时间：2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过：18人阅读
在工作项目中，会遇到一些php并发访问去修改一个数据问题，如果这个数据不加锁，就会造成数据的错误。下面我将分析一个财务支付锁的问题。希望对大家有所帮助。
1 没有应用锁机制
1.1 财务支付简化版本代码
<!--?php
/**
* pay.php
*
* 支付没有应用锁
*
* Copy right (c) 2016
*
* modification history:
* --------------------
* 2016/9/10, by CleverCode, Create
*
*/
//用户支付
function pay($userId,$money)
{
if(false == is_int($userId) || false == is_int($money))
{
return false;
}
//取出总额
$total = getUserLeftMoney($userId);
//花费大于剩余
if($money --> $total)
{
return false;
}
//余额
$left = $total - $money;
//更新余额
return setUserLeftMoney($userId,$left);
}
//取出用户的余额
function getUserLeftMoney($userId)
{
if(false == is_int($userId))
{
return 0;
}
$sql = "select account form user_account where userid = ${userId}";
//$mysql = new mysql();//mysql数据库
return $mysql->query($sql);
}
//更新用户余额
function setUserLeftMoney($userId,$money)
{
if(false == is_int($userId) || false == is_int($money))
{
return false;
}
$sql = "update user_account set account = ${money} where userid = ${userId}";
//$mysql = new mysql();//mysql数据库
return $mysql->execute($sql);
}
?>
1.2 问题分析
如果有两个操作人(p和m)，都用用户编号100账户,分别在pc和手机端同时登陆，100账户总余额有1000，p操作人花200，m操作人花300。并发过程如下。
p操作人：
m操作人：
两次支付后，账户的余额居然还有700，应该的情况是花费了500，账户余额500才对。造成这个现象的根本原因，是并发的时候，p和m同时操作取到的余额数据都是1000。
2 加锁设计
锁的操作一般只有两步，一 获取锁(getLock)；二是释放锁(releaseLock)。但现实锁的方式有很多种，可以是文件方式实现；sql实现；Memcache实现；根据这种场景我们考虑使用策略模式。
2.1 类图设计如下
2.2 php源码设计如下
LockSystem.php
<!--?php
/**
* LockSystem.php
*
* php锁机制
*
* Copy right (c) 2016
*
* modification history:
* --------------------
* 2016/9/10, by CleverCode, Create
*
*/
class LockSystem
{
const LOCK_TYPE_DB = 'SQLLock';
const LOCK_TYPE_FILE = 'FileLock';
const LOCK_TYPE_MEMCACHE = 'MemcacheLock';
private $_lock = null;
private static $_supportLocks = array('FileLock', 'SQLLock', 'MemcacheLock');
public function __construct($type, $options = array())
{
if(false == empty($type))
{
$this--->createLock($type, $options);
}
}
public function createLock($type, $options=array())
{
if (false == in_array($type, self::$_supportLocks))
{
throw new Exception("not support lock of ${type}");
}
$this->_lock = new $type($options);
}
public function getLock($key, $timeout = ILock::EXPIRE)
{
if (false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock)
{
throw new Exception('false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock');
}
$this->_lock->getLock($key, $timeout);
}
public function releaseLock($key)
{
if (false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock)
{
throw new Exception('false == $this->_lock instanceof ILock');
}
$this->_lock->releaseLock($key);
}
}
interface ILock
{
const EXPIRE = 5;
public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE);
public function releaseLock($key);
}
class FileLock implements ILock
{
private $_fp;
private $_single;
public function __construct($options)
{
if (isset($options['path']) && is_dir($options['path']))
{
$this->_lockPath = $options['path'].'/';
}
else
{
$this->_lockPath = '/tmp/';
}
$this->_single = isset($options['single'])?$options['single']:false;
}
public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE)
{
$startTime = Timer::getTimeStamp();
$file = md5(__FILE__.$key);
$this->fp = fopen($this->_lockPath.$file.'.lock', "w+");
if (true || $this->_single)
{
$op = LOCK_EX + LOCK_NB;
}
else
{
$op = LOCK_EX;
}
if (false == flock($this->fp, $op, $a))
{
throw new Exception('failed');
}
return true;
}
public function releaseLock($key)
{
flock($this->fp, LOCK_UN);
fclose($this->fp);
}
}
class SQLLock implements ILock
{
public function __construct($options)
{
$this->_db = new mysql();
}
public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE)
{
$sql = "SELECT GET_LOCK('".$key."', '".$timeout."')";
$res = $this->_db->query($sql);
return $res;
}
public function releaseLock($key)
{
$sql = "SELECT RELEASE_LOCK('".$key."')";
return $this->_db->query($sql);
}
}
class MemcacheLock implements ILock
{
public function __construct($options)
{
$this->memcache = new Memcache();
}
public function getLock($key, $timeout=self::EXPIRE)
{
$waitime = 20000;
$totalWaitime = 0;
$time = $timeout*1000000;
while ($totalWaitime < $time && false == $this->memcache->add($key, 1, $timeout))
{
usleep($waitime);
$totalWaitime += $waitime;
}
if ($totalWaitime >= $time)
throw new Exception('can not get lock for waiting '.$timeout.'s.');
}
public function releaseLock($key)
{
$this->memcache->delete($key);
}
}
3 应用锁机制
3.1 支付系统应用锁
<!--?php
/**
* pay.php
*
* 支付应用锁
*
* Copy right (c) 2016
*
* modification history:
* --------------------
* 2016/9/10, by CleverCode, Create
*
*/
//用户支付
function pay($userId,$money)
{
if(false == is_int($userId) || false == is_int($money))
{
return false;
}
try
{
//创建锁(推荐使用MemcacheLock)
$lockSystem = new LockSystem(LockSystem::LOCK_TYPE_MEMCACHE);
//获取锁
$lockKey = 'pay'.$userId;
$lockSystem--->getLock($lockKey,8);
//取出总额
$total = getUserLeftMoney($userId);
//花费大于剩余
if($money > $total)
{
$ret = false;
}
else
{
//余额
$left = $total - $money;
//更新余额
$ret = setUserLeftMoney($userId,$left);
}
//释放锁
$lockSystem->releaseLock($lockKey);
}
catch (Exception $e)
{
//释放锁
$lockSystem->releaseLock($lockKey);
}
}
//取出用户的余额
function getUserLeftMoney($userId)
{
if(false == is_int($userId))
{
return 0;
}
$sql = "select account form user_account where userid = ${userId}";
//$mysql = new mysql();//mysql数据库
return $mysql->query($sql);
}
//更新用户余额
function setUserLeftMoney($userId,$money)
{
if(false == is_int($userId) || false == is_int($money))
{
return false;
}
$sql = "update user_account set account = ${money} where userid = ${userId}";
//$mysql = new mysql();//mysql数据库
return $mysql->execute($sql);
}
?>
3.2 锁分析
p操作人：
m操作人：
两次支付后，余额500。非常完美了解决了并发造成的临界区资源的访问问题。
感谢阅读，希望能帮助到大家，谢谢大家对本站的支持！