时间：2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过：18人阅读
创建测试表：
use lijiamandb;
create table test01 ( id1 int not null auto_increment, name varchar(30), primary key(id1) ); create table test02 ( id2 int not null auto_increment, name varchar(30), primary key(id2) );
创建存储过程，往测试表里面插入数据，每次执行该存储过程，往test01和test02各自插入10000条数据：
CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`%` PROCEDURE `p_insert`() BEGIN #Routine body goes here... DECLARE str1 varchar(30); DECLARE str2 varchar(30); DECLARE i int; set i = 0; while i < 10000 do set str1 = substring(md5(rand()),1,25); insert into test01(name) values(str1); set str2 = substring(md5(rand()),1,25); insert into test02(name) values(str1); set i = i + 1; end while; END
制定事件，每隔10秒钟，执行上面的存储过程：
use lijiamandb; create event if not exists e_insert on schedule every 10 second on completion preserve do call p_insert();
启动EVENT，每个10s自动向test01和test02各自插入10000条数据
mysql> show variables like ‘%event_scheduler%‘; +----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ | event_scheduler | OFF | +----------------------------------------------------------+-------+ mysql> set global event_scheduler = on; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
--过3分钟。。。
STEP2:第一步生成大量测试数据后，使用mysqldump对lijiamandb数据库执行完全备份
mysqldump -h192.168.10.11 -uroot -p123456 -P3306 --single-transaction --master-data=2 --events --routines --databases lijiamandb > /mysql/backup/lijiamandb.sql
注意：必须要添加--master-data=2，这样才会备份集里面mysqldump备份的终点位置。
--过3分钟。。。
STEP3:为了便于数据库删除前与删除后数据一致性校验，先停止表的数据插入，此时test01和test02都有930000行数据，我们后续恢复也要保证有930000行数据。
mysql> set global event_scheduler = off; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select count(*) from test01; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 930000 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.14 sec) mysql> select count(*) from test02; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 930000 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.13 sec)
STEP4:删除数据库
mysql> drop database lijiamandb; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.07 sec)
STEP5:使用mysqldump的全备导入
mysql> create database lijiamandb; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> exit Bye [root@masterdb binlog]# mysql -uroot -p123456 lijiamandb < /mysql/backup/lijiamandb.sql mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
在执行全量备份恢复之后，发现只有753238笔数据：
[root@masterdb binlog]# mysql -uroot -p123456 lijiamandb mysql> select count(*) from test01; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 753238 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.12 sec) mysql> select count(*) from test02; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 753238 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.11 sec)
很明显，全量导入之后，数据不完整，接下来使用mysqlbinlog对二进制日志执行增量恢复。
使用mysqlbinlog进行增量日志恢复最重要的就是确定待恢复的起始位置(start-position)和终止位置(stop-position)，起始位置(start-position)是我们执行全被之后的位置，而终止位置则是故障发生之前的位置。
STEP6:确认mysqldump备份到的最终位置
[root@masterdb backup]# cat lijiamandb.sql |grep "CHANGE MASTER" -- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘master-bin.000044‘, MASTER_LOG_POS=8526828
备份到了44号日志的8526828位置，那么恢复的起点可以设置为：44号日志的8526828。
--接下来确认要恢复的终点位置，即执行"DROP DATABASE LIJIAMAN"之前的位置，需要到binlog里面确认。
