【翻译自mos文章】怎么startup/shutdown PDB？

怎么startup/shutdown PDB？
来源于：
12c: How to Startup/Shutdown PDB‘s? (文档 ID 1592247.1)

适用于：
Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 12.1.0.1 and later
Information in this document applies to any platform.

目标：
startup/shutdown PDB的方法。

解决方式：
在12c之前，传统的startup/shutdown 命令是：

Shutdown Command
SHUTDOWN NORMAL
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
SHUTDOWN ABORT

Startup Command
STARTUP
STARTUP NOMOUNT
STARTUP MOUNT

在CDB中运行SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE 会发生什么？


假设我们在container database (CDB)级别使用传统的shutdown命令。那么我们会把CDB和其下所有的PDB所有关闭。

[oracle@rhel59 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sat Feb 13 03:45:42 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl
SQL> show con_name
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> alter session set container=pn1;
alter session set container=pn1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
SQL> 

从上面我们能确认：在container database (CDB)级别使用SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE命令会把CDB和其下所有的PDB所有关闭

怎么关闭个别的PDB？

[oracle@rhel59 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sat Feb 13 05:37:18 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL>  SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$PDBS;
NAME
       OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED
       READ ONLY
PN1
       READ WRITE
PN2
       MOUNTED
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER=pn1; ------------->>>>关键点
Session altered.
SQL>  SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
Pluggable Database closed.
SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$PDBS;
NAME
       OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PN1
       MOUNTED
SQL> 

或者：

[oracle@rhel59 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production on Sat Feb 13 05:40:10 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$PDBS;
NAME
       OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED
       READ ONLY
PN1
       READ WRITE
PN2
       MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database pn1 close;---->>关键点
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$PDBS;
NAME
       OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED
       READ ONLY
PN1
       MOUNTED
PN2
       MOUNTED
SQL> 

也能够这么写：SQL> alter pluggable database pn1 close immediate;
一旦我们运行了shutdown命令，pdb总是停留在mount状态


怎么依据须要启动某一个PDB？
有两种不同的方式来启动PDB

SQL> select con_id, name, open_mode from v$pdbs;
    CON_ID NAME 
  OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
 2 PDB$SEED
  READ ONLY
 3 PN1
  MOUNTED
 4 PN2
  MOUNTED
SQL> alter pluggable database pn1 open;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> select con_id, name, open_mode from v$pdbs;
    CON_ID NAME 
  OPEN_MODE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
 2 PDB$SEED
  READ ONLY
 3 PN1
  READ WRITE
 4 PN2
  MOUNTED
SQL> select con_id, name, open_mode,RESTRICTED from v$PDBS;
    CON_ID NAME 
  OPEN_MODE  RES
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---
 2 PDB$SEED
  READ ONLY  NO
 3 PN1
  READ WRITE NO
 4 PN2
  MOUNTED
SQL> 

Open PDB in restricted mode

SQL> alter pluggable database PN1 open restricted;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE,RESTRICTED from v$PDBS;
NAME                           OPEN_MODE  RES
------------------------------ ---------- ---
PN1                        READ WRITE YES

Open PDB with force option

SQL> alter pluggable database PN1 open FORCE;
Pluggable database altered.
SQL> SELECT NAME,OPEN_MODE,RESTRICTED from v$PDBS;
NAME                           OPEN_MODE  RES
------------------------------ ---------- ---
PN1                        READ WRITE NO

也能够把PDB open到upgrade模式
SQL> alter pluggable database PN1 open UPGRADE;
注意。本文也适用于rac，仅仅须要把v$换成GV$

【翻译自mos文章】怎么startup/shutdown PDB？

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