Linux下面oracle环境的搭建

第一部分：安装oracle软件包

1.安装

 VMware Tools

安装vmware-tools工具

步骤1、点击---->虚拟机----->安装Vmware Tools

步骤2、df -h

[root@server253 ~]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2              20G  8.3G   11G  45% /

/dev/sda1              99M   12M   83M  12% /boot

tmpfs                 1.5G     0  1.5G   0% /dev/shm

/dev/scd0             2.8G  2.8G     0 100% /media/Enterprise Linux dvd 20090908

步骤3、挂在VMwareTools镜像

mount /dev/scd0 /mnt/

df -h

[root@server253 ~]# df -h

Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2              20G  8.3G   11G  45% /

/dev/sda1              99M   12M   83M  12% /boot

tmpfs                 1.5G     0  1.5G   0% /dev/shm

/dev/scd0             2.8G  2.8G     0 100% /media/Enterprise Linux dvd 20090908

/dev/scd0             2.8G  2.8G     0 100% /mnt

步骤4、cp /mnt/VMwareTools… /etc/opt/

cd /opt/

ls

步骤5、解压VMwareTools包

tar -zxvf VMwareTools…

cd vmware-tools-distrib

ls

步骤6、./vmware-install.pl

一路回车

最后reboot一下

2.配置ip地址

  计算机名

  配置主机

  防火墙设置

1，配置IP地址

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

/etc/init.d/network restart

chkconfig network on

ifconfig eth0

2，配置计算机名字

vim /etc/sysconfig/network

修改临时主机名

hostname server253.oracle.com

3，配置主机

vim /etc/hosts

ping server253.oracle.com

ping server253

4，防火墙设置

system-config-securitylevel

1. 点击虚拟机---->设置----->CD\DVD(SATA)---->使用ISO映像文件(M)---->

设备状态---->勾选上已连接

df -h

mount /dev/scd0 /mnt/

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/server.repo

[base]                                                                   

name=rhel5.4

baseurl=file:///mnt/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

4.检查软件的   必要性

Checking the Software Requirements

[root@server253 ~]rpm -qa|grep compat-db

[root@server253 ~]# yum -y install  compat-db

[root@server253 ~]# rpm -qa|grep pdksh

[root@server253 ~]# yum -y install pdksh

[root@server253 ~]# rpm -qa|grep sysstat

[root@server253 ~]# yum -y install  sysstat

5.检查网络步   骤

1.   ifconfig eth0

1.       vim /etc/sysconfig/network

   
   

2.      system-config-securitylevel
   

6.配置名称解   析

vim /etc/hosts

ping server253.oracle.com

ping server253

7. 创建安装软    件需要账户    名和组

8. 判断nobody    是否存在

Creating Required Operating System Groups  and Users

创建三个用户

[root@server253 ~]# useradd dba

[root@server253 ~]# useradd oinstall

[root@server253 ~]# useradd oper

[root@server253 ~]# id oracle

uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oracle)  groups=500(oracle)

将用户加入到组

usermod -g oinstall -G  oinstall,dba,oper,oracle oracle

[root@server253 ~]# id oracle

uid=500(oracle) gid=502(oinstall)  groups=502(oinstall),500(oracle),501(dba),503(oper)

8,Verifying that the User nobody Exists 判断nobody是否存在

原因：外部作业必须存在nobody

[root@server253 ~]# id nobody

uid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody)  groups=99(nobody)

9. 内核参数

Configuring Kernel Parameters

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

-shmall :该参数表示系统依次可以使用的共享内存段的总容量（以页为单位）。默认值是2097152，通常不需要修改

-shmmax:该参数定义了单个进程能够使用的共享内存段的最大尺寸（以字节为单位），默认为32MB，对于ORACLE来说，该默认值太低了，通常将其设置为2GB

-shmmin:该内核参数用于设置系统范围内共享内存段的最大个数，该参数的默认值是4096，通常不需要更改

-sem:该参数表示设置的信号量

-file-max: 该参数表示文件句柄的最大数量，文件句柄设置表示在linux系统中可以打开的文件数量

[root@server253 ~]# sysctl -p

10. 配置SHELL     限制

配置SHELL限制

a,vim /etc/security/limits.conf

b,vi /etc/pam.d/login

c,Depending on the oracle user‘s default  shell

vi /etc/profile

11. 创建所需     要的目录

创建所需要的目录

Identifying Required Software Directories

a,Oracle Base Directory--- 根目录  必须手工创建

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

b,Oracle Inventory Directory

       名字：oracle_base/oraInventory --产品清单列表

/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory  You do not need to create it. 安装自动创建

c,Oracle Home Directory  软件所安装的目录

   每安装一个产品都会有一相应的oralce home目录，You do not need to create  this directory.