[root@masterdb binlog]# ls master-bin.000001 master-bin.000010 master-bin.000019 master-bin.000028 master-bin.000037 master-bin.000046 master-bin.000055 master-bin.000002 master-bin.000011 master-bin.000020 master-bin.000029 master-bin.000038 master-bin.000047 master-bin.000056 master-bin.000003 master-bin.000012 master-bin.000021 master-bin.000030 master-bin.000039 master-bin.000048 master-bin.000057 master-bin.000004 master-bin.000013 master-bin.000022 master-bin.000031 master-bin.000040 master-bin.000049 master-bin.000058 master-bin.000005 master-bin.000014 master-bin.000023 master-bin.000032 master-bin.000041 master-bin.000050 master-bin.000059 master-bin.000006 master-bin.000015 master-bin.000024 master-bin.000033 master-bin.000042 master-bin.000051 master-bin.index master-bin.000007 master-bin.000016 master-bin.000025 master-bin.000034 master-bin.000043 master-bin.000052 master-bin.000008 master-bin.000017 master-bin.000026 master-bin.000035 master-bin.000044 master-bin.000053 master-bin.000009 master-bin.000018 master-bin.000027 master-bin.000036 master-bin.000045 master-bin.000054 # 多次查找，发现drop database在54号日志文件 [root@masterdb binlog]# mysqlbinlog -v master-bin.000056 | grep -i "drop database lijiamandb" [root@masterdb binlog]# mysqlbinlog -v master-bin.000055 | grep -i "drop database lijiamandb" [root@masterdb binlog]# mysqlbinlog -v master-bin.000055 | grep -i "drop database lijiamandb" [root@masterdb binlog]# mysqlbinlog -v master-bin.000054 | grep -i "drop database lijiamandb"
drop database lijiamandb # 保存到文本，便于搜索 [root@masterdb binlog]# mysqlbinlog -v master-bin.000054 > master-bin.txt # 确认drop database之前的位置为：54号文件的9019487 # at 9019422 #200423 16:07:46 server id 11 end_log_pos 9019487 CRC32 0x86f13148 Anonymous_GTID last_committed=30266 sequence_number=30267 rbr_only=no SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= ‘ANONYMOUS‘/*!*/; # at 9019487 #200423 16:07:46 server id 11 end_log_pos 9019597 CRC32 0xbd6ea5dd Query thread_id=100 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1587629266/*!*/; SET @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0/*!*/; /*!\C utf8 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/; drop database lijiamandb /*!*/; # at 9019597 #200423 16:09:25 server id 11 end_log_pos 9019662 CRC32 0x8f7b11dc Anonymous_GTID last_committed=30267 sequence_number=30268 rbr_only=no SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= ‘ANONYMOUS‘/*!*/; # at 9019662 #200423 16:09:25 server id 11 end_log_pos 9019774 CRC32 0x9b42423d Query thread_id=100 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1587629365/*!*/; create database lijiamandb
STEP7:确定了开始结束点，执行增量恢复
开始：44号日志的8526828
结束：54号文件的9019487
这里分为3条命令执行，起始日志文件涉及到参数start-position参数，单独执行；中止文件涉及到stop-position参数，单独执行；中间的日志文件不涉及到特殊参数，全部一起执行。
# 起始日志文件
mysqlbinlog --start-position=8526828 /mysql/binlog/master-bin.000044 | mysql -uroot -p123456
# 中间日志文件
mysqlbinlog /mysql/binlog/master-bin.000045 /mysql/binlog/master-bin.000046 /mysql/binlog/master-bin.000047 /mysql/binlog/master-bin.000048 /mysql/binlog/master-bin.000049 /mysql/binlog/master-bin.000050 /mysql/binlog/master-bin.000051 /mysql/binlog/master-bin.000052 /mysql/binlog/master-bin.000053 | mysql -uroot -p123456
# 终止日志文件
mysqlbinlog --stop-position=9019487 /mysql/binlog/master-bin.000054 | mysql -uroot -p123456
STEP8:恢复结束，确认全部数据已经还原
[root@masterdb binlog]# mysql -uroot -p123456 lijiamandb mysql> select count(*) from test01; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 930000 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.15 sec) mysql> select count(*) from test02; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 930000 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.13 sec)
（四）总结
1.对于DML操作，binlog记录了所有的DML数据变化：
--对于insert，binlog记录了insert的行数据
--对于update，binlog记录了改变前的行数据和改变后的行数据
--对于delete，binlog记录了删除前的数据
假如用户不小心误执行了DML操作，可以使用mysqlbinlog将数据库恢复到故障点之前。
2.对于DDL操作，binlog只记录用户行为，而不记录行变化，但是并不影响我们将数据库恢复到故障点之前。
总之，使用mysqldump全备加binlog日志，可以将数据恢复到故障前的任意时刻。
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