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Mysql-主多从和读写分离配置的代码示例简介

时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:22人阅读

近期开发的系统中使用MySql作为数据库,由于数据涉及到Money,所以不得不慎重。同时,用户对最大访问量也提出了要求。为了避免Mysql成为性能瓶颈并具备很好的容错能力,特此实现主从热备和读写分离。在此简做纪要,以备日后所用!

一、配置主从

条件:两台PC,IP分别为192.168.168.253,192.168.168.251。两台PC上的Mysql版本为5.0。253上的Mysql为Master,251上的Mysql为Slave。

1、主数据库服务器配置

进入主数据库服务器安装目录,打开my.ini,在文件末尾增加如下配置:

#数据库ID号, 为1时表示为Master,其中master_id必须为1到232–1之间的一个正整数值; 
server-id = 1
#启用二进制日志;
log-bin=mysql-bin
#需要同步的二进制数据库名;
binlog-do-db=minishop
#不同步的二进制数据库名,如果不设置可以将其注释掉;
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=personalsite
binlog-ignore-db=test
#设定生成的log文件名;
log-bin="D:/Database/materlog"
#把更新的记录写到二进制文件中;
log-slave-updates

保存文件。重启Mysql服务。

进入从数据库服务器安装目录,打开my.ini,在文件末尾增加如下配置:

#如果需要增加Slave库则,此id往后顺延;
server-id = 2  
log-bin=mysql-bin
#主库host
master-host = 192.168.168.253
#在主数据库服务器中建立的用于该从服务器备份使用的用户
master-user = forslave
master-password = ******
master-port = 3306
#如果发现主服务器断线,重新连接的时间差;
master-connect-retry=60
#不需要备份的数据库; 
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
#需要备份的数据库
replicate-do-db=minishop
log-slave-update

保存文件。重启Mysql服务。

进入主数据库服务器,创建上面备份使用的用户名和密码,同时授权replication slave,super和reload

mysql>grant replication slave,super,reload on minishop.* to forslave@192.168.168.251 identified by '******';

进入从数据库服务器,启动Slave。

mysql>slave start;

mysql>show slave status\G;

测试:进入主数据库服务器,在Minishop中某张表中插入一条数据,然后到从数据库服务器中查看是否含有刚刚插入的数据。完毕!

备注:1)运行配置后的主数据库服务器先于从数据库服务器,这样运行从数据库服务器时,主库的 File 和 Position 与 从库的上设置Master_Log_File、Read_Master_Log_Pos 就会一致。否则,可能出现不一致的情况。这也可以通过命令调整。

2)如果发现主从复制失败时,可以先关闭从数据库服务器,然后删除从数据库服务器中data目录下relay-log.info,hosname-relay-bin*,master.info等文件,重启从服务器。

二、读写分离配置

本想采用Mysql Proxy来实现读写分离,奈何其使用的lua脚本着实让人头痛,最后决定采用国人开发的开源数据库代理中间件Amoeba。使用Amoeba,只需要简单的xml配置,就可以很容易地实现读写分离。

Amoeba处于应用程序和数据库服务器之间,充当一个中间代理层。其支持负载均衡、高可用性、Query过滤、读写分离、可路由相关的query到目标数据库、可并发请求多台数据库合并结果。功能很强大。

Amoeba默认的端口为8066,实现了Mysql协议。应用程序中只需要修改一个数据库连接就可以实现采用Amoeba来代理数据库访问。比如:java应用中,假如你原来的jdbc连接字符串为:jdbc:mysql://192.168.168.42:3306/minishop,那么现在,你想使用Amoeba作为数据库访问代理,则只需要将上面连接字符串改为如下(假如Amoeba所在机子IP为192.168.168.88):jdbc:mysql://192.168.168.88:8066/minishop。Amoeba透明性做的很赞。

主要还是配置Amoeda,但是配置也是相当的简单。基本只需要配置两个文件:conf\dbServers.xml和conf\amoeba.xml。配置中各项的含义,可以参考amoeda中文指南,这里不做过多解释。仅记录下配置。

dbServers.xml主要配置

<amoeba:dbServers xmlns:amoeba="http://amoeba.meidusa.com/">

		<!-- 
			Each dbServer needs to be configured into a Pool,
			If you need to configure multiple dbServer with load balancing that can be simplified by the following configuration:
			 add attribute with name virtual = "true" in dbServer, but the configuration does not allow the element with name factoryConfig
			 such as 'multiPool' dbServer   
		-->
		
	<dbServer name="abstractServer" abstractive="true">
		<factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
			<property name="manager">${defaultManager}</property>
			<property name="sendBufferSize">64</property>
			<property name="receiveBufferSize">128</property>
				
			<!-- mysql port -->
			<property name="port">3306</property>
			
			<!-- mysql schema -->
			<property name="schema">minishop</property>
			
			<!-- mysql user -->
			<property name="user">chenjie</property>
			
			<!--  mysql password -->
			<property name="password">chenjie</property>

		</factoryConfig>

		<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.poolable.PoolableObjectPool">
			<property name="maxActive">500</property>
			<property name="maxIdle">500</property>
			<property name="minIdle">10</property>
			<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis">600000</property>
			<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis">600000</property>
			<property name="testOnBorrow">true</property>
			<property name="testWhileIdle">true</property>
		</poolConfig>
	</dbServer>