建议你们创建

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

d,命令

     # mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

     # chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

     # chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

   测试

      ll /u01/app

12.配置oracle    用户环境

Configuring the oracle User‘s Environment

su - oracle

cd /home/oracle

     vim .bash_profile

[root@server253 ~]# source .bash_profile

13.准备安装介    质

a,如何将安装介质上传到linux

b,tool

c,使用root上传，使用解压，查看权限

  unzip  包名

  chown  -R oracle:oinstall /u01

  chmod  -R 775 /u01

14. su - 

    oracle

[oracle@server253 ~]$ su - root

[root@server253 ~]# xhost +

access control disabled, clients can  connect from any host

[root@server253 ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@server253 ~]$ xclock

15.

安装你的数据库软件

16.安装过程要    做的事情

[oracle@server253 ~]$ cd /u01/database/

[oracle@server253 database]$  ./runInstaller

a,vim /home/oracle/.base_profile

b,不要选默认创建数据库，这里只是安装数据库软件

c.最后以root身份执行2个脚本：

    orainstRoot.sh==用来更新最终的产品清单信息

    root.sh ==根据当前主机的信息生成一些使用脚本，如dbca

[oracle@server253 ~]$ source  .bash_profile

[oracle@server253 ~]$ cd /u01/database/

[oracle@server253 database]$  ./runInstaller

[root@localhost /]#  /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

[root@localhost /]#  /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh

第二部分：创建侦听

[oracle@server253 ~]$ netca

-bash: netca: command not found

查看netca所在的路径

[oracle@server253 bin]$ ls netca

netca

[oracle@server253 bin]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin

[oracle@server253 ~]$ vim .bash_profile

[oracle@server253 ~]$ source .bash_profile

[oracle@server253 ~]$ netca

[oracle@server253 ~]$ lsnrctl status

[oracle@server253 ~]$ netstat -tunlp  |grep 1521

(Not all processes could be identified,  non-owned process info

 will not be shown, you would have to be root  to see it all.)

tcp         0      0 0.0.0.0:1521                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      14633/tnslsnr      

第三部分：创建数据库

------------创建数据库-----dbca--

一是采用脚本的方式

二是采用图形界面

[oracle@server253 ~]$ dbca

使用DBCA创建第一个数据库：orcl 

全局数据库名：数据库名+域名

oracle sid：  实例名

默认实例名和数据库名一样，也可以不一样

enterprise manager (EM)

