时间：2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过：1人阅读
This document describes the installation of PostgreSQL using the source
code distribution. (If you are installing a pre-packaged distribution,
such as an RPM or Debian package, ignore this document and read the
packager‘s instructions instead.)
__________________________________________________________________
Short Version
./configure
make
su
make install
adduser postgres
mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/data
chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data >logfile 2>&1 &
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test
The long version is the rest of this document.
__________________________________________________________________
Requirements
In general, a modern Unix-compatible platform should be able to run
PostgreSQL. The platforms that had received specific testing at the
time of release are listed in the Section called Supported Platforms
below. In the "doc" subdirectory of the distribution there are several
platform-specific FAQ documents you might wish to consult if you are
having trouble.
The following software packages are required for building PostgreSQL:
* GNU make version 3.80 or newer is required; other make programs or
older GNU make versions will *not* work. (GNU make is sometimes
installed under the name "gmake".) To test for GNU make enter:
make --version
* You need an ISO/ANSI C compiler (at least C89-compliant). Recent
versions of GCC are recommended, but PostgreSQL is known to build
using a wide variety of compilers from different vendors.
* tar is required to unpack the source distribution, in addition to
either gzip or bzip2.
* The GNU Readline library is used by default. It allows psql (the
PostgreSQL command line SQL interpreter) to remember each command
you type, and allows you to use arrow keys to recall and edit
previous commands. This is very helpful and is strongly
recommended. If you don‘t want to use it then you must specify the
"--without-readline" option to "configure". As an alternative, you
can often use the BSD-licensed "libedit" library, originally
developed on NetBSD. The "libedit" library is GNU
Readline-compatible and is used if "libreadline" is not found, or
if "--with-libedit-preferred" is used as an option to "configure".
If you are using a package-based Linux distribution, be aware that
you need both the readline and readline-devel packages, if those
are separate in your distribution.
* The zlib compression library is used by default. If you don‘t want
to use it then you must specify the "--without-zlib" option to
"configure". Using this option disables support for compressed
archives in pg_dump and pg_restore.
The following packages are optional. They are not required in the
default configuration, but they are needed when certain build options
are enabled, as explained below:
* To build the server programming language PL/Perl you need a full
Perl installation, including the "libperl" library and the header
files. Since PL/Perl will be a shared library, the "libperl"
library must be a shared library also on most platforms. This
appears to be the default in recent Perl versions, but it was not
in earlier versions, and in any case it is the choice of whomever
installed Perl at your site. "configure" will fail if building
PL/Perl is selected but it cannot find a shared "libperl". In that
case, you will have to rebuild and install Perl manually to be able
to build PL/Perl. During the configuration process for Perl,
request a shared library.
If you intend to make more than incidental use of PL/Perl, you
should ensure that the Perl installation was built with the
usemultiplicity option enabled (perl -V will show whether this is
the case).
* To build the PL/Python server programming language, you need a
Python installation with the header files and the distutils module.
The minimum required version is Python 2.3. (To work with function
arguments of type numeric, a 2.3.x installation must include the
separately-available "cdecimal" module; note the PL/Python
regression tests will not pass if that is missing.) Python 3 is
supported if it‘s version 3.1 or later; but see the PL/Python
documentation when using Python 3.
Since PL/Python will be a shared library, the "libpython" library
must be a shared library also on most platforms. This is not the
case in a default Python installation built from source, but a
shared library is available in many operating system distributions.
"configure" will fail if building PL/Python is selected but it
cannot find a shared "libpython". That might mean that you either
have to install additional packages or rebuild (part of) your
Python installation to provide this shared library. When building
from source, run Python‘s configure with the --enable-shared flag.
* To build the PL/Tcl procedural language, you of course need a Tcl
installation. If you are using a pre-8.4 release of Tcl, ensure
that it was built without multithreading support.
* To enable Native Language Support (NLS), that is, the ability to
display a program‘s messages in a language other than English, you
need an implementation of the Gettext API. Some operating systems
have this built-in (e.g., Linux, NetBSD, Solaris), for other
systems you can download an add-on package from
http://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/. If you are using the Gettext
implementation in the GNU C library then you will additionally need
the GNU Gettext package for some utility programs. For any of the
other implementations you will not need it.
* You need Kerberos, OpenSSL, OpenLDAP, and/or PAM, if you want to
support authentication or encryption using those services.
