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oracle like模糊查询不能走索引?

时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:3人阅读

这里要纠正一个网上很多教程说的模糊匹配不能走索引的说法,因为在看《收获,不止SQL优化》一书,里面举例说到了,并且自己也跟着例子实践了一下,确实like一些特殊情况也是可以走索引的

例子来自《收获,不止SQL优化》一书,实践准备:

  1. <code>//建表,注意要非空数据
  2. drop table t purge;
  3. create table t as select * from dba_objects where object_id is not null;
  4. select * from t;
  5. //更新数据并建索引,用来测试
  6. update t set object_id=rownum;
  7. update t set object_name=‘AAALJB‘ where object_id=8;
  8. update t set object_name=‘LJBAAA‘ where object_id=10;
  9. create index idx_object_name on t(object_name);
  10. </code>

用set autotrace on用来打印执行计划,这里注意了,用LJB%去模糊匹配,然后观察执行计划,发现是索引范围扫描INDEX RANGE SCAN 的,因为去匹配LJB开头的数据,索引是可以范围查询并匹配到,所以是能走范围索引扫描的,所以网上的说法是不全面的

  1. <code>SQL> set autotrace on
  2. SQL> select object_id,object_name from t where object_name like ‘LJB%‘;
  3. OBJECT_ID
  4. ----------
  5. OBJECT_NAME
  6. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  7. 10
  8. LJBAAA
  9. 执行计划
  10. ----------------------------------------------------------
  11. Plan hash value: 1138138579
  12. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  13. ---------------
  14. | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%C
  15. PU)| Time |
  16. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  17. ---------------
  18. | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 79 | 4
  19. (0)| 00:00:01 |
  20. | 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T | 1 | 79 | 4
  21. (0)| 00:00:01 |
  22. |* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | IDX_OBJECT_NAME | 1 | | 3
  23. (0)| 00:00:01 |
  24. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  25. ---------------
  26. Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
  27. ---------------------------------------------------
  28. 2 - access("OBJECT_NAME" LIKE ‘LJB%‘)
  29. filter("OBJECT_NAME" LIKE ‘LJB%‘)
  30. Note
  31. -----
  32. - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)
  33. SQL>
  34. </code>

上面列举了,能走索引的例子,然后改一下用%LJB去匹配,看看能不能走索引?

  1. <code>SQL> set autotrace on
  2. SQL> select object_id,object_name from t where object_name like ‘%LJB‘;
  3. OBJECT_ID
  4. ----------
  5. OBJECT_NAME
  6. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  7. 8
  8. AAALJB
  9. 执行计划
  10. ----------------------------------------------------------
  11. Plan hash value: 1601196873
  12. --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  13. | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
  14. --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  15. | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 12 | 948 | 288 (1)| 00:00:04 |
  16. |* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T | 12 | 948 | 288 (1)| 00:00:04 |
  17. --------------------------------------------------------------------------
  18. Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
  19. ---------------------------------------------------
  20. 1 - filter("OBJECT_NAME" IS NOT NULL AND "OBJECT_NAME" LIKE ‘%LJB‘)
  21. Note
  22. -----
  23. - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)
  24. 统计信息
  25. ----------------------------------------------------------
  26. 0 recursive calls
  27. 0 db block gets
  28. 1032 consistent gets
  29. 0 physical reads
  30. 0 redo size
  31. 503 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
  32. 419 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
  33. 2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
  34. 0 sorts (memory)
  35. 0 sorts (disk)
  36. 1 rows processed
  37. SQL></code>

例子可以看出是全表扫描的,不走索引,因为%LJB这种匹配,索引不能确认唯一性,同样的%LJB%去匹配也是不走索引的

oracle like模糊查询不能走索引?

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