sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

操作系统版本 ：CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core)

Oracle Client：oracle-instantclient11.2

从官方网址下载这些安装包：

https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/instant-client/linux-x86-64-downloads.html

安装过程非常简单，如下所示：

# rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm 

# rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm 

# rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm 

定位这些包的安装路径：

# rpm -ql oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/bin/adrci

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/bin/genezi

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libnnz11.so

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libocci.so.11.1

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libociei.so

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libocijdbc11.so

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/ojdbc5.jar

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/ojdbc6.jar

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/xstreams.jar

# rpm -ql  oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm

/usr/bin/sqlplus64

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/bin/sqlplus

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/glogin.sql

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libsqlplus.so

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libsqlplusic.so

配置环境变量

# vi /etc/profile 增加下面配置

#Add by kerry

export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

执行下面的命令使配置生效

#source /etc/profile

添加动态库配置文件

# vi /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle.conf

/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib

~

执行命令

# ldconfig

关于ldconfig命令的用途介绍如下:

ldconfig是一个动态链接库管理命令。

为了让动态链接库为系统所共享,需运行动态链接库的管理命令

主要是在搜寻默认目录/lib和/usr/lib以及动态库配置文件/etc/ld.so.conf内所列的目录，搜索出可共享的动态链接库（格式如lib*.so*）,进而创建出动态装入程序(ld.so)所需的连接和缓存文件，缓存文件默认为/etc/ld.so.cache，此文件保存已排好序的动态链接库名字列表。linux下的共享库机制采用了类似高速缓存机制，将库信息保存在/etc/ld.so.cache，程序连接的时候首先从这个文件里查找，然后再到ld.so.conf的路径中查找。为了让动态链接库为系统所共享，需运行动态链接库的管理命令ldconfig，此执行程序存放在/sbin目录下。

也可以使用下面shell脚本进行配置

sh -c "echo /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle.conf";sudo ldconfig

验证测试时，sqlplus出现下面问题：

# sqlplus /nolog

sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

出现这个错误的可能情况非常多，例如，环境变量配置有问题，缺少依赖包等等。这里前面的环境变量配置正常，排查依赖的库是否有问题，发现libnsl.so.1找不到。

# ldd /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/bin/sqlplus

        linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffd0b7a5000)

        libsqlplus.so => /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libsqlplus.so (0x00007f927b563000)

        libclntsh.so.11.1 => /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1 (0x00007f9278bb3000)

        libnnz11.so => /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/libnnz11.so (0x00007f92787e6000)

        libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f92785e2000)

        libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f9278260000)

        libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f9278040000)

        libnsl.so.1 => not found

        libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f9277c7e000)

        libnsl.so.1 => not found

        libnsl.so.1 => not found

        libaio.so.1 => /lib64/libaio.so.1 (0x00007f9277a7b000)

        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f927b522000)

根据下面命令判断依赖的libnsl包没有安装。

# yum list installed | grep libnsl

# yum list | grep   libnsl

libnsl2.x86_64                                       1.2.0-2.20180605git4a062cf.el8                   @anaconda                 

libnsl.i686                                          2.28-101.el8                                     BaseOS                    

libnsl.x86_64                                        2.28-101.el8                                     BaseOS                    

libnsl2.i686                                         1.2.0-2.20180605git4a062cf.el8                   BaseOS      

# yum install libnsl.x86_64

安装缺失的依赖包后，测试验证问题解决。

# sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Jul 23 20:29:49 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> 

sqlplus: error while loading shared libraries: libnsl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

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