时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:103人阅读
前言
最近做了几个简单的爬虫python程序,于是就想做个窗口看看效果。
首先是,窗口的话,以前没怎么接触过,就先考虑用Qt制作简单的ui。这里用前面sinanews的爬虫脚本为例,制作一个获取当天sina头条新闻的窗口。
生成py文件后,运行该py文件,这里窗口我只是随便拖了几个组件进去,主要的text browser用于显示获取到的sinanews。
首先贴一下我的配置
官方下载:
PyQt5-5.2.1 for Py3.3(当安装完Python3.3后,安装对应PyQt,其会找到Python安装目录,不用更改安装目录)
本地下载:
PyQt5-5.2.1 for Py3.3(当安装完Python3.3后,安装对应PyQt,其会找到Python安装目录,不用更改安装目录)
Python3.3默认是没有安装pip的,需要下载get-pip.py运行之后,提示安装成功。
接下来就要安装一些必要的组件了。为了安装方便,先把pip添加进环境变量。
下面我们就可以用pip命令安装组件了。
先把sina_news.py贴出来,观察需要哪些组件。
import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup res = requests.get('http://news.sina.com.cn/china/') res.encoding = 'utf-8' soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser') for news in soup.select('.news-item'): if len(news.select('h2')) > 0: h2 = news.select('h2')[0].text a = news.select('a')[0]['href'] time = news.select('.time')[0].text print(time,h2,a)
发现import requests,import BeautifulSoup 所以先来安装这些组件
pip install requests pip install BeautifulSoup4
当我们把这段代码贴进窗口代码后:
x.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'x.ui' # # Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.8.1 # # WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost! import sys import requests from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets from bs4 import BeautifulSoup class Ui_x(object): def getNews(): res = requests.get('http://news.sina.com.cn/china/') res.encoding = 'utf-8' soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser') title = [] for news in soup.select('.news-item'): if len(news.select('h2')) > 0: h2 = news.select('h2')[0].text title.append(h2) a = news.select('a')[0]['href'] time = news.select('.time')[0].text return '\n'.join(title) def setupUi(self, x): x.setObjectName("x") x.resize(841, 749) self.timeEdit = QtWidgets.QTimeEdit(x) self.timeEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(310, 10, 141, 31)) self.timeEdit.setObjectName("timeEdit") self.dateEdit = QtWidgets.QDateEdit(x) self.dateEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(100, 10, 191, 31)) self.dateEdit.setObjectName("dateEdit") self.textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(x) self.textBrowser.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(60, 80, 701, 641)) self.textBrowser.setObjectName("textBrowser") self.retranslateUi(x) QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(x) def retranslateUi(self, x): _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate x.setWindowTitle(_translate("x", "x")) if __name__ == '__main__': app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv) Form = QtWidgets.QWidget() ui = Ui_x() ui.setupUi(Form) Form.show() ui.textBrowser.setText(Ui_x.getNews()) sys.exit(app.exec_())
如果前面顺利的话,现在用python运行x.py应该能看到显示的窗口。
下面就是打包的过程了,这里笔者用的Pyinstaller,没有安装的话,要安装一下:
pip install pyinstaller
安装完成后,cmd路径cd到x.py所在目录。
打包命令:
Pyinstaller -w x.py
此时,在x.py便生成dist文件夹,打包的x.exe就在此文件夹下。双击x.exe显示效果:
当然还有许多改进的地方,比如在上面选择日期,获得指定日期的头条新闻。
可能遇到的问题:
打开打包后的程序无法运行显示:
ImportError: No module named 'queue' During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: Traceback (most recent call last): File "test.py", line 2, in <module> File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "site-packages\requests\__init__.py", line 63, in <module> File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "site-packages\requests\utils.py", line 24, in <module> File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "site-packages\requests\_internal_utils.py", line 11, in <module> File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "site-packages\requests\compat.py", line 11, in <module> File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module exec(bytecode, module.__dict__) File "site-packages\requests\packages\__init__.py", line 29, in <module> ImportError: No module named 'urllib3' Failed to execute script test
当然这个错误代码,当时我没有保留,这是版本不匹配造成的:
我的Pyinstaller为3.2
需要降低requests的版本,requests2.10可以成功打包,而2.11就不行。这里贴上解决此问题用到的requests2.10不知道以后会不会修复这个问题。这个bug昨天做梦我还梦到呢。今天早上起来就解决了,兴奋的受不了。希望在此过程中遇到的问题对你会有所帮助。
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