数据库之函数
时间：2021-07-01 10:21:17
帮助过：5人阅读
根据format字符串格式化date值
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(‘2009-10-04 22:23:00‘, ‘%W %M %Y‘);
-> ‘Sunday October 2009‘
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(‘2007-10-04 22:23:00‘, ‘%H:%i:%s‘);
-> ‘22:23:00‘
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(‘1900-10-04 22:23:00‘,
-> ‘%D %y %a %d %m %b %j‘);
-> ‘4th 00 Thu 04 10 Oct 277‘
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(‘1997-10-04 22:23:00‘,
-> ‘%H %k %I %r %T %S %w‘);
-> ‘22 22 10 10:23:00 PM 22:23:00 00 6‘
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(‘1999-01-01‘, ‘%X %V‘);
-> ‘1998 52‘
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(‘2006-06-00‘, ‘%d‘);
-> ‘00‘
五、加密函数
MD5()
计算字符串str的MD5校验和
PASSWORD(str)
返回字符串str的加密版本，这个加密过程是不可逆转的，和UNIX密码加密过程使用不同的算法。
六、控制流函数
CASE WHEN[test1] THEN [result1]...ELSE [default] END
如果testN是真，则返回resultN，否则返回default
CASE [test] WHEN[val1] THEN [result]...ELSE [default]END
如果test和valN相等，则返回resultN，否则返回default
IF(test,t,f)
如果test是真，返回t；否则返回f
IFNULL(arg1,arg2)
如果arg1不是空，返回arg1，否则返回arg2
NULLIF(arg1,arg2)
如果arg1=arg2返回NULL；否则返回arg1
七、控制流函数小练习
#7.1、准备表
/*
Navicat MySQL Data Transfer
Source Server : localhost_3306
Source Server Version : 50720
Source Host : localhost:3306
Source Database : student
Target Server Type : MYSQL
Target Server Version : 50720
File Encoding : 65001
Date: 2018-01-02 12:05:30
*/
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for course
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `course`;
CREATE TABLE `course` (
`c_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`c_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`t_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`c_id`),
KEY `t_id` (`t_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of course
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES (‘1‘, ‘python‘, ‘1‘);
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES (‘2‘, ‘java‘, ‘2‘);
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES (‘3‘, ‘linux‘, ‘3‘);
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES (‘4‘, ‘web‘, ‘2‘);
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for score
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `score`;
CREATE TABLE `score` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`s_id` int(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`c_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`num` double DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=12 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of score
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES (‘1‘, ‘1‘, ‘1‘, ‘79‘);
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES (‘2‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘78‘);
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES (‘3‘, ‘1‘, ‘3‘, ‘35‘);
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES (‘4‘, ‘2‘, ‘2‘, ‘32‘);
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES (‘5‘, ‘3‘, ‘1‘, ‘66‘);
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES (‘6‘, ‘4‘, ‘2‘, ‘77‘);
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES (‘7‘, ‘4‘, ‘1‘, ‘68‘);
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES (‘8‘, ‘5‘, ‘1‘, ‘66‘);
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES (‘9‘, ‘2‘, ‘1‘, ‘69‘);
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES (‘10‘, ‘4‘, ‘4‘, ‘75‘);
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES (‘11‘, ‘5‘, ‘4‘, ‘66.7‘);
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for student
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`s_id` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
`s_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`s_age` int(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`s_sex` char(1) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`s_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of student
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (‘1‘, ‘鲁班‘, ‘12‘, ‘男‘);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (‘2‘, ‘貂蝉‘, ‘20‘, ‘女‘);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (‘3‘, ‘刘备‘, ‘35‘, ‘男‘);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (‘4‘, ‘关羽‘, ‘34‘, ‘男‘);
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES (‘5‘, ‘张飞‘, ‘33‘, ‘女‘);
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for teacher
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`t_id` int(10) NOT NULL,
`t_name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`t_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of teacher
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES (‘1‘, ‘大王‘);
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES (‘2‘, ‘alex‘);
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES (‘3‘, ‘egon‘);
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES (‘4‘, ‘peiqi‘);
#7.2、统计各科各分数段人数.显示格式:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60]
select score.c_id,
course.c_name,
sum(CASE WHEN num BETWEEN 85 and 100 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as ‘[100-85]‘,
sum(CASE WHEN num BETWEEN 70 and 85 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as ‘[85-70]‘,
sum(CASE WHEN num BETWEEN 60 and 70 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as ‘[70-60]‘,
sum(CASE WHEN num < 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as ‘[ <60]‘
from score,course where score.c_id=course.c_id GROUP BY score.c_id;需要掌握函数：date_format
#1 基本使用
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(‘2009-10-04 22:23:00‘, ‘%W %M %Y‘);
-> ‘Sunday October 2009‘
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(‘2007-10-04 22:23:00‘, ‘%H:%i:%s‘);
-> ‘22:23:00‘
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(‘1900-10-04 22:23:00‘,
-> ‘%D %y %a %d %m %b %j‘);
-> ‘4th 00 Thu 04 10 Oct 277‘
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(‘1997-10-04 22:23:00‘,
-> ‘%H %k %I %r %T %S %w‘);
-> ‘22 22 10 10:23:00 PM 22:23:00 00 6‘
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(‘1999-01-01‘, ‘%X %V‘);
-> ‘1998 52‘
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT(‘2006-06-00‘, ‘%d‘);
-> ‘00‘
#2 准备表和记录
CREATE TABLE blog (
id INT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment,
NAME CHAR (32),
sub_time datetime
);
INSERT INTO blog (NAME, sub_time)
VALUES
(‘第1篇‘,‘2015-03-01 11:31:21‘),
(‘第2篇‘,‘2015-03-11 16:31:21‘),
(‘第3篇‘,‘2016-07-01 10:21:31‘),
(‘第4篇‘,‘2016-07-22 09:23:21‘),
(‘第5篇‘,‘2016-07-23 10:11:11‘),
(‘第6篇‘,‘2016-07-25 11:21:31‘),
(‘第7篇‘,‘2017-03-01 15:33:21‘),
(‘第8篇‘,‘2017-03-01 17:32:21‘),
(‘第9篇‘,‘2017-03-01 18:31:21‘);
#3. 提取sub_time字段的值，按照格式后的结果即"年月"来分组
SELECT DATE_FORMAT(sub_time,‘%Y-%m‘),COUNT(1) FROM blog GROUP BY DATE_FORMAT(sub_time,‘%Y-%m‘);
#结果
+-------------------------------+----------+
| DATE_FORMAT(sub_time,‘%Y-%m‘) | COUNT(1) |
+-------------------------------+----------+
| 2015-03 | 2 |
| 2016-07 | 4 |
| 2017-03 | 3 |
+-------------------------------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
*自定义函数(了解)
一 自定义函数
#！！！注意！！！
#函数中不要写sql语句（否则会报错），函数仅仅只是一个功能，是一个在sql中被应用的功能
#若要想在begin...end...中写sql，请用存储过程
delimiter //
create function f1(
i1 int,
i2 int)
returns int
BEGIN
declare num int;
set num = i1 + i2;
return(num);
END //
delimiter ;
delimiter //
create function f5(
i int
)
returns int
begin
declare res int default 0;
if i = 10 then
set res=100;
elseif i = 20 then
set res=200;
elseif i = 30 then
set res=300;
else
set res=400;
end if;
return res;
end //
delimiter ;
二 删除函数
drop function func_name;
三 执行函数
# 获取返回值
select UPPER(‘egon‘) into @res;
SELECT @res;
# 在查询中使用
select f1(11,nid) ,name from tb2;
数据库之函数
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