时间：2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过：18人阅读
最近朋友要上一个系统，设计百亿级数据。我去帮着搭建系统，采用pg/proxy集群，业务相关就不说了，这里就把简单技术验证放出来。相关人员比较保守，就用了OS官方的安装包，pg版本9.1. 规划中两台服务器上验证，一个上三个实例（一个实例做代理，另外两个做数
最近朋友要上一个系统，设计百亿级数据。我去帮着搭建系统，采用pg/proxy集群，业务相关就不说了，这里就把简单技术验证放出来。相关人员比较保守，就用了OS官方的安装包，pg版本9.1.
规划中两台服务器上验证，一个上三个实例（一个实例做代理，另外两个做数据节点），一个上两个实例（做数据节点）
数据节目录如下，不过是在两台服务器上，如上所说。
/opt/pg91/pgdata0
/opt/pg91/pgdata1
/opt/pg91/pgdata2
/opt/pg91/pgdata3
/opt/pg91/pgdata4
0
第一部分，安装
1
查询可安装版本
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ apt-cache search postgres | grep 9
libpgtypes3 - shared library libpgtypes for PostgreSQL 9.1
postgresql-9.1 - object-relational SQL database, version 9.1 server
。。。
postgresql-9.1-slony1-2 - replication system for PostgreSQL: PostgreSQL 9.1 server plug-in
skytools-modules-9.1 - PostgreSQL 9.1 modules for skytools
2
装
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ sudo apt-get install -y postgresql-9.1 postgresql-client-9.1 postgresql-contrib-9.1 postgresql-server-dev-9.1
... ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/9.1/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz (postmaster.1.gz) in auto mode.
* Starting PostgreSQL 9.1 database server
...done.
Setting up postgresql-contrib-9.1 (9.1.14-0ubuntu0.12.04) ...
Setting up postgresql-server-dev-9.1 (9.1.14-0ubuntu0.12.04) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
看到上面这句就ok了，就是说有些事情在以上安装过程中给deferred（推迟）了，推迟到现在集中处理了。
3
查看，已经跑起来了
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ ps -ef | grep postgres
postgres 8362 1 0 17:22 ? 00:00:00 /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/postgres -D /var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main -c config_file=/etc/postgresql/9.1/main/postgresql.conf
postgres 8364 8362 0 17:22 ? 00:00:00 postgres: writer process
postgres 8365 8362 0 17:22 ? 00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process
postgres 8366 8362 0 17:22 ? 00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process
postgres 8367 8362 0 17:22 ? 00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process
zxw 8425 1486 0 17:34 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto postgres
zxw@pgproxy1:~$
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ /etc/init.d/postgresql status
Running clusters: 9.1/main
4
这样登录不行，默认Peer authentication
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ psql -U postgres postgres
psql: FATAL: Peer authentication failed for user "postgres"
zxw@pgproxy1:~$
5
这样登录
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ sudo -u postgres psql
[sudo] password for zxw:
psql (9.1.14)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# \q
5
确认Peer authentication
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ sudo nl /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/pg_hba.conf | more
79 # Database administrative login by Unix domain socket
80 local all postgres peer
81 # TYPE DATABASE USER ADDRESS METHOD
82 # "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
83 local all all peer
84 # IPv4 local connections:
85 host all all 127.0.0.1/32 md5
peer
Obtain the client’s operating system user name from the operating system and check if it
matches the requested database user name. This is only available for local connections. See
Section 19.3.7 for details.
给改成md5认证，
6
安装时没提示设置密码，超级用户密码随机了一个，给修改一下
postgres=# select * from pg_user;
usename | usesysid | usecreatedb | usesuper | usecatupd | userepl | passwd | valuntil | useconfig
----------+----------+-------------+----------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+-----------
postgres | 10 | t | t | t | t | ******** | |
(1 row)
postgres=# alter user postgres password 'postgres';
ALTER ROLE
postgres=# select * from pg_user;
usename | usesysid | usecreatedb | usesuper | usecatupd | userepl | passwd | valuntil | useconfig
----------+----------+-------------+----------+-----------+---------+----------+----------+-----------
postgres | 10 | t | t | t | t | ******** | |
(1 row)
7
md5 authentication ok：
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ psql -h 127.0.0.1 -U postgres postgres
Password for user postgres:
psql (9.1.14)
SSL connection (cipher: DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits: 256)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#
8
修改监听地址等，加载配置参数
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ sudo -u postgres /etc/init.d/postgresql reload
* Reloading PostgreSQL 9.1 database server
...done.
zxw@pgproxy1:~$
9
验证ok
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ psql -h127.0.0.1 -Upostgres postgres
Password for user postgres:
psql (9.1.14)
SSL connection (cipher: DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits: 256)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# show all ;
name | setting | description
---------------------------------+------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
allow_system_table_mods | off | Allows modifications of the structure of system tables.