	<dbServer name="master"  parent="abstractServer">
		<factoryConfig>
			<!-- mysql ip -->
			<property name="ipAddress">192.168.168.253</property>
		</factoryConfig>
	</dbServer>

	<dbServer name="slave1"  parent="abstractServer">
		<factoryConfig>
			<!-- mysql ip -->
			<property name="ipAddress">192.168.168.119</property>
		</factoryConfig>
	</dbServer>

	<dbServer name="slave2"  parent="abstractServer">
		<factoryConfig>
			<!-- mysql ip -->
			<property name="ipAddress">192.168.168.251</property>

		</factoryConfig>
	</dbServer>
	
	<dbServer name="multiPool" virtual="true">
		<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool">
			<!-- Load balancing strategy: 1=ROUNDROBIN , 2=WEIGHTBASED , 3=HA-->
			<property name="loadbalance">1</property>
			
			<!-- Separated by commas,such as: server1,server2,server1 -->
			<property name="poolNames">slave1,slave2</property>
		</poolConfig>
	</dbServer>
		
</amoeba:dbServers>


amoeba.xml配置:

<amoeba:configuration xmlns:amoeba="http://amoeba.meidusa.com/">

	<proxy>
	
		<!-- service class must implements com.meidusa.amoeba.service.Service -->
		<service name="Amoeba for Mysql" class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.ServerableConnectionManager">
			<!-- port -->
			<property name="port">8066</property>
			
			<!-- bind ipAddress -->

			<property name="ipAddress">192.168.168.253</property>

			
			<property name="manager">${clientConnectioneManager}</property>
			
			<property name="connectionFactory">
				<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlClientConnectionFactory">
					<property name="sendBufferSize">128</property>
					<property name="receiveBufferSize">64</property>
				</bean>
			</property>
			
			<property name="authenticator">
				<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MysqlClientAuthenticator">
					
					<property name="user">chenjie</property>
					
					<property name="password">chenjie</property>
					
					<property name="filter">
						<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.IPAccessController">
							<property name="ipFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/access_list.conf</property>
						</bean>
					</property>
				</bean>
			</property>
			
		</service>
		
		<!-- server class must implements com.meidusa.amoeba.service.Service -->
		<service name="Amoeba Monitor Server" class="com.meidusa.amoeba.monitor.MonitorServer">
			<!-- port -->
			<!--  default value: random number
			<property name="port">9066</property>
			-->
			<!-- bind ipAddress -->
			<property name="ipAddress">127.0.0.1</property>
			<property name="daemon">true</property>
			<property name="manager">${clientConnectioneManager}</property>
			<property name="connectionFactory">
				<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.monitor.net.MonitorClientConnectionFactory"></bean>
			</property>
			
		</service>
		
		<runtime class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.context.MysqlRuntimeContext">
			<!-- proxy server net IO Read thread size -->
			<property name="readThreadPoolSize">20</property>
			
			<!-- proxy server client process thread size -->
			<property name="clientSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
			
			<!-- mysql server data packet process thread size -->
			<property name="serverSideThreadPoolSize">30</property>
			
			<!-- per connection cache prepared statement size  -->
			<property name="statementCacheSize">500</property>
			
			<!-- query timeout( default: 60 second , TimeUnit:second) -->
			<property name="queryTimeout">60</property>
		</runtime>
		
	</proxy>
	
	<!-- 
		Each ConnectionManager will start as thread
		manager responsible for the Connection IO read , Death Detection
	-->
	<connectionManagerList>
		<connectionManager name="clientConnectioneManager" class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.MultiConnectionManagerWrapper">
			<property name="subManagerClassName">com.meidusa.amoeba.net.ConnectionManager</property>
			<!-- 
			  default value is avaliable Processors 
			<property name="processors">5</property>
			 -->
		</connectionManager>
		<connectionManager name="defaultManager" class="com.meidusa.amoeba.net.MultiConnectionManagerWrapper">
			<property name="subManagerClassName">com.meidusa.amoeba.net.AuthingableConnectionManager</property>
			
			<!-- 
			  default value is avaliable Processors 
			<property name="processors">5</property>
			 -->
		</connectionManager>
	</connectionManagerList>
	
		<!-- default using file loader -->
	<dbServerLoader class="com.meidusa.amoeba.context.DBServerConfigFileLoader">
		<property name="configFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/dbServers.xml</property>
	</dbServerLoader>
	
	<queryRouter class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.parser.MysqlQueryRouter">
		<property name="ruleLoader">
			<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.route.TableRuleFileLoader">
				<property name="ruleFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/rule.xml</property>
				<property name="functionFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/ruleFunctionMap.xml</property>
			</bean>
		</property>
		<property name="sqlFunctionFile">${amoeba.home}/conf/functionMap.xml</property>
		<property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>

		<property name="defaultPool">master</property>
		

		<property name="writePool">master</property>
		<property name="readPool">multiPool</property>

		<property name="needParse">true</property>
	</queryRouter>
</amoeba:configuration>


至此,Mysql主从热备和读写分离配置完毕。但是,具体应用到生产环境究竟如何,还有待测试和考察。后来测试一主多从,又加入了一台Mysql从数据库服务器,这就是为什么上面amoeba配置中多了一个IP为119的原因。

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