时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:83人阅读
对于多次执行的语句,预处理执行比直接执行快,主要原因在于,仅对查询执行一次解析操作。在直接执行的情况下,每次执行语句时,均将进行查询。此外,由于每次执行预处理语句时仅需发送参数的数据,从而减少了网络通信量。
预处理语句的另一个优点是,它采用了二进制协议,从而使得客户端和服务器之间的数据传输更有效率。
类似于Oracle里面的占位符概念!!
一般步骤:
用mysql_stmt_init()创建预处理语句句柄。要想在服务器上准备预处理语句,可调用mysql_stmt_prepare(),并为其传递包含SQL语句的字符串 如果语句生成了结果集,调用mysql_stmt_result_metadata()以获得结果集元数据。虽然与包含查询返回列的结果集不同,该元数据本身也采用了结果集的形式。元数据结果集指明了结果中包含多少列,并包含每一列的信息。 使用mysql_stmt_bind_param()设置任何参数的值。必须设置所有参数。否则,语句执行将返回错误,或生成无法预料的结果。 调用mysql_stmt_execute()执行语句。 如果语句生成了结果集,捆绑数据缓冲,通过调用mysql_stmt_bind_result(),检索行值。 通过重复调用mysql_stmt_fetch(),按行将数据提取到缓冲区,直至未发现更多行为止。 通过更改参数值并再次执行语句,重复步骤3到步骤6。
具体看代码
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <dlfcn.h> #include <mysql/mysql.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <errno.h> #include <termios.h> #include <mysql/mysql.h> #include <termios.h> #define STRING_SIZE 50 #define DROP_SAMPLE_TABLE "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_table" #define CREATE_SAMPLE_TABLE "CREATE TABLE test_table(col1 INT,\ col2 VARCHAR(40),\ col3 SMALLINT,\ col4 TIMESTAMP)" #define INSERT_SAMPLE "INSERT INTO test_table(col1,col2,col3) VALUES(?,?,?)" int main(int arg, char *args[]) { int ret = 0, i=0; MYSQL *mysql; MYSQL *connect; MYSQL_RES *result; MYSQL_ROW row; MYSQL_FIELD *fields; unsigned int num_fields; //if (arg < 4) //{ // printf("please enter: %s localhost user password dbname\n", args[0]); // return -1; //} mysql = mysql_init(NULL); //连接到mysql server //connect = mysql_real_connect(mysql, args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4],0, 0, 0); //connect = mysql_real_connect(mysql, "localhost", "root", a, args[4],0, 0, 0); connect = mysql_real_connect(mysql, "localhost", "root", "123456", "mydb2", 0, NULL, 0 ); if (connect == NULL) { printf("connect error, %s\n", mysql_error(mysql)); return -1; } ret = mysql_query(connect, "SET NAMES utf8"); //设置字符集为UTF8 if (ret != 0) { printf("设置字符集错误, %s\n", mysql_error(mysql)); return ret; } MYSQL_STMT *stmt; MYSQL_BIND bind[3]; my_ulonglong affected_rows; int param_count; short small_data; int int_data; char str_data[STRING_SIZE]; unsigned long str_length; my_bool is_null; if (mysql_query(mysql, DROP_SAMPLE_TABLE)) { fprintf(stderr, " DROP TABLE failed\n"); fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_error(mysql)); exit(0); } if (mysql_query(mysql, CREATE_SAMPLE_TABLE)) { fprintf(stderr, " CREATE TABLE failed\n"); fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_error(mysql)); exit(0); } /* Prepare an INSERT query with 3 parameters */ /* (the TIMESTAMP column is not named; the server */ /* sets it to the current date and time) */ stmt = mysql_stmt_init(mysql); //初始化 预处理环境 生成一个预处理句柄 if (!stmt) { fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_init(), out of memory\n"); exit(0); } if (mysql_stmt_prepare(stmt, INSERT_SAMPLE, strlen(INSERT_SAMPLE))) //预处理环境中 准备sql { fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_prepare(), INSERT failed\n"); fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt)); exit(0); } fprintf(stdout, " prepare, INSERT successful\n"); /* Get the parameter count from the statement */ param_count= mysql_stmt_param_count(stmt); //预处理环境中 求绑定变量的个数 fprintf(stdout, " total parameters in INSERT: %d\n", param_count); if (param_count != 3) /* validate parameter count */ { fprintf(stderr, " invalid parameter count returned by MySQL\n"); exit(0); } /* Bind the data for all 3 parameters */ memset(bind, 0, sizeof(bind)); /* INTEGER PARAM */ /* This is a number type, so there is no need to specify buffer_length */ bind[0].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_LONG; //为第一个绑定变量设置类型和 输入变量的内存首地址 bind[0].buffer= (char *)&int_data; bind[0].is_null= 0; bind[0].length= 0; /* STRING PARAM */ bind[1].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_STRING; //为第2个绑定变量设置类型和 输入变量的内存首地址 bind[1].buffer= (char *)str_data; bind[1].buffer_length= STRING_SIZE; bind[1].is_null= 0; bind[1].length= &str_length; /* SMALLINT PARAM */ bind[2].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_SHORT; //为第3个绑定变量设置类型和 输入变量的内存首地址 bind[2].buffer= (char *)&small_data; bind[2].is_null= &is_null; bind[2].length= 0; /* Bind the buffers */ if (mysql_stmt_bind_param(stmt, bind)) //把绑定变量设置到 预处理环境中 { fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_bind_param() failed\n"); fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt)); exit(0); } /* Specify the data values for the first row */ //插入第一条记录 int_data= 10; /* integer */ strncpy(str_data, "MySQL", STRING_SIZE); /* string */ str_length= strlen(str_data); /* INSERT SMALLINT data as NULL */ is_null= 1; /* Execute the INSERT statement - 1*/ if (mysql_stmt_execute(stmt)) { fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_execute(), 1 failed\n"); fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt)); exit(0); } /* Get the total number of affected rows */ affected_rows= mysql_stmt_affected_rows(stmt); fprintf(stdout, " total affected rows(insert 1): %lu\n", (unsigned long) affected_rows); if (affected_rows != 1) /* validate affected rows */ { fprintf(stderr, " invalid affected rows by MySQL\n"); exit(0); } /* Specify data values for second row, then re-execute the statement */ int_data= 1000; //插入第一条记录 strncpy(str_data, "The most popular Open Source database", STRING_SIZE); str_length= strlen(str_data); small_data= 1000; /* smallint */ is_null= 0; /* reset */ /* Execute the INSERT statement - 2*/ if (mysql_stmt_execute(stmt)) { fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_execute, 2 failed\n"); fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt)); exit(0); } /* Get the total rows affected */ affected_rows= mysql_stmt_affected_rows(stmt); fprintf(stdout, " total affected rows(insert 2): %lu\n", (unsigned long) affected_rows); if (affected_rows != 1) /* validate affected rows */ { fprintf(stderr, " invalid affected rows by MySQL\n"); exit(0); } /* Close the statement */ if (mysql_stmt_close(stmt)) { fprintf(stderr, " failed while closing the statement\n"); fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt)); exit(0); } mysql_close(connect); //断开与SQL server的连接 }
以上就是MySQL入门之预处理语句的使用的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.gxlcms.com)!