。。。。。。
listen_addresses | * | Sets the host name or IP address(es) to listen to.
lo_compat_privileges | off | Enables backward compatibility mode for privilege checks on large objects.
local_preload_libraries | | Lists shared libraries to preload into each backend.
10
验证ok
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ psql -h192.168.11.131 -Upostgres postgres
Password for user postgres:
psql (9.1.14)
SSL connection (cipher: DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, bits: 256)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#
11
ubuntu12上官方pg包安装完后的目录基本如下：
istall directory
/usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/postgres proc
/var/lib/postgresql/9.1/main data
/etc/postgresql/9.1/main/postgresql.conf option file
/usr/share/postgresql/9.1/contrib/
/usr/share/postgresql/9.1/extension/
/usr/share/postgresql-common/
第二部分
初始化n个实例
1
准备目录
root@pgproxy1:~# mkdir /opt/pg91
root@pgproxy1:~# chown postgres:postgres /opt/pg91/
2
初始化一个实例
root@pgproxy1:~# sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/initdb -E utf8 -Upostgres --locale=C -W -D /opt/pg91/pgdata1
could not change directory to "/root"
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.
The database cluster will be initialized with locale C.
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
creating directory /opt/pg91/pgdata1 ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting default max_connections ... 100
。。。
Enter new superuser password:
。。。
vacuuming database template1 ... ok
copying template1 to template0 ... ok
copying template1 to postgres ... ok
WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the -A option the
next time you run initdb.
Success. You can now start the database server using:
/usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/postgres -D /opt/pg91/pgdata1
or
/usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/pg91/pgdata1 -l logfile start
root@pgproxy1:~#
3
查看数据集目录
root@pgproxy1:~# ll /opt/pg91/pgdata1/
total 88
drwx------ 13 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 ../
drwx------ 5 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 base/
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 global/
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 pg_clog/
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 4476 Oct 23 15:49 pg_hba.conf
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 1636 Oct 23 15:49 pg_ident.conf
drwx------ 4 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 pg_multixact/
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 pg_notify/
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 pg_serial/
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 pg_stat_tmp/
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 pg_subtrans/
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 pg_tblspc/
drwx------ 2 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 pg_twophase/
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 4 Oct 23 15:49 PG_VERSION
drwx------ 3 postgres postgres 4096 Oct 23 15:49 pg_xlog/
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 19129 Oct 23 15:49 postgresql.conf
4
搞个放日志的地方
root@pgproxy1:~# mkdir /opt/pg91/pgdata1/pg_log
root@pgproxy1:~# chown postgres:postgres /opt/pg91/pgdata1/pg_log/
root@pgproxy1:~# chmod 700 /opt/pg91/pgdata1/pg_log/
修改认证监听等相关参数，后跑一个
root@pgproxy1:~# sudo -u postgres /usr/lib/postgresql/9.1/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/pg91/pgdata1 -l /opt/pg91/pgdata1/pg_log/pg.log start
重复以上跑起5个实例。
第三部分
安装pl/proxy
1
查一下能装啥
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ 【本文来自鸿网互联 (http://www.68idc.cn)】apt-cache search plproxy
postgresql-9.1-plproxy - database partitioning system for PostgreSQL 9.1
2
装
zxw@pgproxy1:~$ sudo apt-get install -y postgresql-9.1-plproxy
[sudo] password for zxw:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
postgresql-9.1-plproxy
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 69 not upgraded.
Need to get 65.3 kB of archives.
After this operation, 268 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://hk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/universe postgresql-9.1-plproxy amd64 2.3-1 [65.3 kB]
Fetched 65.3 kB in 10s (6,138 B/s)
Selecting previously unselected package postgresql-9.1-plproxy.
