SQL Server 常用近百条SQL语句（收藏版）

select SERVERPROPERTY (‘propertyname‘)

2. 查看实例级别的某个参数XX的配置

select * from sys.configurations where name=‘XX‘

3. 更改实例级别的某个参数XX的值

sp_configure ‘XX‘,‘0‘ RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE

 sp_configure显示或更改当前服务器的全局配置设置。 
 RECONFIGURE表示SQL Server不用重新启动就立即生效 。

 使用sp_configure更改设置时，请使用RECONFIGURE语句使更改立即生效，否则更改将在SQL Server重新启动后生效。

 RECONFIGURE后面加WITH OVERRIDE表示不管这个值是不是符合要求都会生效，

 比如recovery interval的范围值是10--60对应sys.configurations.minimum是10、sys.configurations.maximum是60，

 如果sp_configure ‘recovery interval‘, 75设置为75，超过了这个10--60规范，但是要让75生效，则必须加上WITH OVERRIDE。

4. sqlserver没有系统表可以查询所有数据库下面对象，以下只能在当前数据库下面查

select * from sys.all_objects --查询当前数据库的所有架构范围的对象
select * from sys.sysobjects --查询当前数据库的所有对象--sys.all_objects、sys.sysobjects 这种的视图，在每个数据库的系统视图下面都有
select * from sys.databases --在当前数据库下可以查询到所有数据库信息，包含是否on状态
select * from sys.sysdatabases --在当前数据库下可以查询到所有数据库信息，不包含是否on状态，这个系统视图会在后续的版本中删除
--sys.databases、sys.sysdatabases这种的视图，在每个数据库的系统视图下面都有
sys.processes --没有这个视图
select * from sys.sysprocesses --在当前数据库下可以查询所有正在SQL Server 实例上运行的进程的相关信息，也就是所有数据库上的线程，这个系统视图会在后续的版本中删除

5. 全局系统视图、单个数据库系统视图

sys.database_files --每个存储在数据库本身中的数据库文件在表中占用一行。这是一个基于每个数据库的视图。
sys.master_files --master 数据库中的每个文件对应一行。这是一个系统范围视图。
--sys.database_files、sys.master_files这种的视图，在每个数据库的系统视图下面都有

6. 一些只存在msdb的系统表，而非系统视图

dbo.backupset
dbo.log_shipping_secondary
dbo.restorehistory
dbo.sysjobs
dbo.sysjobhistory
--这些系统表只存在msdb数据库，使用的时候必须加上msdb前缀

7. sp_lock、sp_who、sp_who2、sp_helptext等一些系统存储过程存在于每个数据库中

8. 报告有关锁的信息，会显示实例里面的所有数据库的锁信息、堵塞信息

 sp_lock

9. 提供有关当前用户、 会话和进程的实例中的信息，

  可以看到会话的状态running、SUSPENDED、sleeping、rollback，sp_who2通过CPUTime、DiskIO可以判断对应的transaction是否很大 

sp_who 
sp_who2 
sp_who2 active (可选参数LoginName, 或active代表活动会话数) 

CPUTime (进程占用的总CPU时间) 
DiskIO (进程对磁盘读的总次数) 
LastBatch (客户最后一次调用存储过程或者执行查询的时间) 
ProgramName (用来初始化连接的应用程序名称，或者主机名)

10. 查看某个存储过程的内容

sp_helptext pro_name

11.显示某个线程号发送到sqlserver数据库的最后一个语句

DBCC INPUTBUFFER

12.假设查询到249被锁给堵塞了，查询被堵塞的SQL语句

DBCC INPUTBUFFER (249)

13. 查看某个数据库中是否存在活动事务，有活动事务就一定会写日志

DBCC OPENTRAN (dbname)

14. 监视日志空间

DBCC SQLPERF (LOGSPACE)

15. 查找无法重用日志中的空间的原因(日志无法截断导致日志文件越来越大，但是可用空间很小，无法收缩)

select name,log_reuse_wait_desc from sys.databases

16. 查看虚拟日志文件信息

DBCC LOGINFO

结果有多少行，代表有多少虚拟日志文件，活动的虚拟日志文件的状态(status)为2

17. 修复msdb数据库，比如ssms页面sql server agent丢失或看不了job view history等功能，说明msdb坏了，需要修复

dbcc checkdb (msdb);

18. 在您当前连接到的 SQL Server 数据库中生成一个手动检查点

CHECKPOINT [ checkpoint_duration ]
--checkpoint_duration表示以秒为单位指定手动检查点完成所需的时间，一般不使用这个参数，让数据库自己控制

19. 查看数据库各种设置

select name,State,user_access,is_read_only,recovery_model from sys.databases

20. 查看某个数据库中是否存在会话

select DB_NAME(dbid),* from sys.sysprocesses where dbid=db_id(‘dbname‘)