EM采用网页形式对数据库进行管理

有2种类型的EM：

一是采用GRID CONTROL-它可以管理多台主机以及多个数据库，必须在主机上安装agent

二是采用Database control 只能管理一个数据库

数据库管理方式

1 grid control 默认不可选，原因：你没有配置grid contol agent 

2 dbconsole 管理

一定要选择此模板

查看创建的数据库信息

[oracle@server253 orcl]$ ls

adump   bdump  cdump  dpdump   pfile  udump

[oracle@server253 orcl]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl

cd admin/实例名/            审计 跟踪 警告日志

[oracle@server253 admin]$ cd orcl/bdump/

[oracle@server253 bdump]$ ls

alert_orcl.log  orcl_lgwr_16683.trc  orcl_lgwr_16778.trc  orcl_lgwr_16845.trc

cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/实例名/    数据库文件

这里十二个文件要写脚本

[oracle@server253 orcl]$ ls

control01.ctl  example01.dbf  redo03.log    temp01.dbf

control02.ctl  redo01.log     sysaux01.dbf  undotbs01.dbf

control03.ctl  redo02.log     system01.dbf  users01.dbf

[oracle@server253 orcl]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

ps -elf |grep ora

[oracle@server253 dbs]$ ps -elf|grep ora

0 S root      3548  3523  0  78   0 -   494 stext  Aug13 ?        00:00:10 hald-addon-storage: polling /dev/scd0

4 S root      9164  6840  0  77   0 -  1230 wait   Aug13 pts/2    00:00:00 su - oracle

4 S oracle    9165  9164  0  76   0 -  1135 wait   Aug13 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash

4 S root      9261  9216  0  77   0 -  1230 wait   Aug13 pts/2    00:00:00 su - oracle

4 S oracle    9262  9261  0  75   0 -  1135 wait   Aug13 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash

4 S root      9893  9753  0  77   0 -  1230 wait   Aug13 pts/2    00:00:00 su - oracle

4 S oracle    9894  9893  0  75   0 -  1135 wait   Aug13 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash

4 S root     10010  9967  0  77   0 -  1230 wait   Aug13 pts/2    00:00:00 su - oracle

4 S oracle   10011 10010  0  75   0 -  1135 wait   Aug13 pts/2    00:00:00 -bash

4 S root     14109  4694  0  77   0 -  1230 wait   Aug13 pts/1    00:00:00 su - oracle

4 S oracle   14110 14109  0  76   0 -  1135 -      Aug13 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash

0 S oracle   14633     1  0  76   0 - 10567 stext  Aug13 ?        00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit

0 S oracle   16837     1  0  78   0 - 250810 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl

0 S oracle   16839     1  0  78   0 - 250657 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl

0 S oracle   16841     1  0  78   0 - 250657 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl

0 S oracle   16843     1  0  78   0 - 251174 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl

0 S oracle   16845     1  0  76   0 - 254545 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:01 ora_lgwr_orcl

0 S oracle   16847     1  0  78   0 - 250781 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:03 ora_ckpt_orcl

0 S oracle   16849     1  0  77   0 - 251051 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl

0 S oracle   16851     1  0  80   0 - 250657 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl

0 S oracle   16853     1  0  75   0 - 251056 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:01 ora_cjq0_orcl

0 S oracle   16855     1  0  78   0 - 251353 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl

0 S oracle   16857     1  0  78   0 - 250657 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl

0 S oracle   16859     1  0  78   0 - 250817 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl

0 S oracle   16861     1  0  75   0 - 250809 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl

0 S oracle   16866     1  0  79   0 - 250657 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl

0 S oracle   17090     1  0  78   0 - 251063 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:02 ora_j000_orcl

0 S oracle   17811     1  0  75   0 - 251044 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl

0 S oracle   17813     1  0  78   0 - 250656 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl

0 S oracle   17856     1  0  75   0 -  2031 -      Aug13 pts/1    00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/perl/bin/perl /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/emwd.pl dbconsole /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl/sysman/log/emdb.nohup

0 S oracle   17881 17856  0  78   0 - 148091 stext Aug13 pts/1    00:00:29 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/jdk/bin/java -server -Xmx256M -XX:MaxPermSize=96m -XX:MinHeapFreeRatio=20 -XX:MaxHeapFreeRatio=40 -DORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 -Doracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j -Doracle.oc4j.localhome=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl/sysman -DEMSTATE=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl -Doracle.j2ee.dont.use.memory.archive=true -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=HTTPClient -Doracle.security.jazn.config=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_server253.oracle.com_orcl/config/jazn.xml -Djava.security.policy=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_server253.oracle.com_orcl/config/java2.policy -Djava.security.properties=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/config/jazn.security.props -DEMDROOT=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/server253.oracle.com_orcl -Dsysman.md5password=true -Drepapi.oracle.home=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 -Ddisable.checkForUpdate=true -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/home/oc4j.jar -config /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_server253.oracle.com_orcl/config/server.xml

0 S oracle   18060     1  0  77   0 - 253384 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:03 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle   18062     1  0  75   0 - 251086 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:01 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle   18064     1  0  75   0 - 251348 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:05 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle   19902 17856  0  77   0 - 14604 stext  Aug13 pts/1    00:00:03 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/emagent

0 S oracle   19945     1  0  76   0 - 251627 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:02 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle   19956     1  0  75   0 - 251093 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:01 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle   24484     1  0  76   0 - 251073 -     Aug13 ?        00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle   24953     1  0  79   0 - 251081 -     00:00 ?        00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 S oracle   24957     1  0  78   0 - 251084 -     00:00 ?        00:00:00 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO)