(Reading database ... 58432 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking postgresql-9.1-plproxy (from .../postgresql-9.1-plproxy_2.3-1_amd64.deb) ...
Setting up postgresql-9.1-plproxy (2.3-1) ...
zxw@pgproxy1:~$
3
规划
proxy node:
ip
port portN
create user beiigang
create user proxy
create database proxy;
schema beiigang
data node:
ip
port portN
create user beiigang
create user devart
create database datadb
schema beiigang
4
跑规划
#
#proxy
#
create role beiigang superuser login encrypted password 'beiigang';
create role proxy nosuperuser nocreatedb nocreaterole noinherit login encrypted password 'proxy';
create database proxy with owner beiigang template template0 encoding 'UTF8' lc_collate 'en_US.UTF-8' lc_ctype 'en_US.UTF-8';
grant all on database proxy to proxy;
create schema proxy authorization proxy;
#
#data node
#
create role beiigang superuser login encrypted password 'beiigang';
create role devart nosuperuser nocreatedb nocreaterole noinherit login encrypted password 'devart';
create database datadb with owner beiigang template template0 encoding 'UTF8' lc_collate 'en_US.UTF-8' lc_ctype 'en_US.UTF-8';
grant all on database datadb to devart;
create schema devart authorization devart;
#
#proxy node
#
postgres=# create role beiigang superuser login encrypted password 'beiigang';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=# create role proxy nosuperuser nocreatedb nocreaterole noinherit login encrypted password 'proxy';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=# create database proxy with owner beiigang template template0 encoding 'UTF8' lc_collate 'en_US.UTF-8' lc_ctype 'en_US.UTF-8';
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# grant all on database proxy to proxy;
GRANT
proxy=# create schema proxy authorization proxy;
CREATE SCHEMA
#
#data node
#
postgres=# create role beiigang superuser login encrypted password 'beiigang';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=# create role datasch nosuperuser nocreatedb nocreaterole noinherit login encrypted password 'datasch';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=# create database datadb with owner beiigang template template0 encoding 'UTF8' lc_collate 'en_US.UTF-8' lc_ctype 'en_US.UTF-8';
CREATE DATABASE
postgres=# grant all on database datadb to datasch;
GRANT
datadb=> create schema datasch authorization datasch;
CREATE SCHEMA
5
在代理上跑plproxy.sql
root@pgproxy1:~# psql -h ip -p portN -Upostgres -f /usr/share/postgresql/9.1/contrib/plproxy.sql proxy
Password for user postgres:
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE LANGUAGE
CREATE FUNCTION
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
plproxy.sql的内容如下
## nl /usr/share/postgresql/9.1/contrib/plproxy.sql | more
#
# 1 -- handler function
# 2 CREATE FUNCTION plproxy_call_handler ()
# 3 RETURNS language_handler AS '$libdir/plproxy' LANGUAGE C;
#
# 4 -- language
# 5 CREATE LANGUAGE plproxy HANDLER plproxy_call_handler;
#
# 6 -- validator function
# 7 CREATE FUNCTION plproxy_fdw_validator (text[], oid)
# 8 RETURNS boolean AS '$libdir/plproxy' LANGUAGE C;
#
# 9 -- foreign data wrapper
# 10 CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER plproxy VALIDATOR plproxy_fdw_validator;
6
查看上面创建的对象
#proxy=# select * from pg_language;
# lanname | lanowner | lanispl | lanpltrusted | lanplcallfoid | laninline | lanvalidator | lanacl
#----------+----------+---------+--------------+---------------+-----------+--------------+--------
# internal | 10 | f | f | 0 | 0 | 2246 |
# c | 10 | f | f | 0 | 0 | 2247 |
# sql | 10 | f | t | 0 | 0 | 2248 |
# plpgsql | 10 | t | t | 11678 | 11679 | 11680 |
# plproxy | 10 | t | f | 16399 | 0 | 0 |
#(5 rows)
#
#proxy=# select * from pg_foreign_data_wrapper;
# fdwname | fdwowner | fdwhandler | fdwvalidator | fdwacl | fdwoptions
#---------+----------+------------+--------------+--------+------------
# plproxy | 10 | 0 | 16401 | |
#(1 row)
#还drop了一回，这个不要跑啊
#proxy=# drop language plproxy cascade;
#DROP LANGUAGE
#proxy=#
#proxy=# drop FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER plproxy cascade;
#DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER
#proxy=#
#proxy=# drop function plproxy_call_handler();
#DROP FUNCTION
#proxy=#
#proxy=# drop function plproxy_fdw_validator (text[], oid);
#DROP FUNCTION
#
7
授权
########这句报错
#proxy=# grant usage on language plproxy to proxy;
#ERROR: language "plproxy" is not trusted
#HINT: Only superusers can use untrusted languages.
