时间：2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过：16人阅读
数据库环境的配置
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y ##数据库软件的下载
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.35-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mariadb(x86-64) = 1:5.5.35-3.el7 for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Data::Dumper) for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl-DBI for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.35-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
---> Package perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
=====================================================================
Installing:
mariadb-server x86_64 1:5.5.35-3.el7 rhel_dvd 11 M
Installing for dependencies:
mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.35-3.el7 rhel_dvd 8.9 M
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 rhel_dvd 32 k
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 rhel_dvd 57 k
perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.023-5.el7 rhel_dvd 140 k
perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 rhel_dvd 802 k
perl-Data-Dumper x86_64 2.145-3.el7 rhel_dvd 47 k
perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 rhel_dvd 260 k
perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 rhel_dvd 51 k
perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 rhel_dvd 36 k
Transaction Summary
=====================================================================
Install 1 Package (+9 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 21 M
Installed size: 107 M
Downloading packages:
(1/10): mariadb-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 8.9 MB 00:01
(2/10): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86 | 32 kB 00:00
(3/10): mariadb-server-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 11 MB 00:01
(4/10): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_ | 57 kB 00:00
(5/10): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 140 kB 00:00
(6/10): perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 47 kB 00:00
(7/10): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 260 kB 00:00
(8/10): perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:00
(9/10): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00
(10/10): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 10 MB/s | 21 MB 00:02
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64 1/10
Installing : 1:mariadb-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64 2/10
Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 3/10
Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 4/10
Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 5/10
Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 6/10
Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 7/10
Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 8/10
Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 9/10
Installing : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64 10/10
Verifying : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 1/10
Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 2/10
Verifying : perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64 3/10
Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 4/10
Verifying : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 5/10
Verifying : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64 6/10
Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 7/10
Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.35-3.el7.x86_64 8/10
Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-5.el7.x86_64 9/10
Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 10/10
Installed:
mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.35-3.el7
Dependency Installed:
mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.35-3.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7
perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-5.el7
perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7
perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7
perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7
perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7
perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7
Complete!
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antlpe | grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27 55211 4303/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf ##数据库本身配置文件
@@@@@
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
skip-networking=1 ##关闭数据库在网络打开的端口
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
~
~
~
@@@@@@
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antlpe | grep mysql ##查看打开的端口
[root@localhost ~]# mysql ##进入数据库
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation ##更改登陆设置
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we‘ll need the current
password for the root user. If you‘ve just installed MariaDB, and
you haven‘t set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] Y ##是否密码登陆
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y ##不允许匿名用户登陆
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from ‘localhost‘. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y ##不允许root远程登陆
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named ‘test‘ that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y ##是否删除测试数据库
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y ##更新数据库，是否重新加载
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you‘ve completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@localhost ~]# mysql ##再次进入数据库
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ##访问被拒 ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: NO)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -pwestos ##使用账户密码登陆（但此登陆方式密码会被记录。不安全）
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ##用户登陆，密码无回显,更安全
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 13
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]#
1.登陆 mysql -uroot -p
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.35-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
2.查询
*show databases; ##显示数据库（同ls）
*use mysql; ##进入mysql数据库（同cd）
*select * from user; ##查询表中内容（同show）
* desc user; ##显示表结构（显示所有字段的名称）
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; ##显示数据库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql ##进入数据库
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [mysql]> show tables; ##显示当前库中表的名称
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| host |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| servers |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> select * from user; ##查询user表中所有内容（*可用此表中的任何字段代替）
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------+-----------------------+
| Host | User | Password | Select_priv | Insert_priv | Update_priv | Delete_priv | Create_priv | Drop_priv | Reload_priv | Shutdown_priv | Process_priv | File_priv | Grant_priv | References_priv | Index_priv | Alter_priv | Show_db_priv | Super_priv | Create_tmp_table_priv | Lock_tables_priv | Execute_priv | Repl_slave_priv | Repl_client_priv | Create_view_priv | Show_view_priv | Create_routine_priv | Alter_routine_priv | Create_user_priv | Event_priv | Trigger_priv | Create_tablespace_priv | ssl_type | ssl_cipher | x509_issuer | x509_subject | max_questions | max_updates | max_connections | max_user_connections | plugin | authentication_string |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------+-----------------------+
| localhost | root | *28C1E2BE21B45562A34B6CC34A19CFAFC2F88F96 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *28C1E2BE21B45562A34B6CC34A19CFAFC2F88F96 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | |
| ::1 | root | *28C1E2BE21B45562A34B6CC34A19CFAFC2F88F96 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | | | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+---------------+--------------+-----------+------------+-----------------+------------+------------+--------------+------------+-----------------------+------------------+--------------+-----------------+------------------+------------------+----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+------------+--------------+------------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------------+---------------+-------------+-----------------+----------------------+--------+-----------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> select Host,User,Password from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host | User | Password |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *28C1E2BE21B45562A34B6CC34A19CFAFC2F88F96 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *28C1E2BE21B45562A34B6CC34A19CFAFC2F88F96 |
| ::1 | root | *28C1E2BE21B45562A34B6CC34A19CFAFC2F88F96 |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> desc user; ##显示表结构（显示所有字段的名称）
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Password | char(41) | NO | | | |
| Select_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Reload_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Shutdown_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Process_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| File_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) &n