时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:50人阅读
1、添加数据库路由分配文件
在项目文件夹里创建‘database_router’文件。将下面的代码复制到该文件里。
from django.conf import settings DATABASE_MAPPING = settings.DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING class DatabaseAppsRouter(object): """ A router to control all database operations on models for different databases. In case an app is not set in settings.DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING, the router will fallback to the `default` database. Settings example: DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING = {'app1': 'db1', 'app2': 'db2'} """ def db_for_read(self, model, **hints): """"Point all read operations to the specific database.""" if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING: return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label] return None def db_for_write(self, model, **hints): """Point all write operations to the specific database.""" if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING: return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label] return None def allow_relation(self, obj1, obj2, **hints): """Allow any relation between apps that use the same database.""" db_obj1 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj1._meta.app_label) db_obj2 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj2._meta.app_label) if db_obj1 and db_obj2: if db_obj1 == db_obj2: return True else: return False return None def allow_syncdb(self, db, model): """Make sure that apps only appear in the related database."" if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values(): return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(model._meta.app_label) == db elif model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING: return False return None def allow_migrate(self, db, app_label, model=None, **hints): """ Make sure the auth app only appears in the 'auth_db' database. """ if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values(): return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(app_label) == db elif app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING: return False return None
2、在settings.py文件中配置多数据库
# Database # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'django_test', 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', 'USER': 'root', 'PASSWORD': '123456', 'PORT': '3306', }, #配置第二个数据库 'test': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'xsanjiaocheng', 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', 'USER': 'root', 'PASSWORD': '123456', 'PORT': '3306', } }
#设置数据库路由,将django_test改为你项目的名称。
DATABASE_ROUTERS = ['django_test.database_router.DatabaseAppsRouter']
#配置数据库与app的对应关系
DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING = { # example: # 'app_name':'database_name', # 'app01': 'test', 'app01': 'default', 'app02': 'test', }
3、在对应的app里的models.py文件里正常创建数据表即可(在创建表时尽量不要使用同样的表名)
app01中的models.py:
class django_test_1(models.Model): abc = models.CharField(max_length=20) class Meta: app_label='app01' app02中的models.py: class test_1(models.Model): tests= models.CharField(max_length=20)
4、生成迁移文件
和以前一样:python manage.py makemigrations
5、迁移数据库
迁移时需指定数据库名
python manage.py migrate database=test
如果针对已创建好的数据库创建对应的models.py文件不用生成迁移文件,直接执行“python manage.py inspectdb > app02/models.py --database=test”的命令即可。
6、操作数据库
1)手动选择数据库
django_test_1.objects.using('default').create(abc='hdajh')
2)自动选择数据库
和以前一样不加using()。
7、 配置urls.py
导入对应app的views.py的文件。最好命名个别名,或者给views.py文件重命名。
其他使用和以前一样。
以上就是python中django操作多数据库的方法(代码)的详细内容,更多请关注Gxl网其它相关文章!