时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:6人阅读
条件循环控制语句。一般需要和break一起使用,不然会进入死循环。
格式:【 while <条件>:
<内容>
break 】
- x=int(input('请输入一个数字:'))
- while x>0:
- print('正数')
- break
2.if语句
流程分支的条件控制,一般和elif和else使用。
- x=int(input('请输入一个数字:'))
- if x<0:
- print('负数')
- elif x==0:
- print('零')
- else :
- print('正数')
3.for语句
循环控制语句,可用来遍历某一对象,和in一起使用。
格式: 【 for <> in <对象集合>:】
- x=['a','b','c','d']for i in x :
- # i 位置的字符,只要不是关键字,可以随意用字符代表
- print(i)
4.range()函数
数字序列迭代器,当你迭代它时,它是一个能够像期望的序列返回连续项的对象,但为了节省空间,它并不真正构造列表。
格式: range(stop) 给出结束数值,开始数值默认为0,间隔为1。
range(start,stop) 给出开始数值和结束数值,间隔为1。
range(start,stop,step) 给出开始数值和结束数值,间隔为step数值。
- class range(object):
- """
- range(stop) -> range object
- range(start, stop[, step]) -> range object
- Return an object that produces a sequence of integers from start (inclusive)
- to stop (exclusive) by step. range(i, j) produces i, i+1, i+2, ..., j-1.
- start defaults to 0, and stop is omitted! range(4) produces 0, 1, 2, 3.
- These are exactly the valid indices for a list of 4 elements.
- When step is given, it specifies the increment (or decrement).
- """
- def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from doc
- """ rangeobject.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
- return 0
- def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from doc
- """
- rangeobject.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return index of value.
- Raise ValueError if the value is not present.
- """
- return 0
- def contains(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return key in self. """
- pass
- def eq(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return self==value. """
- pass
- def getattribute(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return getattr(self, name). """
- pass
- def getitem(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return self[key]. """
- pass
- def ge(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return self>=value. """
- pass
- def gt(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return self>value. """
- pass
- def hash(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return hash(self). """
- pass
- def init(self, stop): # real signature unknown; restored from doc
- pass
- def iter(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Implement iter(self). """
- pass
- def len(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return len(self). """
- pass
- def le(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return self<=value. """
- pass
- def lt(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return self<value. """
- pass
- @staticmethod # known case of new
- def new(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. """
- pass
- def ne(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return self!=value. """
- pass
- def reduce(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- pass
- def repr(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return repr(self). """
- pass
- def reversed(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
- """ Return a reverse iterator. """
- pass
- start = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
- step = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
- stop = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None) # default
结果为0,1,2 print(i) for i in range(0,5): #运行结果为0,1,2,3,4 print(i) for i in range(-2,10,2): #运行结果为-2,0,2,4,6,8 print(i)
- for i in range(3): #运行
5.break和continue语句,以及循环中的else语句
1)break语句和 C 中的类似,用于跳出最近的一级 for 或 while 循环。
- while True:
- print('hello')
- break
2)continue语句表示循环继续执行下一次迭代:
- for x in range(1, 4):
- print(x, 'for语句')
- continue
- print(x, 'continue语句后')
- else:
- print(x, 'else语句')
- #运行结果
- for语句
- for语句
- for语句
- else语句
3)循环中的else
如continue的例子里,有for-else语句,else语句会在循环跳出后执行,但是break跳出循环则不会执行else,所以else可以用来处理循环中的一些异常跳出。
- for x in range(1, 4):
- print(x)
- else:
- print(x)
- #运行结果
- 2
- 3
6.pass语句
pass语句什么也不做。它用于那些语法上必须要有什么语句,但程序什么也不做的场合,通常用于创建最小结构的类。
另一方面,pass可以在创建新代码时用来做函数或控制体的占位符。可以让你在更抽象的级别上思考。
- class EmptyClass:
- pass
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