> user1={"name":"liming","age":20,"gender":"F"}
{ "name" : "liming", "age" : 20, "gender" : "F" }
> db.users.insert(user1)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> user2={"name":"zhangsan","age":25,"gender":"F"}
{ "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 25, "gender" : "F" }
> db.users.insert(user1)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.users.count()
2

创建索引：

mongodb使用createIndex()和ensureIndex()方法来创建索引，前者用于3.0及以上版本，后者用于3.0以下版本。
例1：给name字段创建正序索引

> db.users.createIndex({"name":1})
{
    "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
    "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
    "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
    "ok" : 1
}

例2：给name字段创建倒序索引

> db.users.createIndex({"name":-1})
{
    "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
    "numIndexesBefore" : 2,
    "numIndexesAfter" : 3,
    "ok" : 1
}

例3：给name，age字段创建组合索引

> db.users.createIndex({"name":1,"age":1})
{
    "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
    "numIndexesBefore" : 3,
    "numIndexesAfter" : 4,
    "ok" : 1
}

例4：在后台给age字段创建索引

> db.users.createIndex({age:1},{background:1})
{
    "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
    "numIndexesBefore" : 4,
    "numIndexesAfter" : 5,
    "ok" : 1
}

在后台创建索引的原因：
在前台创建索引期间会锁定数据库，会导致其它操作无法进行数据读写，在后台创建索引是，会定期释放写锁，从而保证其它操作的运行，但是后台操作会在耗时更长，尤其是在频繁进行写入的服务器上。

查看索引：

MongoDB提供的查看索引信息的方法：
getIndexes()方法可以用来查看集合的所有索引，
getIndexKeys()方法查看索引键。
totalIndexSize()查看集合索引的总大小，
getIndexSpecs()方法查看集合各索引的详细信息
例1： getIndexes()的用法

> db.users.getIndexes()
[
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "_id" : 1
        },
        "name" : "_id_",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "name" : 1
        },
        "name" : "name_1",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "name" : -1
        },
        "name" : "name_-1",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "name" : 1,
            "age" : 1
        },
        "name" : "name_1_age_1",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "age" : 1
        },
        "name" : "age_1",
        "ns" : "test1.users",
        "background" : 1
    }
]

例2：getIndexKeys()的用法

> db.users.getIndexKeys()
[
    {
        "_id" : 1
    },
    {
        "name" : 1
    },
    {
        "name" : -1
    },
    {
        "name" : 1,
        "age" : 1
    },
    {
        "age" : 1
    }
]

例3：totalIndexSize()的用法

> db.users.totalIndexSize()
81920

例4：getIndexSpecs()的用法

> db.users.getIndexSpecs()
[
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "_id" : 1
        },
        "name" : "_id_",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "name" : 1
        },
        "name" : "name_1",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "name" : -1
        },
        "name" : "name_-1",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "name" : 1,
            "age" : 1
        },
        "name" : "name_1_age_1",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "age" : 1
        },
        "name" : "age_1",
        "ns" : "test1.users",
        "background" : 1
    }
]

删除索引：

不再需要的索引，我们可以将其删除，mongodb提供两种删除索引的方法：
dropIndex()方法用于删除指定的索引
dropIndexes()方法用于删除全部的索引
例1:dropIndex()的用法

> db.users.dropIndex("name_1")
{ "nIndexesWas" : 5, "ok" : 1 }
> db.users.dropIndex("name_1_age_1")
{ "nIndexesWas" : 4, "ok" : 1 }
> db.users.getIndexSpecs()
[
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "_id" : 1
        },
        "name" : "_id_",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "name" : -1
        },
        "name" : "name_-1",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "age" : 1
        },
        "name" : "age_1",
        "ns" : "test1.users",
        "background" : 1
    }
]

我们可以看到,name字段的索引和name与age字段的组合索引皆被删除

例2:dropIndexes()的用法

> db.users.dropIndexes()
{
    "nIndexesWas" : 3,
    "msg" : "non-_id indexes dropped for collection",
    "ok" : 1
}
> db.users.getIndexSpecs()
[
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "_id" : 1
        },
        "name" : "_id_",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    }
]

在使用了dropIndexes()方法后,我们之前建的所有索引都被删除掉了

索引重建:

我们之前把users的索引全部删除了,现在在name字段上建立一个正序索引,然后在name字段上重建倒序索引,可以看到重建索引是把之前name字段的索引删掉再新建一个索引的,重建之前name字段还是只有一个索引.

> db.users.createIndex({name:1})
{
    "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
    "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
    "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
    "ok" : 1
}
> db.users.getIndexSpecs()
[
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "_id" : 1
        },
        "name" : "_id_",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "name" : 1
        },
        "name" : "name_1",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    }
]
> db.users.reIndex({name:-1})
{
    "nIndexesWas" : 2,
    "nIndexes" : 2,
    "indexes" : [
        {
            "key" : {
                "_id" : 1
            },
            "name" : "_id_",
            "ns" : "test1.users"
        },
        {
            "key" : {
                "name" : 1
            },
            "name" : "name_1",
            "ns" : "test1.users"
        }
    ],
    "ok" : 1
}
> db.users.getIndexSpecs()
[
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "_id" : 1
        },
        "name" : "_id_",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    },
    {
        "v" : 1,
        "key" : {
            "name" : 1
        },
        "name" : "name_1",
        "ns" : "test1.users"
    }
]

MongoDB索引管理——创建索引，查看索引，删除索引，重建索引

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