时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:63人阅读
模块初识:
#logging初识 import logging logging.warning("user [James] attempted wrong password more than 3 times") logging.critical("server is down") # WARNING:root:user [James] attempted wrong password more than 3 times # CRITICAL:root:server is down
上面的代码是最简单的方式,括号里的内容为打印的信息,logging.后的方法为日志的级别,下面看看logging五个级别的详细信息
如果想把日志写到文件里,也很简单:
#日志打印到文件中 import logging logging.basicConfig(filename="example.log",level=logging.INFO, format="%(asctime)s %(message)s", datefmt="%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S [%A]") # H 24小时格式 I 12小时格式 A 周几完整 a 周几简写 p AM/PM logging.debug("This message should go to the log file") logging.info("So should this") logging.warning("And this ,too")
logging.basicConfig里定义了输入文件路径,输入日志信息的级别,输入的格式,格式可自定义;执行完代码后example.log文件会生成信息如下:
10/31/2016 17:16:17 [Monday] So should this 10/31/2016 17:16:17 [Monday] And this ,too
其中下面这句中的level=loggin.INFO意思是,把日志纪录级别设置为INFO,也就是说,只有比日志是INFO或比INFO级别更高的日志才会被纪录到文件里,在这个例子, 第一条日志是不会被纪录的,如果希望纪录debug的日志,那把日志级别改成DEBUG就行了
如果想同时把log打印在屏幕和文件日志里,就需要了解一点复杂的知识了:
The logging library takes a modular approach and offers several categories of components: loggers, handlers, filters, and formatters.
Loggers expose the interface that application code directly uses.
Handlers send the log records (created by loggers) to the appropriate destination.
Filters provide a finer grained facility for determining which log records to output.
Formatters specify the layout of log records in the final output.
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- #-Author-Lian import logging #创建logger logger = logging.getLogger("test_log") #创建logger对象 括号内容随便写 logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) #全局日志级别 ch = logging.StreamHandler() #日志打印到屏幕上 ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) #指定ch日志打印级别 fh = logging.FileHandler("access.log") #日志存进文件 fh.setLevel(logging.WARNING) #指定fh日志输入级别 formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s") #定义日志格式,可写多个 #添加日志格式到ch,fh ch.setFormatter(formatter) fh.setFormatter(formatter) #添加ch,fh到logger中 logger.addHandler(ch) logger.addHandler(fh) logger.debug('debug message') logger.info('info message') logger.warn('warn message') logger.error('error message') logger.critical('critical message')
全局日志级别为整个程序的底线,局部日志级别要想打印则不能比这个级别再低了
屏幕打印信息
2016-10-31 17:23:42,988 - test_log - INFO - info message 2016-10-31 17:23:42,988 - test_log - WARNING - warn message 2016-10-31 17:23:42,988 - test_log - ERROR - error message 2016-10-31 17:23:42,988 - test_log - CRITICAL - critical message
access.log:
2016-10-31 17:02:06,223 - test_log - WARNING - warn message 2016-10-31 17:02:06,224 - test_log - ERROR - error message 2016-10-31 17:02:06,224 - test_log - CRITICAL - critical message
日志所有的格式:
重要的几个格式:%(lineno)d 输出打印日志代码行 ,%(process)d输出打印日志的进程ID ,%(thread)d输出打印日志的线程ID