21. 查询当前阻塞的所有请求

select * from sys.sysprocesses where blocked>0
或
SELECT t1.resource_type,db_name(t1.resource_database_id),t1.resource_associated_entity_id,t1.request_mode,t1.request_session_id,
t2.blocking_session_id,t2.wait_duration_ms
FROM sys.dm_tran_locks as t1
INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks as t2
ON t1.lock_owner_address = t2.resource_address;
或
select A.SPID as 被阻塞进程,a.CMD AS 正在执行的操作,b.spid AS 阻塞进程号,b.cmd AS 阻塞进程正在执行的操作
from master..sysprocesses a,master..sysprocesses b
where a.blocked<>0 and a.blocked= b.spid
或
SELECT session_Id,spid,ecid,DB_NAME (sp.dbid),nt_username,er.status,wait_type,
[Individual Query] =SUBSTRING (qt.text,er.statement_start_offset / 2,
( CASE
WHEN er.statement_end_offset = -1
THEN
LEN (CONVERT (NVARCHAR (MAX), qt.text)) * 2
ELSE
er.statement_end_offset
END
- er.statement_start_offset)/ 2),qt.text,program_name,Hostname,nt_domain,start_time
FROM sys.dm_exec_requests er
INNER JOIN sys.sysprocesses sp ON er.session_id = sp.spid
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text (er.sql_handle) AS qt
WHERE session_Id > 50        /* Ignore system spids.*/
AND sp.blocked>0 AND session_Id NOT IN (@@SPID)
或
SELECT session_id ,status ,blocking_session_id,
wait_type ,wait_time ,wait_resource,transaction_id
FROM sys.dm_exec_requests
WHERE status = N‘suspended‘;

--sys.dm_exec_requests返回SQL Server 中正在执行的每个请求的信息

22. 查看哪些表被锁了，以及这些表被哪个进程锁了

select request_session_id spid,OBJECT_NAME(resource_associated_entity_id) tableName
from sys.dm_tran_locks 
where resource_type=‘OBJECT‘ 
ORDER BY request_session_id ASC

23. 查询某个job是否被堵塞

select * from msdb.dbo.sysjobs where name=‘jobname‘
select a.program_name,a.* from master..sysprocesses a where a.program_name like ‘%0D1CE57E8AC5%‘
--把第一个语句查询到的job_id代入第二个语句的program_name

24. 检查SQL Agent是否开启

IF EXISTS (
SELECT TOP 1 1
FROM sys.sysprocesses
WHERE program_name = ‘SQLAgent - Generic Refresher‘
)
SELECT ‘Running‘
ELSE
SELECT ‘Not Running‘

25. 查看活动线程执行的sql语句,并生成批量杀掉的语句

select ‘KILL ‘+CAST(a.spid AS NVARCHAR(100)) AS KillCmd,REPLACE(hostname,‘ ‘,‘‘) as hostname ,replace(program_name,‘ ‘,‘‘) as program_name,
REPLACE(loginame, ‘ ‘, ‘‘) AS loginame, db_name(a.dbid) AS DBname,spid,blocked,waittime/1000 as waittime,
a.status,Replace(b.text,‘‘‘‘,‘‘‘‘) as sqlmessage,cpu
from sys.sysprocesses as a with(nolock)
cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) as b
where a.status<>‘sleeping‘ AND a.spid<>@@SPID

26. 查看备份进度

SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS Exec_DB,
percent_complete,
CASE WHEN estimated_completion_time < 36000000
THEN ‘0‘ ELSE ‘‘ END + RTRIM(estimated_completion_time/1000/3600)
+ ‘:‘ + RIGHT(‘0‘ + RTRIM((estimated_completion_time/1000)%3600/60), 2)
+ ‘:‘ + RIGHT(‘0‘ + RTRIM((estimated_completion_time/1000)%60), 2) AS [Time Remaining],
b.text as tsql,
*
FROM SYS.DM_EXEC_REQUESTS
cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) as b
WHERE command LIKE ‘Backup%‘ 
--and database_id=db_id(‘cardorder‘)
--OR command LIKE ‘RESTORE%‘
ORDER BY 2 DESC

27. 查看恢复进度

SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) AS Exec_DB,
percent_complete,CASE WHEN estimated_completion_time < 36000000
THEN ‘0‘ ELSE ‘‘ END + RTRIM(estimated_completion_time/1000/3600)
+ ‘:‘ + RIGHT(‘0‘ + RTRIM((estimated_completion_time/1000)%3600/60), 2)
+ ‘:‘ + RIGHT(‘0‘ + RTRIM((estimated_completion_time/1000)%60), 2) AS [Time Remaining],
b.text as tsql,
*
FROM SYS.DM_EXEC_REQUESTS
cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) as b
WHERE command LIKE ‘RESTORE%‘ 
--and database_id=db_id(‘cardorder‘)
--OR command LIKE ‘RESTORE%‘
ORDER BY 2 DESC