* To build the PostgreSQL documentation, there is a separate set of
requirements; see the main documentation‘s appendix on
documentation.
If you are building from a Git tree instead of using a released source
package, or if you want to do server development, you also need the
following packages:
* GNU Flex and Bison are needed to build from a Git checkout, or if
you changed the actual scanner and parser definition files. If you
need them, be sure to get Flex 2.5.31 or later and Bison 1.875 or
later. Other lex and yacc programs cannot be used.
* Perl 5.8 or later is needed to build from a Git checkout, or if you
changed the input files for any of the build steps that use Perl
scripts. If building on Windows you will need Perl in any case.
Perl is also required to run some test suites.
If you need to get a GNU package, you can find it at your local GNU
mirror site (see http://www.gnu.org/order/ftp.html for a list) or at
ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/.
Also check that you have sufficient disk space. You will need about 100
MB for the source tree during compilation and about 20 MB for the
installation directory. An empty database cluster takes about 35 MB;
databases take about five times the amount of space that a flat text
file with the same data would take. If you are going to run the
regression tests you will temporarily need up to an extra 150 MB. Use
the "df" command to check free disk space.
__________________________________________________________________
Installation Procedure
1. Configuration
The first step of the installation procedure is to configure the
source tree for your system and choose the options you would like.
This is done by running the "configure" script. For a default
installation simply enter:
./configure
This script will run a number of tests to determine values for
various system dependent variables and detect any quirks of your
operating system, and finally will create several files in the
build tree to record what it found. You can also run "configure" in
a directory outside the source tree, if you want to keep the build
directory separate. This procedure is also called a VPATH build.
Here‘s how:
mkdir build_dir
cd build_dir
/path/to/source/tree/configure [options go here]
make
The default configuration will build the server and utilities, as
well as all client applications and interfaces that require only a
C compiler. All files will be installed under "/usr/local/pgsql" by
default.
You can customize the build and installation process by supplying
one or more of the following command line options to "configure":
--prefix=PREFIX
Install all files under the directory "PREFIX" instead of
"/usr/local/pgsql". The actual files will be installed
into various subdirectories; no files will ever be
installed directly into the "PREFIX" directory.
If you have special needs, you can also customize the
individual subdirectories with the following options.
However, if you leave these with their defaults, the
installation will be relocatable, meaning you can move the
directory after installation. (The man and doc locations
are not affected by this.)
For relocatable installs, you might want to use
"configure"‘s --disable-rpath option. Also, you will need
to tell the operating system how to find the shared
libraries.
--exec-prefix=EXEC-PREFIX
You can install architecture-dependent files under a
different prefix, "EXEC-PREFIX", than what "PREFIX" was
set to. This can be useful to share
architecture-independent files between hosts. If you omit
this, then "EXEC-PREFIX" is set equal to "PREFIX" and both
architecture-dependent and independent files will be
installed under the same tree, which is probably what you
want.
--bindir=DIRECTORY
Specifies the directory for executable programs. The
default is "EXEC-PREFIX/bin", which normally means
"/usr/local/pgsql/bin".
--sysconfdir=DIRECTORY
Sets the directory for various configuration files,
"PREFIX/etc" by default.
--libdir=DIRECTORY
Sets the location to install libraries and dynamically
loadable modules. The default is "EXEC-PREFIX/lib".
--includedir=DIRECTORY
Sets the directory for installing C and C++ header files.
The default is "PREFIX/include".
--datarootdir=DIRECTORY
Sets the root directory for various types of read-only
data files. This only sets the default for some of the
following options. The default is "PREFIX/share".
--datadir=DIRECTORY
Sets the directory for read-only data files used by the
installed programs. The default is "DATAROOTDIR". Note
that this has nothing to do with where your database files
will be placed.
--localedir=DIRECTORY
Sets the directory for installing locale data, in
particular message translation catalog files. The default
is "DATAROOTDIR/locale".
--mandir=DIRECTORY
The man pages that come with PostgreSQL will be installed
under this directory, in their respective "manx"
subdirectories. The default is "DATAROOTDIR/man".
--docdir=DIRECTORY
Sets the root directory for installing documentation
files, except "man" pages. This only sets the default for
the following options. The default value for this option
is "DATAROOTDIR/doc/postgresql".
