时间：2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过：166人阅读
| 1 2 3 | 格式： \d [ pattern ] \d [ pattern ] + |
该命令将显示每个匹配关系（表，视图，索引，序列）的信息，包括对象所有的列，它们的类型，表空间（如果不是默认的）和任何特殊属性（如NOT NULL或默认值等）。与唯一约束相关的索引，规则，约束，触发器也同样会显示出来。如果关系是一个视图，还会显示视图的定义。
1.如果\d命令什么都不带，将列出当前数据库中的所有表。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | sample_db=# \d List of relations Schema | Name | Type | Owner --------+----------------+-------+--------- public | account | table | postgre public | book | table | postgre public | customers | table | postgre public | fruits | table | postgre ... public | view_t | view | postgre public | view_t2 | view | postgre (42 rows) |
2.\d后面跟一个表名，表示显示这个表的结构定义。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | sample_db=# \d tb_dept2 Table "public.tb_dept2" Column | Type | Modifiers ----------+-----------------------+----------- id | integer | not null name | character varying(22) | location | character varying(50) | Indexes: "tb_dept2_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) "tb_dept2_name_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (name) Referenced by: TABLE "tb_tmp" CONSTRAINT "fk_emp_dept" FOREIGN KEY (deptid) REFERENCES tb_dept2(id) |
3.\d也可以显示索引信息
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 | sample_db=# \d tb_dept2_pkey Index "public.tb_dept2_pkey" Column | Type | Definition --------+---------+------------ id | integer | id primary key, btree, for table "public.tb_dept2" |
4.\d后面可以跟一通配符"*"或"?"
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 | sample_db=# \d boo? Table "public.book" Column | Type | Modifiers ------------------+------------------------+----------- bookid | integer | not null bookname | character varying(255) | not null authors | character varying(255) | not null info | character varying(255) | comment | character varying(255) | year_publication | date | not null Indexes: "uniqididx" UNIQUE, btree (bookid) "bkcmtidx" btree (comment) "bknameidx" btree (bookname) sample_db=# \d a* Table "public.account" Column | Type | Modifiers --------+---------------+----------- id | integer | name | character(20) | Triggers: account_stamp BEFORE INSERT ON account FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE account_stam() |
5.\d+命令，该命令将显示比\d命令更详细的信息，除了前面介绍的那些，它还会显示任何与表列关联的注释，以及表中出现的ODI。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | sample_db=# \d+ t Table "public.t" Column | Type | Modifiers | Storage | Stats target | Description ----------+---------+-----------+---------+--------------+------------- quantity | integer | | plain | | price | integer | | plain | | Has OIDs: no |
6.匹配不同对象类型的\d命令
| 1 2 3 4 5 | 如果想只显示匹配的表，可以使用\dt命令 如果想只显示索引，可以使用\di命令 如果想只显示序号，可以使用\ds命令 如果想只显示视图，可以使用\dv命令 如果想只显示函数，可以使用\df命令 |
7.如果想显示SQL已执行的时间，可以用\timing命令
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | sample_db=# \timing on Timing is on. sample_db=# select count(*) from t; count ------- 1 (1 row) Time: 0.348 ms |
8.列出所有的schemas可以使用\dn命令
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 | sample_db=# \dn List of schemas Name | Owner --------+--------- public | postgre (1 row) |
9.显示所有的表空间可以用\db命令
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | sample_db=# \db List of tablespaces Name | Owner | Location ------------+---------+---------- pg_default | postgre | pg_global | postgre | (2 rows) |
表空间就是对一个目录，放在这个表空间的表，就是把表的数据文件放到这个表空间下。
10.列出数据库所有角色或用户\du或\dg
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | sample_db=# \dg List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------+----------- bob | | {} linux78 | | {} post4 | | {} post5 | Superuser, Cannot login | {} post6 | Create DB, Cannot login | {} post7 | Create role, Cannot login | {} post8 | Cannot login | {} postgre | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication | {} sample_db=# \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of -----------+------------------------------------------------+----------- bob | | {} linux78 | | {} post4 | | {} post5 | Superuser, Cannot login | {} post6 | Create DB, Cannot login | {} post7 | Create role, Cannot login | {} post8 | Cannot login | {} postgre | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication | {} |
11.\dp或\z命令用于显示表的权限分配情况
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 | sample_db=# \dp t Access privileges Schema | Name | Type | Access privileges | Column access privileges --------+------+-------+-------------------+-------------------------- public | t | table | | (1 row) |
postgresql的/d命令
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