########下面的ok
#proxy=# grant usage on foreign data wrapper plproxy to proxy;
#GRANT
#proxy=# grant usage on foreign server cluster_art to proxy;
#GRANT
8
proxy node创建plproxy server
#super user do
#drop server cluster_art;
CREATE SERVER cluster_art FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER plproxy OPTIONS
(connection_lifetime '1800',
p0 'dbname=datadb port=9901 host=192.168.11.196 application_name=testart',
p1 'dbname=datadb port=9902 host=192.168.11.197 ',
p2 'dbname=datadb port=9903 host=192.168.11.196 ',
p3 'dbname=datadb port=9904 host=192.168.11.197 ');
9
proxy node授权
grant usage on foreign server cluster_art to proxy;
10
proxy node创建user mapping
create user mapping for proxy server cluster_art options (user 'devart', password 'xxxxxxxx');
plproxy集群搭好了。。。。。。
第四部分
测试
这儿前前后后测试了不少场景，花了好几天，基本上没有记录，下面的也不是一个完整一致的测试，只是记录到这儿，大家就不要看了，看了就晕了
--test
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION proxy.test_pl_clust(sql text)
RETURNS SETOF record
LANGUAGE plproxy
STRICT
AS $function$
cluster 'cluster_art';
run on all;
target devart.test_pl_clust;
$function$;
grant execute on function datasch.test_pl_clust(text) to proxy;
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION test_pl_clust(sql text)
RETURNS SETOF record
LANGUAGE plpgsql
STRICT
AS $function$
declare
rec record;
begin
for rec in execute sql loop
return next rec;
end loop;
return;
end;
$function$;
select * from datasch.test_pl_clust('select count(*) from pg_class') as t(i int8);
proxy=> select * from test_pl_clust('select count(*) from pg_user') as t(k int8);
k
---
3
3
3
3
(4 rows)
proxy=> select sum(k) from test_pl_clust('select count(*) from pg_user') as t(k int8);
sum
-----
12
(1 row)
附记
1
pl/proxy源码下载地址，好像是吧
http://pgfoundry.org/projects/plproxy
2
官网上记录的一个bug
dumpall 不能正常工作
http://pgfoundry.org/tracker/index.php?func=detail&aid=1011283&group_id=1000207&atid=814
pg_dumpall sorts 'create server FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER' options
(keys) as varchar and not as integer.
Example from dumped sql (see "pX" option key):
CREATE SERVER can_master_cluster FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER plproxy OPTIONS (
connection_lifetime '1800',
p0 'dbname=database11 host=xxx-11 port=9811',
p1 'dbname=database12 host=xxx-12 port=9812',
p10 'dbname=database21 host=xxx-21 port=9821',
p11 'dbname=database22 host=xxx-22 port=9822',
p12 'dbname=database23 host=xxx-23 port=9823',
p13 'dbname=database24 host=xxx-24 port=9824',
p14 'dbname=database25 host=xxx-25 port=9825',
p15 'dbname=database26 host=xxx-26 port=9826',
p2 'dbname=database13 host=xxx-13 port=9813',
p3 'dbname=database14 host=xxx-14 port=9814',
p4 'dbname=database15 host=xxx-15 port=9815',
p5 'dbname=database16 host=xxx-16 port=9816',
p6 'dbname=database17 host=xxx-17 port=9817',
p7 'dbname=database18 host=xxx-18 port=9818',
p8 'dbname=database19 host=xxx-19 port=9819',
p9 'dbname=database20 host=xxx-20 port=9820'
);
which causes next error during the load:
ERROR: Pl/Proxy: partitions must be numbered consecutively
HINT: next valid partition number is 2
STATEMENT: CREATE SERVER can_master_cluster ...
Old 9.0 'pg_dumpall' doing job correct.