--htmldir=DIRECTORY
The HTML-formatted documentation for PostgreSQL will be
installed under this directory. The default is
"DATAROOTDIR".
Note: Care has been taken to make it possible to install PostgreSQL
into shared installation locations (such as "/usr/local/include")
without interfering with the namespace of the rest of the system.
First, the string "/postgresql" is automatically appended to
datadir, sysconfdir, and docdir, unless the fully expanded directory
name already contains the string "postgres" or "pgsql". For example,
if you choose "/usr/local" as prefix, the documentation will be
installed in "/usr/local/doc/postgresql", but if the prefix is
"/opt/postgres", then it will be in "/opt/postgres/doc". The public
C header files of the client interfaces are installed into
includedir and are namespace-clean. The internal header files and
the server header files are installed into private directories under
includedir. See the documentation of each interface for information
about how to access its header files. Finally, a private
subdirectory will also be created, if appropriate, under libdir for
dynamically loadable modules.
--with-extra-version=STRING
Append "STRING" to the PostgreSQL version number. You can
use this, for example, to mark binaries built from
unreleased Git snapshots or containing custom patches with
an extra version string such as a "git describe"
identifier or a distribution package release number.
--with-includes=DIRECTORIES
"DIRECTORIES" is a colon-separated list of directories
that will be added to the list the compiler searches for
header files. If you have optional packages (such as GNU
Readline) installed in a non-standard location, you have
to use this option and probably also the corresponding
"--with-libraries" option.
Example:
--with-includes=/opt/gnu/include:/usr/sup/include.
--with-libraries=DIRECTORIES
"DIRECTORIES" is a colon-separated list of directories to
search for libraries. You will probably have to use this
option (and the corresponding "--with-includes" option) if
you have packages installed in non-standard locations.
Example: --with-libraries=/opt/gnu/lib:/usr/sup/lib.
--enable-nls[=LANGUAGES]
Enables Native Language Support (NLS), that is, the
ability to display a program‘s messages in a language
other than English. "LANGUAGES" is an optional
space-separated list of codes of the languages that you
want supported, for example --enable-nls=‘de fr‘. (The
intersection between your list and the set of actually
provided translations will be computed automatically.) If
you do not specify a list, then all available translations
are installed.
To use this option, you will need an implementation of the
Gettext API; see above.
--with-pgport=NUMBER
Set "NUMBER" as the default port number for server and
clients. The default is 5432. The port can always be
changed later on, but if you specify it here then both
server and clients will have the same default compiled in,
which can be very convenient. Usually the only good reason
to select a non-default value is if you intend to run
multiple PostgreSQL servers on the same machine.
--with-perl
Build the PL/Perl server-side language.
--with-python
Build the PL/Python server-side language.
--with-tcl
Build the PL/Tcl server-side language.
--with-tclconfig=DIRECTORY
Tcl installs the file "tclConfig.sh", which contains
configuration information needed to build modules
interfacing to Tcl. This file is normally found
automatically at a well-known location, but if you want to
use a different version of Tcl you can specify the
directory in which to look for it.
--with-gssapi
Build with support for GSSAPI authentication. On many
systems, the GSSAPI (usually a part of the Kerberos
installation) system is not installed in a location that
is searched by default (e.g., "/usr/include", "/usr/lib"),
so you must use the options "--with-includes" and
"--with-libraries" in addition to this option. "configure"
will check for the required header files and libraries to
make sure that your GSSAPI installation is sufficient
before proceeding.
--with-krb-srvnam=NAME
The default name of the Kerberos service principal used by
GSSAPI. postgres is the default. There‘s usually no reason
to change this unless you have a Windows environment, in
which case it must be set to upper case POSTGRES.
--with-openssl
Build with support for SSL (encrypted) connections. This
requires the OpenSSL package to be installed. "configure"
will check for the required header files and libraries to
make sure that your OpenSSL installation is sufficient
before proceeding.
--with-pam
Build with PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) support.
--with-ldap
Build with LDAP support for authentication and connection
parameter lookup (see the documentation about client
authentication and libpq for more information). On Unix,
this requires the OpenLDAP package to be installed. On
Windows, the default WinLDAP library is used. "configure"
will check for the required header files and libraries to
make sure that your OpenLDAP installation is sufficient
before proceeding.
