Python两种错误类型的介绍

>>> while True print('Hello world')
  File "<stdin>", line 1while True print('Hello world')                   ^SyntaxError: invalid syntax

>>> 10 * (1/0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>ZeroDivisionError: division by zero>>> 4 + spam*3Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>NameError: name 'spam' is not defined>>> '2' + 2Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly

while True:try:
        x = int(input("Please enter a number: "))breakexcept ValueError:print("Oops!  That was no valid number.  Try again...")

... except (RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError):
...     pass

class B(Exception):passclass C(B):passclass D(C):passfor cls in [B, C, D]:try:raise cls()except D:print("D")except C:print("C")except B:print("B")

import systry:
    f = open('myfile.txt')
    s = f.readline()
    i = int(s.strip())except OSError as err:print("OS error: {0}".format(err))except ValueError:print("Could not convert data to an integer.")except:print("Unexpected error:", sys.exc_info()[0])raise

for arg in sys.argv[1:]:try:
        f = open(arg, 'r')except OSError:print('cannot open', arg)else:print(arg, 'has', len(f.readlines()), 'lines')
        f.close()

>>> try:
...     raise Exception('spam', 'eggs')
... except Exception as inst:
...     print(type(inst))    # the exception instance...     print(inst.args)     # arguments stored in .args...     print(inst)          # __str__ allows args to be printed directly,...                          # but may be overridden in exception subclasses...     x, y = inst.args     # unpack args...     print('x =', x)
...     print('y =', y)
...<class 'Exception'>('spam', 'eggs')
('spam', 'eggs')
x = spam
y = eggs

>>> def this_fails():
...     x = 1/0...>>> try:
...     this_fails()
... except ZeroDivisionError as err:
...     print('Handling run-time error:', err)
...
Handling run-time error: division by zero

>>> raise NameError('HiThere')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>NameError: HiThere

raise ValueError  # shorthand for 'raise ValueError()'

>>> try:
...     raise NameError('HiThere')
... except NameError:
...     print('An exception flew by!')
...     raise...
An exception flew by!Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>NameError: HiThere

class Error(Exception):"""Base class for exceptions in this module."""passclass InputError(Error):"""Exception raised for errors in the input.    Attributes:        expression -- input expression in which the error occurred        message -- explanation of the error    """def __init__(self, expression, message):self.expression = expressionself.message = messageclass TransitionError(Error):"""Raised when an operation attempts a state transition that's not    allowed.    Attributes:        previous -- state at beginning of transition        next -- attempted new state        message -- explanation of why the specific transition is not allowed    """def __init__(self, previous, next, message):self.previous = previousself.next = nextself.message = message

>>> try:
...     raise KeyboardInterrupt... finally:
...     print('Goodbye, world!')
...
Goodbye, world!KeyboardInterruptTraceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>

>>> def divide(x, y):
...     try:
...         result = x / y
...     except ZeroDivisionError:
...         print("division by zero!")
...     else:
...         print("result is", result)
...     finally:
...         print("executing finally clause")
...>>> divide(2, 1)
result is 2.0executing finally clause>>> divide(2, 0)
division by zero!executing finally clause>>> divide("2", "1")
executing finally clause
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 3, in divideTypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'str' and 'str'

for line in open("myfile.txt"):print(line, end="")

with open("myfile.txt") as f:for line in f:print(line, end="")