28. 查看数据库的最近备份信息

SELECT database_name,type,MAX(backup_finish_date) AS backup_finish_date 
FROM msdb.dbo.backupset 
GROUP BY database_name,type 
ORDER BY database_name,type
备注：D 表示全备份，i 表示差异备份，L 表示日志备份

29. 查看数据库的历史备份记录，并生成restore语句

SELECT
CONVERT(CHAR(100),SERVERPROPERTY(‘Servername‘))AS Server,
bs.database_name,
bs.backup_start_date,
bs.backup_finish_date,
bs.expiration_date,
CASE bs.type
WHEN ‘D‘ THEN ‘Database‘
WHEN ‘L‘ THEN ‘Log‘
END AS backup_type,
bs.backup_size,
bmf.logical_device_name,
bmf.physical_device_name,
bs.name AS backupset_name,
bs.description,
‘RESTORE DATABASE [‘+bs.database_name+‘] FROM DISK=N‘‘‘
+bmf.physical_device_name+ ‘‘‘WITH NORECOVERY;‘
FROM msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily bmf
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupset bs
ON bmf.media_set_id=bs.media_set_id
WHERE bs.backup_start_date>DATEADD(DAY,-1,GETDATE())
ORDER BY bs.backup_finish_date

30. 查询XX库从YYYY-MM-DD日期开始的日志备份记录，并生成restore log的语句

SELECT TOP 1000
       S.database_name [Database],
       CASE [S].[type]
             WHEN ‘L‘
             THEN N‘RESTORE LOG ‘ + QUOTENAME(S.database_name) + N‘ FROM DISK = ‘‘‘ + F.physical_device_name + N‘‘‘ WITH NORECOVERY;‘
       END [LogRestore],
       F.physical_device_name,
       S.[Type],
       S.backup_start_date,
       S.backup_finish_date
 FROM msdb.dbo.backupmediafamily F 
 INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupset S 
 ON S.media_set_id = F.media_set_id 
 WHERE S.database_name = ‘XX‘ AND
       S.type = ‘L‘ AND S.backup_start_date > ‘YYYY-MM-DD‘ ORDER BY S.backup_start_date ASC

 31. 查询always on状态是否正常

select dc.database_name, d.synchronization_health_desc, d.synchronization_state_desc, d.database_state_desc 
from sys.dm_hadr_database_replica_states d 
join sys.availability_databases_cluster dc 
on d.group_database_id=dc.group_database_id and d.is_local=1

32. 查看mirror镜像信息

SELECT
db_name(database_id),
mirroring_state_desc,
mirroring_role_desc,
mirroring_partner_name,
mirroring_partner_instance
FROM sys.database_mirroring

33. 查询SSRS Report Subscriptions相关的job

SELECT
b.name AS JobName,
e.name, 
e.path, 
d.description, 
a.SubscriptionID, 
laststatus, 
eventtype, 
LastRun Time, 
date_created, 
date_modified
FROM
ReportServer.dbo.ReportSchedule a
JOIN msdb.dbo.sysjobs b ON CONVERT(SYSNAME,a.ScheduleID) = b.name
JOIN ReportServer.dbo.ReportSchedule c ON b.name = CONVERT(SYSNAME,c.ScheduleID)
JOIN ReportServer.dbo.Subscriptions d ON c.SubscriptionID = d.SubscriptionID
JOIN ReportServer.dbo.Catalog e ON d.report_oid = e.itemid
WHERE
e.name = ‘Report Name Goes Here‘

34. 查看某个数据库的数据文件信息，就算是mirror从库的数据文件也可以查到，filestream目录也可以查到

SELECT db_name(database_id),* FROM master.sys.master_files WHERE database_id =DB_ID(N‘DBA‘);

35. 查看某个数据文件信息

select b.name,a.type_desc,a.name,a.physical_name,a.size,a.max_size,a.is_percent_growth,a.growth 
from sys.master_files a join sys.databases b on a.database_id=b.database_id and a.physical_name like ‘%DTSWonda_1%‘

36. 查询实例的数据文件总大小

SELECT sum(size*8/1024/1024) FROM master.sys.master_files

37. 查询某个目录中数据库使用的总大小

SELECT a.size*8/1024/1024 ,a.* FROM master.sys.master_files a WHERE physical_name like ‘G:\DEFAULT.DATA%‘