--without-readline
Prevents use of the Readline library (and libedit as
well). This option disables command-line editing and
history in psql, so it is not recommended.
--with-libedit-preferred
Favors the use of the BSD-licensed libedit library rather
than GPL-licensed Readline. This option is significant
only if you have both libraries installed; the default in
that case is to use Readline.
--with-bonjour
Build with Bonjour support. This requires Bonjour support
in your operating system. Recommended on OS X.
--with-uuid=LIBRARY
Build the uuid-ossp module (which provides functions to
generate UUIDs), using the specified UUID library.
"LIBRARY" must be one of:
o "bsd" to use the UUID functions found in FreeBSD, NetBSD,
and some other BSD-derived systems
o "e2fs" to use the UUID library created by the e2fsprogs
project; this library is present in most Linux systems
and in OS X, and can be obtained for other platforms as
well
o "ossp" to use the OSSP UUID library
--with-ossp-uuid
Obsolete equivalent of --with-uuid=ossp.
--with-libxml
Build with libxml (enables SQL/XML support). Libxml
version 2.6.23 or later is required for this feature.
Libxml installs a program "xml2-config" that can be used
to detect the required compiler and linker options.
PostgreSQL will use it automatically if found. To specify
a libxml installation at an unusual location, you can
either set the environment variable XML2_CONFIG to point
to the "xml2-config" program belonging to the
installation, or use the options "--with-includes" and
"--with-libraries".
--with-libxslt
Use libxslt when building the xml2 module. xml2 relies on
this library to perform XSL transformations of XML.
--disable-integer-datetimes
Disable support for 64-bit integer storage for timestamps
and intervals, and store datetime values as floating-point
numbers instead. Floating-point datetime storage was the
default in PostgreSQL releases prior to 8.4, but it is now
deprecated, because it does not support microsecond
precision for the full range of timestamp values. However,
integer-based datetime storage requires a 64-bit integer
type. Therefore, this option can be used when no such type
is available, or for compatibility with applications
written for prior versions of PostgreSQL. See the
documentation about datetime datatypes for more
information.
--disable-float4-byval
Disable passing float4 values "by value", causing them to
be passed "by reference" instead. This option costs
performance, but may be needed for compatibility with old
user-defined functions that are written in C and use the
"version 0" calling convention. A better long-term
solution is to update any such functions to use the
"version 1" calling convention.
--disable-float8-byval
Disable passing float8 values "by value", causing them to
be passed "by reference" instead. This option costs
performance, but may be needed for compatibility with old
user-defined functions that are written in C and use the
"version 0" calling convention. A better long-term
solution is to update any such functions to use the
"version 1" calling convention. Note that this option
affects not only float8, but also int8 and some related
types such as timestamp. On 32-bit platforms,
"--disable-float8-byval" is the default and it is not
allowed to select "--enable-float8-byval".
--with-segsize=SEGSIZE
Set the segment size, in gigabytes. Large tables are
divided into multiple operating-system files, each of size
equal to the segment size. This avoids problems with file
size limits that exist on many platforms. The default
segment size, 1 gigabyte, is safe on all supported
platforms. If your operating system has "largefile"
support (which most do, nowadays), you can use a larger
segment size. This can be helpful to reduce the number of
file descriptors consumed when working with very large
tables. But be careful not to select a value larger than
is supported by your platform and the file systems you
intend to use. Other tools you might wish to use, such as
tar, could also set limits on the usable file size. It is
recommended, though not absolutely required, that this
value be a power of 2. Note that changing this value
requires an initdb.
--with-blocksize=BLOCKSIZE
Set the block size, in kilobytes. This is the unit of
storage and I/O within tables. The default, 8 kilobytes,
is suitable for most situations; but other values may be
useful in special cases. The value must be a power of 2
between 1 and 32 (kilobytes). Note that changing this
value requires an initdb.
--with-wal-segsize=SEGSIZE
Set the WAL segment size, in megabytes. This is the size
of each individual file in the WAL log. It may be useful
to adjust this size to control the granularity of WAL log
shipping. The default size is 16 megabytes. The value must
be a power of 2 between 1 and 64 (megabytes). Note that
changing this value requires an initdb.
