时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:5人阅读
从jdbc到spring-boot-starter-jdbc
JDBC是一种用于执行SQL语句的API,可以为多种关系数据库提供统一访问,它是由一组用Java语言编写的类和接口。是Java访问数据库的标准规范。
JDBC是Java提供的一种标准规范,具体的实现由各个数据库厂商去实现。对开发者来说屏蔽了不同数据库之间的区别,可以使用相同的方式(Java API)去操作不同的数据库。两个设备之间要进行通信需要驱动,不同数据库厂商对JDBC的实现类就是去连接数据库的驱动。如mysql-connector-java
连接mysql
数据库的驱动。
// mysql 数据库:“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”
Class.forName(driver);
Connection conn=DriverManager.getConnection(url,userName,password);
Statement statement =conn.createStatement();
ResultSet rs =statement.executeQuery(sql);
在使用JDBC进行数据库操作过程中,每次使用就要创建连接,同时使用完毕还必须得关闭连接,操作繁琐容易出错,并且Connection的取得和释放是代价比较高的操作。解决这个问题的方法就是连接池。连接池就是事先取得一定数量的Connection,程序执行处理的时候不是新建Connection,而是取得预先准备好的Connection。
提供连接池机能的技术叫做DataSource。DataSource是JDK提供一个标准接口在javax.sql.DataSource
包下。常见的DBCP、C3P0、druid等。
spring-boot-starter-jdbc
主要提供了三个功能,第一个就是对数据源的装配,第二个就是提供一个JdbcTemplate简化使用,第三个就是事务
package com.lucky.spring;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application implements CommandLineRunner {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);
@Autowired
DataSource dataSource;
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>服务启动执行");
showConnection();
}
private void showConnection() throws SQLException {
logger.info("dataSource:{}", dataSource.getClass().getName());
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
logger.info("connection:{}", connection.toString());
}
}
代码逻辑如下:
打印结果如下
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>服务启动执行
2020-07-12 07:38:42.076 INFO 8144 --- [ main] com.lucky.spring.Application : dataSource:com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
2020-07-12 07:38:42.077 INFO 8144 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2020-07-12 07:38:42.274 INFO 8144 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
2020-07-12 07:38:42.277 INFO 8144 --- [ main] com.lucky.spring.Application : connection:HikariProxyConnection@1366499339 wrapping com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@25c5e994
可以看到
当前的pom文件中仅仅配置了spring-boot-starter-jdbc和mysql数据库驱动
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在DataSourceAutoConfiguration
类的内部类PooledDataSourceConfiguration
标识了默认支持的数据源。
@Configuration
@Conditional({DataSourceAutoConfiguration.PooledDataSourceCondition.class})
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({DataSource.class, XADataSource.class})
@Import({Hikari.class, Tomcat.class, Dbcp2.class, Generic.class, DataSourceJmxConfiguration.class})
protected static class PooledDataSourceConfiguration {
protected PooledDataSourceConfiguration() {
}
}
默认支持Hikari、Tomcat、Dbcp2、Generic、DataSourceJmxConfiguration这五种数据源。从上面的数据源和连接信息的打印可以知道默认情况下Springboot装配的是Hikari数据源。
在DataSourceConfiguration
中Tomcat
数据源的实现如下
@ConditionalOnClass({org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource.class})
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({DataSource.class})
@ConditionalOnProperty(
name = {"spring.datasource.type"},
havingValue = "org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource",
matchIfMissing = true
)
static class Tomcat {
Tomcat() {
}
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(
prefix = "spring.datasource.tomcat"
)
public org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource dataSource(DataSourceProperties properties) {
org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource dataSource = (org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource)DataSourceConfiguration.createDataSource(properties, org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource.class);
DatabaseDriver databaseDriver = DatabaseDriver.fromJdbcUrl(properties.determineUrl());
String validationQuery = databaseDriver.getValidationQuery();
if (validationQuery != null) {
dataSource.setTestOnBorrow(true);
dataSource.setValidationQuery(validationQuery);
}
return dataSource;
}
}
让Springboot自动装配选择Tomcat的方式有两种
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--默认配置 start-->
<!--<dependency>-->
<!--<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>-->
<!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>-->
<!--</dependency>-->
<!--默认配置 end-->
<!--使用tomcat数据源 方式 start-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.zaxxer</groupId>
<artifactId>HikariCP</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--使用tomcat数据源 方式 end-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
打印信息如下:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>服务启动执行
2020-07-12 08:11:49.761 INFO 8469 --- [ main] com.lucky.spring.Application : dataSource:org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource
2020-07-12 08:11:50.058 INFO 8469 --- [ main] com.lucky.spring.Application : connection:ProxyConnection[PooledConnection[com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@4d6f197e]]
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--默认配置 start-->
<!--<dependency>-->
<!--<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>-->
<!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>-->
<!--</dependency>-->
<!--默认配置 end-->
<!--使用tomcat数据源 方式 start-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--使用tomcat数据源 方式 end-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/readinglist?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
username: root
password: 12345678
type: org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource
打印结果如下:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>服务启动执行
2020-07-12 08:15:51.746 INFO 8525 --- [ main] com.lucky.spring.Application : dataSource:org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource
