时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:75人阅读
模块提供三个类来处理一对一映射类型的一些操作
'bidict', 'inverted', 'namedbidict'
- >>> import bidict
- >>> dir(bidict)
- ['MutableMapping', '_LEGALNAMEPAT', '_LEGALNAMERE', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', 'bidict', 'inverted', 'namedbidict', 're', 'wraps']
1.bidict类:
- >>> from bidict import bidict
- >>> D=bidict({'a':'b'})
- >>> D['a']
- 'b'
- >>> D[:'b']
- 'a'
- >>> ~D #反转字典
- bidict({'b': 'a'})
- >>> dict(D) #转为普通字典
- {'a': 'b'}
- >>> D['c']='c' #添加元素,普通字典的方法都可以用
- >>> D
- bidict({'a': 'b', 'c': 'c'})
2.inverted类,反转字典的键值
- >>> seq = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three')]
- >>> list(inverted(seq))
- [('one', 1), ('two', 2), ('three', 3)]
3.namedbidict(mapname, fwdname, invname):
- >>> CoupleMap = namedbidict('CoupleMap', 'husbands', 'wives')
- >>> famous = CoupleMap({'bill': 'hillary'})
- >>> famous.husbands['bill']
- 'hillary'
- >>> famous.wives['hillary']
- 'bill'
- >>> famous.husbands['barack'] = 'michelle'
- >>> del famous.wives['hillary']
- >>> famous
- CoupleMap({'barack': 'michelle'})
更多内容
如果你不喜欢冒号的方式,可以使用namedbidict类给双向字典起2个别名。这样对外会提供正向和逆向的2个子字典。实际上还是以一个双向 字典的形式存在:
- >>> HTMLEntities = namedbidict('HTMLEntities', 'names', 'codepoints')
- >>> entities = HTMLEntities({'lt': 60, 'gt': 62, 'amp': 38}) # etc
- >>> entities.names['lt']
- 60
- >>> entities.codepoints[38]
- 'amp'
还可以使用一元的逆运算符"~"获取bidict逆映射字典。
- >>> import bidict
- >>> from bidict import bidict
- >>> husbands2wives = bidict({'john': 'jackie'})
- >>> ~husbands2wives
- bidict({'jackie': 'john'})
以下情况注意添加括号,因为~的优先级低于中括号:
- >>> import bidict
- >>> from bidict import bidict
- >>> husbands2wives = bidict({'john': 'jackie'})
- >>> ~husbands2wives
- bidict({'jackie': 'john'})
以下情况注意添加括号,因为~的优先级低于中括号:
- >>> (~bi)['one']
- 1
bidict不是dict的子类,但它的API的是dict的超集(但没有fromkeys方法,改用了MutableMapping接 口)。
迭代器类inverted会翻转key和value,如:
- >>> seq = [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (3, 'three')]
- >>> list(inverted(seq))
- [('one', 1), ('two', 2), ('three', 3)]
bidict的invert()方法和inverted类似。依赖模块:collections中的MutableMapping,functools中的wraps,re。
bidict可以和字典进行比较
- >>> bi == bidict({1:'one'})
- >>> bi == dict([(1, 'one')])
- True
其他字典通用的方法,bidict也支持:
- >>> bi.get('one')
- 1
- >>> bi.setdefault('one', 2)
- 1
- >>> bi.setdefault('two', 2)
- 2
- >>> len(bi) # calls __len__
- 2
- >>> bi.pop('one')
- 1
- >>> bi.popitem()
- ('two', 2)
- >>> bi.inv.setdefault(3, 'three')
- 'three'
- >>> bi
- bidict({'three': 3})
- >>> [key for key in bi] # calls __iter__, returns keys like dict
- ['three']
- >>> 'three' in bi # calls __contains__
- True
- >>> list(bi.keys())
- ['three']
- >>> list(bi.values())
- [3]
- >>> bi.update([('four', 4)])
- >>> bi.update({'five': 5}, six=6, seven=7)
- >>> sorted(bi.items(), key=lambda x: x[1])
- [('three', 3), ('four', 4), ('five', 5), ('six', 6), ('seven', 7)]