--with-wal-blocksize=BLOCKSIZE
Set the WAL block size, in kilobytes. This is the unit of
storage and I/O within the WAL log. The default, 8
kilobytes, is suitable for most situations; but other
values may be useful in special cases. The value must be a
power of 2 between 1 and 64 (kilobytes). Note that
changing this value requires an initdb.
--disable-spinlocks
Allow the build to succeed even if PostgreSQL has no CPU
spinlock support for the platform. The lack of spinlock
support will result in poor performance; therefore, this
option should only be used if the build aborts and informs
you that the platform lacks spinlock support. If this
option is required to build PostgreSQL on your platform,
please report the problem to the PostgreSQL developers.
--disable-thread-safety
Disable the thread-safety of client libraries. This
prevents concurrent threads in libpq and ECPG programs
from safely controlling their private connection handles.
--with-system-tzdata=DIRECTORY
PostgreSQL includes its own time zone database, which it
requires for date and time operations. This time zone
database is in fact compatible with the IANA time zone
database provided by many operating systems such as
FreeBSD, Linux, and Solaris, so it would be redundant to
install it again. When this option is used, the
system-supplied time zone database in "DIRECTORY" is used
instead of the one included in the PostgreSQL source
distribution. "DIRECTORY" must be specified as an absolute
path. "/usr/share/zoneinfo" is a likely directory on some
operating systems. Note that the installation routine will
not detect mismatching or erroneous time zone data. If you
use this option, you are advised to run the regression
tests to verify that the time zone data you have pointed
to works correctly with PostgreSQL.
This option is mainly aimed at binary package distributors
who know their target operating system well. The main
advantage of using this option is that the PostgreSQL
package won‘t need to be upgraded whenever any of the many
local daylight-saving time rules change. Another advantage
is that PostgreSQL can be cross-compiled more
straightforwardly if the time zone database files do not
need to be built during the installation.
--without-zlib
Prevents use of the Zlib library. This disables support
for compressed archives in pg_dump and pg_restore. This
option is only intended for those rare systems where this
library is not available.
--enable-debug
Compiles all programs and libraries with debugging
symbols. This means that you can run the programs in a
debugger to analyze problems. This enlarges the size of
the installed executables considerably, and on non-GCC
compilers it usually also disables compiler optimization,
causing slowdowns. However, having the symbols available
is extremely helpful for dealing with any problems that
might arise. Currently, this option is recommended for
production installations only if you use GCC. But you
should always have it on if you are doing development work
or running a beta version.
--enable-coverage
If using GCC, all programs and libraries are compiled with
code coverage testing instrumentation. When run, they
generate files in the build directory with code coverage
metrics. This option is for use only with GCC and when
doing development work.
--enable-profiling
If using GCC, all programs and libraries are compiled so
they can be profiled. On backend exit, a subdirectory will
be created that contains the "gmon.out" file for use in
profiling. This option is for use only with GCC and when
doing development work.
--enable-cassert
Enables assertion checks in the server, which test for
many "cannot happen" conditions. This is invaluable for
code development purposes, but the tests can slow down the
server significantly. Also, having the tests turned on
won‘t necessarily enhance the stability of your server!
The assertion checks are not categorized for severity, and
so what might be a relatively harmless bug will still lead
to server restarts if it triggers an assertion failure.
This option is not recommended for production use, but you
should have it on for development work or when running a
beta version.
--enable-depend
Enables automatic dependency tracking. With this option,
the makefiles are set up so that all affected object files
will be rebuilt when any header file is changed. This is
useful if you are doing development work, but is just
wasted overhead if you intend only to compile once and
install. At present, this option only works with GCC.
--enable-dtrace
Compiles PostgreSQL with support for the dynamic tracing
tool DTrace.
To point to the "dtrace" program, the environment variable
DTRACE can be set. This will often be necessary because
"dtrace" is typically installed under "/usr/sbin", which
might not be in the path.
Extra command-line options for the "dtrace" program can be
specified in the environment variable DTRACEFLAGS. On
Solaris, to include DTrace support in a 64-bit binary, you
must specify DTRACEFLAGS="-64" to configure. For example,
using the GCC compiler:
./configure CC=‘gcc -m64‘ --enable-dtrace DTRACEFLAGS=‘-64‘ ...
Using Sun‘s compiler:
./configure CC=‘/opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc -xtarget=native64‘ --enable-dtrace DTRACEFL
AGS=‘-64‘ ...
--e