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数据库模块(2天)sql基础

时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:6人阅读

1. 以ATM引出DBMS 2. MySQL - 服务端 - 客户端 3. 通信交流 - 授权 - SQL语句 - 数据库 create database db1; ? drop database db1; - 数据表 先创建tb2部门表 create table tb1用户表( id int not null auto_increment primary key, name char(10), department_id int, p_id int, constraint fk_1 foreign key (department_id,p_id) references tb2(tid,xid) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; 创建外键可以()写多个,注意里面的多列是一个主键 补充:主键 一个表只能有一个主键 主键可以由多列组成 补充:外键 ? CREATE TABLE t5 ( nid int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, pid int(11) not NULL, num int(11), primary key(nid,pid)这两列组成一个主键,多列组成的主键不常用,但是要知道 ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; create table t6( id int auto_increment primary key, name char(10), id1 int, id2 int, CONSTRAINT fk_t5_t6 foreign key (id1,id2) REFERENCES t1(nid,pid) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; - 数据行 insert into tb1(name,age) values(alex,18); delete from tb1;自增列计数不会清空 truncate table tb1;自增列计数清空 delete from tb1 where id > 10 update tb1 set name=root where id > 10 select * from tb; select id,name from tb; 4 对于自增补充: desc t10; show create table t10; show create table t10 \G; alter table t10 AUTO_INCREMENT=20;修改表的自增来 MySQL: 自增步长 基于会话级别: show session variables like auto_inc%; 查看全局变量 set session auto_increment_increment=2; 设置会话步长 # set session auto_increment_offset=10; 基于全局级别: show global variables like auto_inc%; 查看全局变量 set global auto_increment_increment=2; 设置会话步长 # set global auto_increment_offset=10; SqlServer:自增步长: 基础表级别: CREATE TABLE `t5` ( `nid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `pid` int(11) NOT NULL, `num` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`nid`,`pid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4, 步长=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 CREATE TABLE `t6` ( `nid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `pid` int(11) NOT NULL, `num` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`nid`,`pid`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4, 步长=20 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 今日内容: 0. 唯一索引(可以联合唯一索引) 语法 create table t1( id int ...., num int, xx int, unique 唯一索引名称 (列名,列名), constraint .... ) # 1 1 1 2 1 2 唯一索引的主要作用PS: 唯一: 约束不能重复(可以为空) PS: 主键不能重复(不能为空) 作用是加速查找,如果以后有用到唯一但是为不为空不限制 就可以考虑主键和约束 1. 外键的变种 a. 用户表和部门表 用户: 1 alex 1 2 root 1 3 egon 2 4 laoyao 3 部门: 1 服务 2 保安 3 公关 ===》 一对多 b. 用户表和博客表 用户表: 1 alex 2 root 3 egon 4 laoyao 博客表: FK() + 唯一 1 /yuanchenqi/ 4 2 /alex3714/ 1 3 /asdfasdf/ 3 4 /ffffffff/ 2 ===> 一对一 create table userinfo1( id int auto_increment primary key, name char(10), gender char(10), email varchar(64) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; create table admin( id int not null auto_increment primary key, username varchar(64) not null, password VARCHAR(64) not null, user_id int not null, unique uq_u1 (user_id), CONSTRAINT fk_admin_u1 FOREIGN key (user_id) REFERENCES userinfo1(id) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; c. 用户表(百合网) 相亲记录表 示例1: 用户表 相亲表 示例2: 用户表 主机表 用户主机关系表 ===》多对多 create table userinfo2( id int auto_increment primary key, name char(10), gender char(10), email varchar(64) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; create table host( id int auto_increment primary key, hostname char(64) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; create table user2host( id int auto_increment primary key, userid int not null, hostid int not null, unique uq_user_host (userid,hostid), CONSTRAINT fk_u2h_user FOREIGN key (userid) REFERENCES userinfo2(id), CONSTRAINT fk_u2h_host FOREIGN key (hostid) REFERENCES host(id) )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; 2. SQL语句数据行操作补充 create table tb12( id int auto_increment primary key, name varchar(32), age int )engine=innodb default charset=utf8; 增 insert into tb11(name,age) values(alex,12); 单条 insert into tb11(name,age) values(alex,12),(root,18);多条 insert into tb12(name,age) select name,age from tb11;把某个表,查出来放到另一个表 删 delete from tb12; delete from tb12 where id !=2 delete from tb12 where id =2 delete from tb12 where id > 2 delete from tb12 where id >=2 delete from tb12 where id >=2 or name=alex 改 update tb12 set name=alex where id>12 and name=xx update tb12 set name=alex,age=19 where id>12 and name=xx 增删改就那几种最要还是查的多 查 select * from tb12; select id,name from tb12; select id,name from tb12 where id > 10 or name =xxx; select id,name as cname from tb12 where id > 10 or name =xxx; as起别名 select name,age,11 from tb12;额外的常量列11 其他: select * from tb12 where id != 1 select * from tb12 where id in (1,5,12); select * from tb12 where id not in (1,5,12); select * from tb12 where id in (select id from tb11) where后面的select只能写一列 select * from tb12 where id between 5 and 12; 通配符: select * from tb12 where name like "a%" %表示任务多个字符(0个或多个) select * from tb12 where name like "a_" _代指一个字符 分页: select * from tb12 limit 10; select * from tb12 limit 0,10; 从0开始后面取10条 select * from tb12 limit 10,10; 前面的是起始位置 select * from tb12 limit 20,10; select * from tb12 limit 10 offset 20; 从20开始取10条 结合python分页 # page = input(‘请输入要查看的页码‘) # page = int(page) # (page-1) * 10 # select * from tb12 limit 0,10; 1 # select * from tb12 limit 10,10;2 排序: select * from tb12 order by id desc; 大到小 select * from tb12 order by id asc; 小到大 select * from tb12 order by age desc,id desc; 取后10条数据 select * from tb12 order by id desc limit 10; View Code

 

数据库模块(2天)sql基础

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