时间：2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过：25人阅读
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
log_slave_updates = 1
任意一个参数不开启则都会报错：
2015-08-09 02:33:57 6512 [ERROR] --gtid-mode=ON or UPGRADE_STEP_1 or UPGRADE_STEP_2 requires --log-bin and --log-slave-updates 2015-08-09 02:33:57 6512 [ERROR] Aborting 2015-08-09 02:39:58 9860 [ERROR] --gtid-mode=ON or UPGRADE_STEP_1 requires --enforce-gtid-consistency 2015-08-09 02:39:58 9860 [ERROR] Aborting
具体的方法可以参考 官方文档 。
三个实例开启之后(3306、3307、3308)，执行change的时候也要注意：
各个实例的uuid：
3306: mysql> select @@server_uuid; +--------------------------------------+ | @@server_uuid | +--------------------------------------+ | 4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e | +--------------------------------------+ 3307: mysql> select @@server_uuid; +--------------------------------------+ | @@server_uuid | +--------------------------------------+ | 041d0e65-3cde-11e5-9a6e-001c4270714e | +--------------------------------------+ 3308: mysql> select @@server_uuid; +--------------------------------------+ | @@server_uuid | +--------------------------------------+ | 081ccacf-3ce4-11e5-9a95-001c4270714e | +--------------------------------------+
使用5.6之前的主从change：
mysql> change master to master_host=‘127.0.0.1‘,master_user=‘rep‘,master_password=‘rep‘,master_log_file=‘mysql-bin3306.000001‘,master_log_pos=151,/*master_auto_position=1*/; 报错： ERROR 1776 (HY000): Parameters MASTER_LOG_FILE, MASTER_LOG_POS, RELAY_LOG_FILE and RELAY_LOG_POS cannot be set when MASTER_AUTO_POSITION is active. 当使用 MASTER_AUTO_POSITION 参数的时候， MASTER_LOG_FILE， MASTER_LOG_POS参数不能使用。 使用5.6之后的主从change： mysql> change master to master_host=‘127.0.0.1‘,master_user=‘rep‘,master_password=‘rep‘,master_port=3306,master_auto_position=1; 在执行上面的命令的时候会报错2个 warnings，主要的原因是复制账号安全的问题，相关的信息可以看这里。
从总体上看来，由于要支持GTID，所以不需要手工确定主服务器的MASTER_LOG_FILE及MASTER_LOG_POS。要是不需要GTID则需要指定FILE和POS。在2个从上执行上面命令，到此主从环境搭建完成。GTID的主从完成之后可以通过show processlist查看：
mysql> show processlist\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Id: 38 User: rep Host: localhost:52321 db: NULL Command: Binlog Dump GTID #通过GTID复制 Time: 48 State: Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated Info: NULL Rows_sent: 0 Rows_examined: 0 2） 测试复制的故障转移 server1(3306)挂了，服务器起不来了。需要把其中的一个从设置为主，另一个设置为其的从库： server2(3307): Master_Log_File: mysql-bin3306.000002 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4156773 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 4156773 server3(3308): Master_Log_File: mysql-bin3306.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 83795320 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 83795320
相比之下server2完成的事务要比server3更接近或则等于server1，现在需要把server3设置为server2的从库。
在MySQL5.6之前，这里的计算会很麻烦，要计算之前主库的log_pos和当前要设置成主库的log_pos，很有可能出错。所以出现了一些高可用性的工具如MHA，MMM等解决问题。
在MySQL5.6之后，很简单的解决了这个难题。因为同一事务的GTID在所有节点上的值一致，那么根据server3当前停止点的GTID就能定位到server2上的GTID，所以直接在server3上执行change即可：
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
#千万不要执行 reset master，否则会从最先的GTID上开始执行。
mysql> change master to master_host=‘127.0.0.1‘,master_user=‘rep‘,master_password=‘rep‘,master_port=3307,master_auto_position=1; #指定到另一个比较接近主的从上。 Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec) mysql> start slave; #成功的切换到新主 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
主从结构已经变更，server2是Master，server3是Slave。因为不需要计算pos的值，所以通过GTID很简单的解决了这个问题。
3）跳过复制错误： gtid_next、 gtid_purged
①要是从库执行一个事务错误:
mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 127.0.0.1 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin3306.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 38260944 Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin3307.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 369 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin3306.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: No Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 1008 Last_Error: Error ‘Can‘t drop database ‘mablevi‘; database doesn‘t exist‘ on query. Default database: ‘mablevi‘. Query: ‘drop database mablevi‘ Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 151 Relay_Log_Space: 38261371 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 1008 Last_SQL_Error: Error ‘Can‘t drop database ‘mablevi‘; database doesn‘t exist‘ on query. Default database: ‘mablevi‘. Query: ‘drop database mablevi‘ Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 150810 23:38:39 Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e:1-48 Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 1 在MySQL5.6之前，只需要执行： mysql> set global sql_slave_skip_counter=1;
跳过一个错误的事务，就可以继续进行复制了。但在MySQL5.6之后则不行：
mysql> set global sql_slave_skip_counter=1; ERROR 1858 (HY000): sql_slave_skip_counter can not be set when the server is running with @@GLOBAL.GTID_MODE = ON. Instead, for each transaction that you want to skip, generate an empty transaction with the same GTID as the transaction
分析： 因为是通过GTID来进行复制的，也 需要跳过这个事务从而继续复制，这个事务可以到主上的binlog里面查看：因为不知道找哪个GTID上出错，所以也不知道如何跳过哪个GTID。但在show slave status里的信息里可以找到在执行Master里的POS:151
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 151
的时候报错，所以通过mysqlbinlog找到了GTID：
# at 151
#150810 22:57:45 server id 1 end_log_pos 199 CRC32 0x5e14d88f GTID [commit=yes]
SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= ‘4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e:1‘/*!*/;
找到这个GTID之后执行： 必须按照下面顺序执行