2020-07-12 08:15:52.152 INFO 8525 --- [ main] com.lucky.spring.Application : connection:ProxyConnection[PooledConnection[com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@5173200b]]
对于Springboot默认支持的五种数据源,可以通过上面两种方式(一、排除默认数据源,添加使用的数据源;二、添加使用的数据源,使用配置文件指定使用的数据源) 进行选择使用数据源。如果是其他开源的数据源呢?比如阿里的druid数据源。也是有两种方式。
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.23</version>
</dependency>
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/readinglist?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
username: root
password: 12345678
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
打印结果如下:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>服务启动执行
2020-07-12 08:27:52.523 INFO 8813 --- [ main] com.lucky.spring.Application : dataSource:com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
2020-07-12 08:27:52.562 INFO 8813 --- [ main] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource : {dataSource-1} inited
2020-07-12 08:27:52.883 INFO 8813 --- [ main] com.lucky.spring.Application : connection:com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@3b0ca5e1
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.23</version>
</dependency>
package com.lucky.spring;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.EnvironmentAware;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application implements CommandLineRunner {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Application.class);
@Autowired
DataSource dataSource;
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>服务启动执行");
showConnection();
}
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/readinglist?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false");
dataSource.setUsername("root");
dataSource.setPassword("12345678");
return dataSource;
}
private void showConnection() throws SQLException {
logger.info("dataSource:{}", dataSource.getClass().getName());
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
logger.info("connection:{}", connection.toString());
}
}
打印结果如下:
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>服务启动执行
2020-07-12 08:37:09.898 INFO 9140 --- [ main] com.lucky.spring.Application : dataSource:com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
2020-07-12 08:37:09.951 INFO 9140 --- [ main] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource : {dataSource-1} inited
2020-07-12 08:37:10.314 INFO 9140 --- [ main] com.lucky.spring.Application : connection:com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@d400943
Spring对数据库的操作在jdbc上面做了深层次的封装。使用Spring的注入功能,可以把DataSource注册到JdbcTemplate之中。
Springboot中在需要使用事务的方法上面添加@Transactional
,需要注意的是,默认只会对运行时异常进行事务回滚,非运行时异常不会回滚事务。
Controller层定义了两个接口
@RestController
public class DataOperationController {
@Autowired
DataOpeService service;
@GetMapping("/api/queryData")
public String queryData() {
return service.queryData();
}
@PostMapping("/api/addData")
public String addData() {
try {
service.addData();
return "add data success";
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "add data fail";
}
}
}
Service通过JdbcTemplate执行sql
@Service
public class DataOpeServiceImpl implements DataOpeService {
private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DataOpeServiceImpl.class);
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate template;
@Override
public String queryData() {
String sql = "select * from t where id=1";
RowMapper<T> data = new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(T.class);
T t = template.queryForObject(sql, data);
return t.toString();
}
@Override
public String addData() {
List<T> data = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
T item = new T();
item.setA(i);
item.setB(i);
data.add(item);
}
for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
String sql = "insert into t(a,b) values (" + data.get(i).getA() + "," + data.get(i).getB() + ")";
logger.info("sql:{}", sql);
template.execute(sql);
}
return null;
}
}
修改代码,人为在添加第二条记录时抛出异常。
@Transactional
@Override
public String addData() {
List<T> data = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
T item = new T();
item.setA(i);
item.setB(i);
data.add(item);
}
for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
String sql = "insert into t(a,b) values (" + data.get(i).getA() + "," + data.get(i).getB() + ")";
logger.info("sql:{}", sql);
if (data.get(i).getA() == 1) {
throw new NullPointerException("人为抛出运行时异常异常");
}
template.execute(sql);
}
return null;
}
调用接口,发现事务生效,即发生运行时异常进行了代码回滚。
重新修改代码,人为抛出非运行时异常。
@Transactional
@Override
public String addData() throws Exception{
List<T> data = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
T item = new T();
item.setA(i);
item.setB(i);
data.add(item);
}
for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
String sql = "insert into t(a,b) values (" + data.get(i).getA() + "," + data.get(i).getB() + ")";
logger.info("sql:{}", sql);
if (data.get(i).getA() == 1) {
// throw new NullPointerException("人为抛出运行时异常异常");
throw new FileNotFoundException("人为抛出非运行时异常");
}
template.execute(sql);
}
return null;
}
调用接口,发现事务没有生效,即第一条数据插入到了数据库里。
如果要使得非运行时期异常也回滚,那么在使用@Transactional
注解时,指定rollbackFor属性。
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
@Override
public String addData() throws Exception{
List<T> data = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
T item = new T();
item.setA(i);
item.setB(i);
data.add(item);
}
for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
String sql = "insert into t(a,b) values (" + data.get(i).getA() + "," + data.get(i).getB() + ")";
logger.info("sql:{}", sql);
if (data.get(i).getA() == 1) {
// throw new NullPointerException("人为抛出运行时异常异常");
throw new FileNotFoundException("人为抛出非运行时异常");
}
template.execute(sql);
}
return null;
}
从jdbc到spring-boot-starter-jdbc
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