38. 查询某个目录中哪些数据库占用了8G以上容量

SELECT b.name dbname,a.size*8/1024/1024 sum_GB,a.type_desc,a.name datafilename,a.physical_name 
FROM master.sys.master_files a join sys.sysdatabases b on a.database_id=b.dbid and a.physical_name like ‘G:\DEFAULT.DATA%‘ and a.size*8/1024/1024>8

39. 查询实例上的每个数据库的大小

SELECT
DB_NAME(db.database_id) DatabaseName,
(CAST(mfrows.RowSize AS FLOAT)*8)/1024 RowSizeMB,
(CAST(mflog.LogSize AS FLOAT)*8)/1024 LogSizeMB,
(CAST(mfstream.StreamSize AS FLOAT)*8)/1024 StreamSizeMB,
(CAST(mftext.TextIndexSize AS FLOAT)*8)/1024 TextIndexSizeMB
FROM sys.databases db
LEFT JOIN (SELECT database_id, SUM(size) RowSize FROM sys.master_files WHERE type = 0 GROUP BY database_id, type) mfrows ON mfrows.database_id = db.database_id
LEFT JOIN (SELECT database_id, SUM(size) LogSize FROM sys.master_files WHERE type = 1 GROUP BY database_id, type) mflog ON mflog.database_id = db.database_id
LEFT JOIN (SELECT database_id, SUM(size) StreamSize FROM sys.master_files WHERE type = 2 GROUP BY database_id, type) mfstream ON mfstream.database_id = db.database_id
LEFT JOIN (SELECT database_id, SUM(size) TextIndexSize FROM sys.master_files WHERE type = 4 GROUP BY database_id, type) mftext ON mftext.database_id = db.database_id

40. 查询总耗CPU最多的前3个SQL，且最近5天出现过

SELECT TOP 3total_worker_time/1000 AS [总消耗CPU 时间(ms)],execution_count [运行次数],
qs.total_worker_time/qs.execution_count/1000 AS [平均消耗CPU 时间(ms)],
last_execution_time AS [最后一次执行时间],max_worker_time /1000 AS [最大执行时间(ms)],
SUBSTRING(qt.text,qs.statement_start_offset/2+1,
(CASE WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1
THEN DATALENGTH(qt.text)
ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END -qs.statement_start_offset)/2 + 1)AS [使用CPU的语法], qt.text [完整语法],
qt.dbid, dbname=db_name(qt.dbid),
qt.objectid,object_name(qt.objectid,qt.dbid) ObjectName
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs WITH(nolock)
CROSS apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) AS qt
WHERE execution_count>1 and last_execution_time>dateadd(dd,-5,getdate())
ORDER BY total_worker_time DESC

41. 查询平均耗CPU最多的前3个SQL，且最近5小时出现过

SELECT TOP 3
total_worker_time/1000 AS [总消耗CPU 时间(ms)],execution_count [运行次数],
qs.total_worker_time/qs.execution_count/1000 AS [平均消耗CPU 时间(ms)],
last_execution_time AS [最后一次执行时间],min_worker_time /1000 AS [最小执行时间(ms)],max_worker_time /1000 AS [最大执行时间(ms)],
SUBSTRING(qt.text,qs.statement_start_offset/2+1,
(CASE WHEN qs.statement_end_offset = -1
THEN DATALENGTH(qt.text)
ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END -qs.statement_start_offset)/2 + 1)AS [使用CPU的语法], qt.text [完整语法],
qt.dbid, dbname=db_name(qt.dbid),
qt.objectid,object_name(qt.objectid,qt.dbid) ObjectName
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs WITH(nolock)
CROSS apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) AS qt
WHERE execution_count>1 and last_execution_time>dateadd(hh,-5,getdate())
ORDER BY (qs.total_worker_time/qs.execution_count/1000) DESC

42. 查看当前最耗资源的10个SQL及其spid

SELECT TOP 10
session_id,request_id,start_time AS ‘开始时间‘,status AS ‘状态‘,
command AS ‘命令‘,d_sql.text AS ‘sql语句‘, DB_NAME(database_id) AS ‘数据库名‘,
blocking_session_id AS ‘正在阻塞其他会话的会话ID‘,
wait_type AS ‘等待资源类型‘,wait_time AS ‘等待时间‘,wait_resource AS ‘等待的资源‘,
reads AS ‘物理读次数‘,writes AS ‘写次数‘,logical_reads AS ‘逻辑读次数‘,
row_count AS ‘返回结果行数‘
FROM sys.dm_exec_requests AS d_request
CROSS APPLY
sys.dm_exec_sql_text(d_request.sql_handle) AS d_sql
WHERE session_id>50
ORDER BY cpu_time DESC
--前50号session_id一般是系统后台进程，sys.dm_exec_requests的status显示为background

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