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set session gtid_next=‘4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e:1‘; #在session里设置gtid_next Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> begin; #开启一个事务 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> SET SESSION GTID_NEXT = AUTOMATIC; #把gtid_next设置回来 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> start slave; #开启复制 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 查看复制状态： mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 127.0.0.1 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin3306.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 38260944 Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin3307.000003 Relay_Log_Pos: 716 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin3306.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 38260944 Relay_Log_Space: 38261936 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e:1-48 Executed_Gtid_Set: 4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e:1-48 Auto_Position: 1
在此成功跳过了错误，同步继续。
注意： 通过GTID的复制都是没有指定MASTER_LOG_FILE和MASTER_LOG_POS的，所以通过GTID复制都是从最先开始的事务开始，除非在自己的binlog里面有执行过之前的记录，才会继续后面的执行。
②要是事务日志被purge，再进行change： mysql> show master logs; +----------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +----------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin3306.000001 | 38260944 | +----------------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> flush logs; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> show tables; +---------------+ | Tables_in_mmm | +---------------+ | patent_family | | t1 | | t2 | +---------------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> create table t3(id int)engine = tokudb; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into t3 values(3),(4); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.05 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush logs; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> create table ttt(id int)engine = tokudb; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into ttt values(1),(2),(3),(4),(5); Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.03 sec) Records: 5 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> show master logs; +----------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +----------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin3306.000001 | 38260995 | | mysql-bin3306.000002 | 656 | | mysql-bin3306.000003 | 619 | +----------------------+-----------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> purge binary logs to ‘mysql-bin3306.000003‘; #日志被purge Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show master logs; #日志被purge之后等下的binlog +----------------------+-----------+ | Log_name | File_size | +----------------------+-----------+ | mysql-bin3306.000003 | 619 | +----------------------+-------- 3308登陆之后执行： mysql> change master to master_host=‘127.0.0.1‘,master_user=‘rep‘,master_password=‘rep‘,master_port=3306,master_auto_position=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Master_Host: 127.0.0.1 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: Read_Master_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin3308.000001 Relay_Log_Pos: 4 Relay_Master_Log_File: Slave_IO_Running: No Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 0 Relay_Log_Space: 151 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 1236 Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: ‘The slave is connecting using CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1, but the master has purged binary logs containing GTIDs that the slave requires.‘ Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql3/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 150811 00:02:50 Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: Executed_Gtid_Set: Auto_Position: 1 View Code 报错： Last_IO_Errno: 1236 Last_IO_Error: Got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: ‘The slave is connecting using CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1, but the master has purged binary logs containing GTIDs that the slave requires.‘
这里需要解决的是：Slave如何跳过purge的部分，而不是在最先开始的事务执行。
在主上执行，查看被purge的GTID：
mysql> show global variables like ‘gtid_purged‘; +---------------+-------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------------------------------------------+ | gtid_purged | 4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e:1-50 | +---------------+-------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 在从上执行，跳过这个GTID： mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set global gtid_purged = ‘4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e:1-50‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> reset master; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 要是出现： ERROR 1840 (HY000): @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED can only be set when @@GLOBAL.GTID_EXECUTED is empty. 则需要执行： reset master; 到这从的同步就正常了。 mysql> show slave status\G; *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 127.0.0.1 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin3306.000003 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 619 Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin3308.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 797 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin3306.000003 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 619 Relay_Log_Space: 1006 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql3/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e:51-52 Executed_Gtid_Set: 4e659069-3cd8-11e5-9a49-001c4270714e:1-52 Auto_Position: 1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use mmm Database changed mysql> show tables; +---------------+ | Tables_in_mmm | +---------------+ | ttt | +---------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) View Code
关于GTID的一些具体的信息可以到 官方文档 里查看。
总结：
GTID就是全局事务ID(global transaction identifier )，最初由google实现，官方MySQL在5.6才加入该功能。要是主从结构只有一台Master和一台Slave对于GTID来说就没有优势了，而对于2台主以上的结构优势异常明显，可以在数据不丢失的情况下切换新主。
使用GTID需要注意的是：在构建主从复制之前，在一台将成为主的实例上进行一些操作（如数据清理等），通过GTID复制，这些在主从成立之前的操作也会被复制到从服务器上，引起复制失败。即：通过GTID复制都是从最先开始的事务日志开始，即使这些操作再复制之前执行。比如在server1上执行一些drop、delete的清理操作，接着在server2上执行change的操作，会使得server2也进行server1的清理操作。
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MySQL5.6 新特性之GTID
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