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mysql 死锁简单分析

时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:14人阅读

  • mysql都有什么锁
  • MySQL有三种锁的级别:页级、表级、行级,内存级(latch)。

    表级锁:开销小,加锁快;不会出现死锁;锁定粒度大,发生锁冲突的概率最高,并发度最低。

    行级锁:开销大,加锁慢;会出现死锁;锁定粒度最小,发生锁冲突的概率最低,并发度也最高。

    页面锁:开销和加锁时间界于表锁和行锁之间;会出现死锁;锁定粒度界于表锁和行锁之间,并发度一般

    算法:

    next KeyLocks锁,同时锁住记录(数据),并且锁住记录前面的Gap

    Gap锁,不锁记录,仅仅记录前面的Gap

    Recordlock锁(锁数据,不锁Gap)

    所以其实 Next-KeyLocks=Gap锁+ Recordlock锁

    1. 什么情况下会造成死锁

    所谓死锁 DeadLock 是指两个或两个以上的进程在执行过程中,
    因争夺资源而造成的一种互相等待的现象,若无外力作用,它们都将无法推进下去.
    此时称系统处于死锁状态或系统产生了死锁,这些永远在互相等竺的进程称为死锁进程.
    表级锁不会产生死锁.所以解决死锁主要还是针对于最常用的InnoDB.

    死锁的关键在于:两个(或以上)的Session加锁的顺序不一致。

    那么对应的解决死锁问题的关键就是:让不同的session加锁有次序

    4,下面就简单来重现一下死锁:

    死锁重现:
    事务A:
    root@test 16:01>select connection_id();
    +-----------------+
    | connection_id() |
    +-----------------+
    | 47274 |
    +-----------------+
    1 row in set (0.01 sec)

    root@test 16:02>set autocommit =0;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    root@test 16:02>select * from t where id =1 for update;
    +----+
    | id |
    +----+
    | 1 |
    +----+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    root@test 16:02>select * from t where id =2 for update;
    ERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting transaction
    root@test 16:03>

    事务B:
    root@test 16:02>select connection_id();
    +-----------------+
    | connection_id() |
    +-----------------+
    | 47272 |
    +-----------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    root@test 16:02>set autocommit =0;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

    root@test 16:02>select * from t where id =2 for update;
    +----+
    | id |
    +----+
    | 2 |
    +----+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    root@test 16:03>select * from t where id =1 for update;
    +----+
    | id |
    +----+
    | 1 |
    +----+
    1 row in set (5.53 sec)

    ===========================================

    死锁信息:

    LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK

    2018-10-19 16:03:14 7f9612b6d700
    (1) TRANSACTION:
    TRANSACTION 870600, ACTIVE 11 sec starting index read
    mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
    LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 2 row lock(s)
    MySQL thread id 47272, OS thread handle 0x7f9612e38700, query id 1112421 127.0.0.1 root statistics
    select
    from t where id =1 for update
    ** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
    RECORD LOCKS space id 330 page no 3 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table test.t trx id 870600 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
    (2) TRANSACTION:
    TRANSACTION 870599, ACTIVE 22 sec starting index read
    mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
    3 lock struct(s), heap size 360, 2 row lock(s)
    MySQL thread id 47274, OS thread handle 0x7f9612b6d700, query id 1112422 127.0.0.1 root statistics
    select * from t where id =2 for update
    (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):
    RECORD LOCKS space id 330 page no 3 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table test.t trx id 870599 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap
    (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
    RECORD LOCKS space id 330 page no 3 n bits 72 index PRIMARY of table test.t trx id 870599 lock_mode X locks rec but not gap waiting
    *** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (2)

    5分析:
    1,这上面是显示是事务产生死锁的sql并打印出相应所持和等待的锁
    2,上面的信息并没有输出事务死锁之前的sql,所以可以直接堆出两个事务执行的sql使他们相互持有了对方等待的锁
    3,造成死锁是必然的,慢sql和不合理的业务的逻辑是造成死锁过多的主要原因

    重要的事情说三遍:优化sql,优化业务,优化逻辑

    mysql 死锁简单分析

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