0 R oracle   25086 10011  0  77   0 -  1065 -      00:02 pts/2    00:00:00 ps -elf

0 R oracle   25087 10011  0  78   0 -   980 -      00:02 pts/2    00:00:00 grep ora

还多了一个文件夹

[oracle@server253 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME 

[oracle@server253 db_1]$ ls

assistants   has               log      oraInst.loc  server253.oracle.com_orcl

bin          hs                md       ord          slax

cdata        install           mesg     oui          sqlj

cfgtoollogs  install.platform  mgw      owm          sqlplus

clone        inventory         network  perl         srvm

config       javavm            nls      plsql        sysman

crs          jdbc              oc4j     precomp      uix

css          jdk               odbc     racg         wwg

ctx          jlib              olap     rdbms        xdk

dbs          jre               OPatch   relnotes

demo         ldap              opmn     root.sh

diagnostics  lib               oracore  root.sh.old

[oracle@server253 db_1]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

这里的实例在启动的时候，第一个读到的是spfileorcl.ora文件，一旦此文件丢了，你的实例就崩啦，以后排错，第一个要修复的文件就是这个文件

[oracle@server253 db_1]$ cd dbs

[oracle@server253 dbs]$ ls

hc_orcl.dat  initdw.ora  init.ora  lkORCL  orapworcl  spfileorcl.ora

[oracle@server253 dbs]$ 

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

-bash: sqlplus: command not found

[oracle@server253 ~]$ vim .bash_profile 

umask 022

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID=orcl

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME PATH

[oracle@server253 ~]$ source .bash_profile 

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 00:15:00 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> 

方法一：

SQL> select * from tab;

3643 rows selected.

方法二：

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus  sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 00:22:38 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> 

启动过程中有三个过程

1. no mount

2. mount

3. open

如果三个过程都OK，那么数据库启动成功

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  926941184 bytes

Fixed Size                  1222672 bytes

Variable Size             243271664 bytes

Database Buffers          679477248 bytes

Redo Buffers                2969600 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> 

第四部分：oracle登录模式

oracle登录模式

连接基本使用

1. 连接--

1、EM-企业化管理器（图形管理）

2、isqlplus--（JAVA）

3、sqlplus

sqlplus账号/密码  as sysdba

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:27:25 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> 

例如：

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus xiaoming/oracle as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:29:53 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL> 

所以系统账号还可以这样登录

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:31:08 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> 

注：只要你的oracle账号可以登录到你的系统上面来，那么你的SQL就可以登录

SQL> show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL> exit 

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[oracle@server253 ~]$ 

oracle数据库在创建的时候，提供三个账号：

sys

scott

hr

scott账号默认登录的时候，密码为tiger，但是登录时候发现账号被锁定了

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:44:42 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-28000: the account is locked

Enter user-name: 

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL> alter user scott account unlock ;

User altered.

[oracle@server253 ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 14 06:49:14 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-28001: the password has expired

Changing password for scott

New password: 

Retype new password: 

Password changed

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> show user

USER is "SCOTT"

SQL> 

SQL> show user

USER is "SCOTT"

SQL> alter user scott identified by redhat;

User altered.

注意：注意：用户自己本身也可以修改自己的密码，一般情况是不被允许的

SQL> alter user scott account unlock identified by oracle;

alter user scott account unlock identified by oracle

                                              *

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

SQL> show user;

USER is "SYS"

SQL> alter user scott account unlock identified by oracle;

User altered.

SQL> 

sqlplus / as sysdba;

alter user hr account unlock identified by redhat;

exit

sqlplus hr/redhat;

show user;

----conn hr/redhat---- 切换到hr账号上面

----conn / as sysdba-- 切换到sys账号上面

---conn sys/oracle as sysdba---切换到sys账号上面

SQL> show user

USER is "SYS"

SQL> alter user hr account unlock identified by redhat;

User altered.

SQL> show user;

USER is "SYS"

SQL> conn scott/oracle

Connected.

