时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:13人阅读
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">CREATE</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">UNIQUE</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">NONCLUSTERED</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">INDEX</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">IX_Person</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">ON</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">dbo</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>.<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Person</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span><span style="color: #000000;">
- (
- </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Code</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">ASC</span><span style="color: #000000;">
- )</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">WITH</span> (PAD_INDEX <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">OFF</span>, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">OFF</span>, SORT_IN_TEMPDB <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">OFF</span>, IGNORE_DUP_KEY <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">OFF</span>, DROP_EXISTING <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">OFF</span>, ONLINE <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">OFF</span>, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">ON</span>, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">ON</span>) <span style="color: #0000ff;">ON</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">PRIMARY</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">GO</span>
Book表:
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">CREATE</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">TABLE</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">dbo</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>.<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Book</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span><span style="color: #000000;">(
- </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">ID</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">int</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> <span style="color: #ff00ff;">IDENTITY</span>(<span style="color: #800000; font-weight: bold;">1</span>,<span style="color: #800000; font-weight: bold;">1</span>) <span style="color: #808080;">NOT</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">NULL</span><span style="color: #000000;">,
- </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">BookCode</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">nvarchar</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>(<span style="color: #800000; font-weight: bold;">50</span>) <span style="color: #0000ff;">NULL</span><span style="color: #000000;">,
- </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">BookName</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">nvarchar</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>(<span style="color: #800000; font-weight: bold;">50</span>) <span style="color: #0000ff;">NULL</span><span style="color: #000000;">,
- </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">PersonCode</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">nvarchar</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>(<span style="color: #800000; font-weight: bold;">50</span>) <span style="color: #0000ff;">NULL</span><span style="color: #000000;">,
- </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">CONSTRAINT</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">PK_Book</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">PRIMARY</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">KEY</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">CLUSTERED</span><span style="color: #000000;">
- (
- </span><span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">ID</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">ASC</span><span style="color: #000000;">
- )</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">WITH</span> (PAD_INDEX <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">OFF</span>, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">OFF</span>, IGNORE_DUP_KEY <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">OFF</span>, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">ON</span>, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS <span style="color: #808080;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">ON</span>) <span style="color: #0000ff;">ON</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">PRIMARY</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span><span style="color: #000000;">
- ) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">ON</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">PRIMARY</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">GO</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">ALTER</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">TABLE</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">dbo</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>.<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Book</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">WITH</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">CHECK</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">ADD</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">CONSTRAINT</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">FK_Book_Person</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">FOREIGN</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">KEY</span>(<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">PersonCode</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
- </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">REFERENCES</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">dbo</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>.<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Person</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> (<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Code</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
- </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">ON</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">UPDATE</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">CASCADE</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">ON</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">DELETE</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">CASCADE</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">GO</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">ALTER</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">TABLE</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">dbo</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>.<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Book</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">CHECK</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">CONSTRAINT</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">FK_Book_Person</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">GO</span>
可以看到Person表和Book表是一对多关系,一个Person可以有多个Book,所以Book表的PersonCode列是外键,指向Person表的Code列,并为强制约束,也就是说Book表的PersonCode列的值,只能是Person表的Code列值,否则SQL Server会报错:
现在我们执行下面语句给两张表插入数据,我们将插入Person表和Book表的两个Insert语句写在了个事务transaction中,按道理其中一个Insert执行失败,另一个就不会执行:
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">BEGIN</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">TRAN</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">INSERT</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">INTO</span> Person(<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Code</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Name</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
- </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">VALUES</span>(<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">P003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Jack</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
- </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">INSERT</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">INTO</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">dbo</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>.<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Book</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>(<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">BookCode</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">BookName</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">PersonCode</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
- </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">VALUES</span><span style="color: #000000;">
- (</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B001</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B001</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">P003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #000000;">),
- (</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B002</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B002</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">P003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #000000;">),
- (</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">P003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #000000;">),
- (</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B004</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B004</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">P003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #000000;">),
- (</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B005</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B005</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">XXX</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>)<span style="color: #008080;">--</span><span style="color: #008080;">由于Book表的[PersonCode]列值‘XXX‘在Person表的[Code]列中不存在,所以整个INSERT INTO [dbo].[Book]语句会报错不会执行</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">COMMIT</span>
由于值"XXX"在Person表的[Name]列中不存在,所以INSERT INTO [dbo].[Book]语句报错没有执行,但是我们意外地发现INSERT INTO Person却随着事务Commit一起提交了。。。Person表的数据被成功插入了。。。
- (1 行受影响)
- 消息 547,级别 16,状态 0,第 7 行
- <span style="color: #ff0000;">The INSERT statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK_Book_Person". The conflict occurred in database "TestDB", table "dbo.Person", column ‘Code‘.</span>
- The statement has been terminated.
查询Person表数据:
查询Book表数据:
这是因为INSERT INTO [dbo].[Book]语句虽然报错没执行,但是最下面的Commit语句却执行了,也就是说INSERT INTO [dbo].[Book]语句报错,并没有阻止后面Commit语句的执行,所以INSERT INTO Person语句随着事务被提交到数据库生效了。。。
现在我们更改上面的语句如下,将两个Insert语句都放到try catch中:
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">BEGIN</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">TRAN</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">BEGIN</span><span style="color: #000000;"> TRY
- </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">INSERT</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">INTO</span> Person(<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Code</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Name</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
- </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">VALUES</span>(<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">P003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Jack</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
- </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">INSERT</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">INTO</span> <span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">dbo</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>.<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">Book</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>(<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">BookCode</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">BookName</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">[</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">PersonCode</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">]</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
- </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">VALUES</span><span style="color: #000000;">
- (</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B001</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B001</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">P003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #000000;">),
- (</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B002</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B002</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">P003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #000000;">),
- (</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">P003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #000000;">),
- (</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B004</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B004</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">P003</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #000000;">),
- (</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B005</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">B005</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>,<span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">XXX</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">‘</span>)<span style="color: #008080;">--</span><span style="color: #008080;">由于Book表的[PersonCode]列值‘XXX‘在Person表的[Code]列中不存在,所以整个INSERT INTO [dbo].[Book]语句会报错不会执行</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">COMMIT</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">END</span><span style="color: #000000;"> TRY
- </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">BEGIN</span><span style="color: #000000;"> CATCH
- </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">ROLLBACK</span>
- <span style="color: #0000ff;">END</span> CATCH
运行后,我们再查询Person表的数据:
查询Book表数据:
我们可以看到这次就和我们的预期一致了,在INSERT INTO [dbo].[Book]语句报错后,后面的Commit语句没有执行,执行了catch中的Rollback,最后两张表的数据都没有插入数据库。
SQL Server中事务transaction如果没写在try catch中,就算中间语句报错还是会提交
标签:primary 报错 ati tran off get server 插入数据 pdb