时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:4人阅读
#单表查询语法:
select distinct 字段1,字段2,字段3。。。。 from 表名
where 约束条件
group by 分组的字段
having 过滤条件
order by 排序字段
limit 限制条件;
#简单查询
SELECT id,name,sex,age,hire_date,post,post_comment,salary,office,depart_id
FROM employee;
SELECT * FROM employee;
SELECT name,salary FROM employee;
#避免重复DISTINCT
SELECT DISTINCT post FROM employee;
#通过四则运算查询
SELECT name, salary*12 FROM employee;
SELECT name, salary*12 AS Annual_salary FROM employee;
SELECT name, salary*12 Annual_salary FROM employee;
#定义显示格式
CONCAT() 函数用于连接字符串
SELECT CONCAT(‘姓名: ‘,name,‘ 年薪: ‘, salary*12) AS Annual_salary
FROM employee;
CONCAT_WS() 第一个参数为分隔符
SELECT CONCAT_WS(‘:‘,name,salary*12) AS Annual_salary
FROM employee;
#强调:
#1、分组之后,select只能查看到分组的字段,要想查组内内容
#不能直接查看,需要借助于聚合函数max,min,avg,sum,count
#2、分组的目的是为类以组为单位来处理记录,而不是处理单独的记录
#3、如果我们用unique的字段作为分组的依据,则每一条记录自成一组,这种分组没有意义
多条记录之间的某个字段值相同,该字段通常用来作为分组的依据
#查询总员工数:没有分组,默认整体一组
select count(id) from employee;
#查看每个部门的员工数
select post,count(id) from employee group by post;
2、内连接inner join:取两张表交集
mysql> select * from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id = department.id;
此外还有左链接右链接分别为保存表的左右
1 语法:
mysqldump -h 服务器 -u用户名 -p密码 数据库名 > 备份文件.sql
2
备份库
mysqldump -uroot -p --database day45 > C:\\day45_bak_2017_10_30.sql
恢复库
mysql -uroot -p < C:\\day45_bak_2017_10_30.sql
3
备份多个库
mysqldump -uroot -p --databases day43 day44 day45 > C:\\day43_day45_day44_bak_2017_10_30.sql
恢复库
mysql -uroot -p < C:\\day45_bak_2017_10_30.sql
4
备份多个表
mysqldump -uroot -p day45 employee t1 t2 > C:\\day45_t1_t2_employee_bak_2017_10_30.sql
恢复表
mysql -uroot -p day45 < C:\\day45_t1_t2_employee_bak_2017_10_30.sql
5 备份所有的库
mysqldump -uroot -p --all-databases > C:\\all.sql
恢复库
mysql -uroot -p < C:\\all.sql
6 导出表
mysql> SELECT * FROM school.student1
INTO OUTFILE ‘student1.txt‘
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘,‘ //定义字段分隔符
OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ‘”‘ //定义字符串使用什么符号括起来
LINES TERMINATED BY ‘\n‘ ; //定义换行符
7 导入表
mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE ‘/tmp/student1.txt‘
INTO TABLE school.student1
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘,‘
OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY ‘”‘
LINES TERMINATED BY ‘\n‘;
delimiter $$ #声明存储过程的结束符号为$$
1 创建表时就指定索引
create table t1(
id int,
name char(5),
unique key uni_name(name),
primary key(id)
);
create table t2(
id int,
name char(5),
index idx_name(name)
);
2 在创建完表后为其添加索引
create table t3(
id int,
name char(5)
);
create index idx_name on t3(name);
alter table t3 add index idx_id(id);
alter table t3 add primary key(id);
查看
mysql> show create table t3;
+-------+-------------------------------------
| Table | Create Table
+-------+-------------------------------------
| t3 | CREATE TABLE `t3` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` char(5) DEFAULT NULL,
KEY `idx_name` (`name`),
KEY `idx_id` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------+-------------------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
删除
drop index idx_id on t3;
alter table t3 drop primary key;
mysql与python的关联使用
使用pymysql模块吗,使用字符串进行命令的拼接,格式化方式进行数据查询条件的导入
在使用mysql模块时候要注意mysql语句注入,还有注意pymysql模块所提供的各种功能
pymysql在使用之前要做准备,像绑定链接一样获得游标
# import pymysql
#
# conn=pymysql.connect(
# host=‘localhost‘,
# port=3306,
# user=‘root‘,
# password=‘‘,
# database=‘day46‘,
# charset=‘utf8‘
# )
#
# cur=conn.cursor()
#
# # sql=‘insert into dep(name) values(%s)‘
# # cur.execute(sql,(‘yyyyy‘,))
# # cur.executemany(sql,[(‘aa‘),(‘bb‘),(‘ccc‘)])
# #
# # conn.commit()
#
# cur.close()
# conn.close()
事务:
start transaction;
try:
update user set balance=900 where id=1;
update user set balance=1010 where id=2;
update user set balance=1090 where id=3;
commit;
except 异常:
#一旦出现异常应该执行
#rollback;
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