SQL> show user;

USER is "SCOTT"

SQL> 

--------------------------帮助-----------------------------------

---help index ---帮助索引

---？shutdown---- 查找shutdown的使用功能

---？set-----查找set的使用功能

SQL> help index

Enter Help [topic] for help.

 @             COPY         PAUSE                    SHUTDOWN

 @@            DEFINE       PRINT                    SPOOL

 /             DEL          PROMPT                   SQLPLUS

 ACCEPT        DESCRIBE     QUIT                     START

 APPEND        DISCONNECT   RECOVER                  STARTUP

 ARCHIVE LOG   EDIT         REMARK                   STORE

 ATTRIBUTE     EXECUTE      REPFOOTER                TIMING

 BREAK         EXIT         REPHEADER                TTITLE

 BTITLE        GET          RESERVED WORDS (SQL)     UNDEFINE

 CHANGE        HELP         RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL)  VARIABLE

 CLEAR         HOST         RUN                      WHENEVER OSERROR

 COLUMN        INPUT        SAVE                     WHENEVER SQLERROR

 COMPUTE       LIST         SET

 CONNECT       PASSWORD     SHOW

SQL> ? shutdown

 SHUTDOWN

 --------

 Shuts down a currently running Oracle Database instance, optionally

 closing and dismounting a database.

 SHUTDOWN [ABORT|IMMEDIATE|NORMAL|TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL]]

SQL> ? set

 SET

 ---

 Sets a system variable to alter the SQL*Plus environment settings

 for your current session. For example, to:

     -   set the display width for data

     -   customize HTML formatting

     -   enable or disable printing of column headings

     -   set the number of lines per page

 In iSQL*Plus, you can also use the Preferences screen to set

 system variables.

 SET system_variable value

 where system_variable and value represent one of the following clauses:

   APPI[NFO]{OFF|ON|text}                   NUM[WIDTH] {10|n}

   ARRAY[SIZE] {15|n}                       PAGES[IZE] {14|n}

   AUTO[COMMIT] {OFF|ON|IMM[EDIATE]|n}      PAU[SE] {OFF|ON|text}

   AUTOP[RINT] {OFF|ON}                     RECSEP {WR[APPED]|EA[CH]|OFF}

   AUTORECOVERY {OFF|ON}                    RECSEPCHAR {_|c}

   AUTOT[RACE] {OFF|ON|TRACE[ONLY]}         SERVEROUT[PUT] {ON|OFF}

     [EXP[LAIN]] [STAT[ISTICS]]               [SIZE {n | UNLIMITED}] [FOR[MAT]

   BLO[CKTERMINATOR] {.|c|ON|OFF}             {WRA[PPED] |

   CMDS[EP] {;|c|OFF|ON}                       WOR[D_WRAPPED] |

   COLSEP {_|text}                             TRU[NCATED]}]

   CON[CAT] {.|c|ON|OFF}                   *SHIFT[INOUT] {VIS[IBLE] |

   COPYC[OMMIT] {0|n}                         INV[ISIBLE]}

   COPYTYPECHECK {ON|OFF}                  *SHOW[MODE] {OFF|ON}

   DEF[INE] {&|c|ON|OFF}                   *SQLBL[ANKLINES] {OFF|ON}

   DESCRIBE [DEPTH {1|n|ALL}]               SQLC[ASE] {MIX[ED] |

     [LINENUM {OFF|ON}] [INDENT {OFF|ON}]     LO[WER] | UP[PER]}

   ECHO {OFF|ON}                           *SQLCO[NTINUE] {> | text}

  *EDITF[ILE] file_name[.ext]              *SQLN[UMBER] {ON|OFF}

   EMB[EDDED] {OFF|ON}                      SQLPLUSCOMPAT[IBILITY] {x.y[.z]}

   ESC[APE] {\|c|OFF|ON}                   *SQLPRE[FIX] {#|c}

   FEED[BACK] {6|n|ON|OFF}                 *SQLP[ROMPT] {SQL>|text}

   FLAGGER {OFF|ENTRY|INTERMED[IATE]|FULL}  SQLT[ERMINATOR] {;|c|ON|OFF}

  *FLU[SH] {ON|OFF}                        *SUF[FIX] {SQL|text}

   HEA[DING] {ON|OFF}                      *TAB {ON|OFF}

   HEADS[EP] {||c|ON|OFF}