !=‘ ‘ ">
- AND ST.CLASS_ID = #{classEntity.classId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- <if test="placeId != null and placeId != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.PLACE_ID = #{placeId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- <if test="placeEntity != null and placeEntity.placeId != null and placeEntity.placeId != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.PLACE_ID = #{placeEntity.placeId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- <if test="studentId != null and studentId != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.STUDENT_ID = #{studentId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- </where>
- </select>
3.4 if + set 的更新语句
当update语句中没有使用if标签时,如果有一个参数为null,都会导致错误。
当在update语句中使用if标签时,如果前面的if没有执行,则或导致逗号多余错误。使用set标签可以将动态的配置SET 关键字,和剔除追加到条件末尾的任何不相关的逗号。
使用if+set标签修改后,如果某项为null则不进行更新,而是保持数据库原值。如下示例:
Xml代码
- <!-- 4 if/set(判断参数) - 将实体类不为空的属性更新 -->
- <update id="updateStudent_if_set" parameterType="liming.student.manager.data.model.StudentEntity">
- UPDATE STUDENT_TBL
- <set>
- <if test="studentName != null and studentName != ‘‘ ">
- STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_NAME = #{studentName},
- </if>
- <if test="studentSex != null and studentSex != ‘‘ ">
- STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_SEX = #{studentSex},
- </if>
- <if test="studentBirthday != null ">
- STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY = #{studentBirthday},
- </if>
- <if test="studentPhoto != null ">
- STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_PHOTO = #{studentPhoto, javaType=byte[], jdbcType=BLOB, typeHandler=org.apache.ibatis.type.BlobTypeHandler},
- </if>
- <if test="classId != ‘‘ ">
- STUDENT_TBL.CLASS_ID = #{classId}
- </if>
- <if test="placeId != ‘‘ ">
- STUDENT_TBL.PLACE_ID = #{placeId}
- </if>
- </set>
- WHERE STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_ID = #{studentId};
- </update>
3.5 if + trim代替where/set标签
trim是更灵活的去处多余关键字的标签,他可以实践where和set的效果。
3.5.1trim代替where
Xml代码
- <!-- 5.1 if/trim代替where(判断参数) - 将实体类不为空的属性作为where条件 -->
- <select id="getStudentList_if_trim" resultMap="resultMap_studentEntity">
- SELECT ST.STUDENT_ID,
- ST.STUDENT_NAME,
- ST.STUDENT_SEX,
- ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY,
- ST.STUDENT_PHOTO,
- ST.CLASS_ID,
- ST.PLACE_ID
- FROM STUDENT_TBL ST
- <trim prefix="WHERE" prefixOverrides="AND|OR">
- <if test="studentName !=null ">
- ST.STUDENT_NAME LIKE CONCAT(CONCAT(‘%‘, #{studentName, jdbcType=VARCHAR}),‘%‘)
- </if>
- <if test="studentSex != null and studentSex != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.STUDENT_SEX = #{studentSex, jdbcType=INTEGER}
- </if>
- <if test="studentBirthday != null ">
- AND ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY = #{studentBirthday, jdbcType=DATE}
- </if>
- <if test="classId != null and classId!= ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.CLASS_ID = #{classId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- <if test="classEntity != null and classEntity.classId !=null and classEntity.classId !=‘ ‘ ">
- AND ST.CLASS_ID = #{classEntity.classId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- <if test="placeId != null and placeId != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.PLACE_ID = #{placeId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- <if test="placeEntity != null and placeEntity.placeId != null and placeEntity.placeId != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.PLACE_ID = #{placeEntity.placeId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- <if test="studentId != null and studentId != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.STUDENT_ID = #{studentId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </if>
- </trim>
- </select>
3.5.2 trim代替set
Xml代码
- <!-- 5.2 if/trim代替set(判断参数) - 将实体类不为空的属性更新 -->
- <update id="updateStudent_if_trim" parameterType="liming.student.manager.data.model.StudentEntity">
- UPDATE STUDENT_TBL
- <trim prefix="SET" suffixOverrides=",">
- <if test="studentName != null and studentName != ‘‘ ">
- STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_NAME = #{studentName},
- </if>
- <if test="studentSex != null and studentSex != ‘‘ ">
- STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_SEX = #{studentSex},
- </if>
- <if test="studentBirthday != null ">
- STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY = #{studentBirthday},
- </if>
- <if test="studentPhoto != null ">
- STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_PHOTO = #{studentPhoto, javaType=byte[], jdbcType=BLOB, typeHandler=org.apache.ibatis.type.BlobTypeHandler},
- </if>
- <if test="classId != ‘‘ ">
- STUDENT_TBL.CLASS_ID = #{classId},
- </if>
- <if test="placeId != ‘‘ ">
- STUDENT_TBL.PLACE_ID = #{placeId}
- </if>
- </trim>
- WHERE STUDENT_TBL.STUDENT_ID = #{studentId}
- </update>
3.6 choose (when, otherwise)
有时候我们并不想应用所有的条件,而只是想从多个选项中选择一个。而使用if标签时,只要test中的表达式为true,就会执行if标签中的条件。MyBatis提供了choose 元素。if标签是与(and)的关系,而choose比傲天是或(or)的关系。
choose标签是按顺序判断其内部when标签中的test条件出否成立,如果有一个成立,则choose结束。当choose中所有when的条件都不满则时,则执行otherwise中的sql。类似于Java 的switch 语句,choose为switch,when为case,otherwise则为default。
例如下面例子,同样把所有可以限制的条件都写上,方面使用。choose会从上到下选择一个when标签的test为true的sql执行。安全考虑,我们使用where将choose包起来,放置关键字多于错误。
Xml代码
- <!-- 6 choose(判断参数) - 按顺序将实体类第一个不为空的属性作为where条件 -->
- <select id="getStudentList_choose" resultMap="resultMap_studentEntity" parameterType="liming.student.manager.data.model.StudentEntity">
- SELECT ST.STUDENT_ID,
- ST.STUDENT_NAME,
- ST.STUDENT_SEX,
- ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY,
- ST.STUDENT_PHOTO,
- ST.CLASS_ID,
- ST.PLACE_ID
- FROM STUDENT_TBL ST
- <where>
- <choose>
- <when test="studentName !=null ">
- ST.STUDENT_NAME LIKE CONCAT(CONCAT(‘%‘, #{studentName, jdbcType=VARCHAR}),‘%‘)
- </when >
- <when test="studentSex != null and studentSex != ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.STUDENT_SEX = #{studentSex, jdbcType=INTEGER}
- </when >
- <when test="studentBirthday != null ">
- AND ST.STUDENT_BIRTHDAY = #{studentBirthday, jdbcType=DATE}
- </when >
- <when test="classId != null and classId!= ‘‘ ">
- AND ST.CLASS_ID = #{classId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}
- </when >
- <when test="classEntity != null and classEntity.classId !=null and classEntity.classId