代码如下:
//================================================
/**////<summary>
/// 返回 GUID 用于数据库操作,特定的时间代码可以提高检索效率
/// </summary>
/// <returns>COMB (GUID 与时间混合型) 类型 GUID 数据</returns>
public static Guid NewComb()
{
byte[] guidArray = System.Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray();
DateTime baseDate = new DateTime(1900,1,1);
DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
// Get the days and milliseconds which will be used to build the byte string
TimeSpan days = new TimeSpan(now.Ticks - baseDate.Ticks);
TimeSpan msecs = new TimeSpan(now.Ticks - (new DateTime(now.Year, now.Month, now.Day).Ticks));
// Convert to a byte array
// Note that SQL Server is accurate to 1/300th of a millisecond so we divide by 3.333333
byte[] daysArray = BitConverter.GetBytes(days.Days);
byte[] msecsArray = BitConverter.GetBytes((long)(msecs.TotalMilliseconds/3.333333));
// Reverse the bytes to match SQL Servers ordering
Array.Reverse(daysArray);
Array.Reverse(msecsArray);
// Copy the bytes into the guid
Array.Copy(daysArray, daysArray.Length - 2, guidArray, guidArray.Length - 6, 2);
Array.Copy(msecsArray, msecsArray.Length - 4, guidArray, guidArray.Length - 4, 4);
return new System.Guid(guidArray);
}
//================================================
/**//// <summary>
/// 从 SQL SERVER 返回的 GUID 中生成时间信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="guid">包含时间信息的 COMB </param>
/// <returns>时间</returns>
public static DateTime GetDateFromComb(System.Guid guid)
{
DateTime baseDate = new DateTime(1900,1,1);
byte[] daysArray = new byte[4];
byte[] msecsArray = new byte[4];
byte[] guidArray = guid.ToByteArray();
// Copy the date parts of the guid to the respective byte arrays.
Array.Copy(guidArray, guidArray.Length - 6, daysArray, 2, 2);
Array.Copy(guidArray, guidArray.Length - 4, msecsArray, 0, 4);
// Reverse the arrays to put them into the appropriate order
Array.Reverse(daysArray);
Array.Reverse(msecsArray);
// Convert the bytes to ints
int days = BitConverter.ToInt32(daysArray, 0);
int msecs = BitConverter.ToInt32(msecsArray, 0);
DateTime date = baseDate.AddDays(days);
date = date.AddMilliseconds(msecs * 3.333333);
return date;
}
综上述六种主键选取策略,笔者认为使用“COMB(Combine)”类型做主键是比较恰当的主键应用策略,但在实际使用过程中要根据客观实践、因时因事选取适当的主键,切不可生搬硬套、弄巧成拙。
参考文献:
1、《系统分析师教程》 张友生 主编
2、《中文版SQL Server 2000开发与管理应用实例》 邹建 主编
3、《数据库中使用自增量字段与Guid字段主键的性能对比》作者 不详
4、《小议数据库主键选取策略》 作者 不详
数据库设计中主键问题
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