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Oracle优化实战(绑定变量)

时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:19人阅读

绑定变量是Oracle解决硬解析的首要利器,能解决OLTP系统中librarycache的过度耗用以提高性能。然刀子磨的太快,使起来锋利,却容

绑定变量是Oracle解决硬解析的首要利器,能解决OLTP系统中librarycache的过度耗用以提高性能。然刀子磨的太快,使起来锋利,却容易折断。凡事皆有利弊二性,因地制宜,因时制宜,全在如何权衡而已。本文讲述了绑 定变量的使用方法,以及绑定变量的优缺点、使用场合。

一、绑定变量

提到绑定变量,就不得不了解硬解析与软解析。硬解析简言之即一条SQL语句没有被运行过,处于首次运行, 则需要对其进行语法分析,语义识别,跟据统计信息生成最佳的执行计划,然后对其执行。而软解析呢,则是由 于在librarycache已经存在与该SQL语句一致的SQL语句文本、运行环境,即有相同的父游标与子游标,采用拿来主义,直接执行即可。软解析同样经历语法分析,语义识别,且生成hashvalue,接下来在librarycache搜索相同的hashvalue,,如存在在实施软解析。

C:\Users\mxq>sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on 星期六 5月 30 20:16:40 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

清空以前共享池数据
SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;

System altered

SQL> select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=1817156
1555;

CUST_ID
----------
467
467
467

SQL> select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=1810839
9505;

未选定行

SQL> select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=1897116
7925;

未选定行

在下面可以看到oracle把没条执行都重新硬解析一遍生成三个值,这样效率不高
SQL> select sql_text,hash_value from v$sql where sql_text like '%dest_addr=18%';

SQL_TEXT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HASH_VALUE
----------
select sql_text from v$sql where sql_text like '%dest_addr=18%'
261357771

select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=18108399505
2971670234

select * from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=18171561555
4160363108

SQL> select sql_text,hash_value from v$sql where sql_text like '%dest_addr=18%';

SQL_TEXT HASH_VALUE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------

select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=18971167925 3796536237
select * from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=18108399505 2768207417
select * from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=18171561555 2177737916

在这里开始使用绑定变量
SQL> var dest number;
SQL> exec :dest:=15392107000;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
dest
---------
15392107000

SQL> select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=:dest;

CUST_ID
---------
dest
---------
15392107000

SQL> exec :dest:=15310098199;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
dest
---------
15310098199

SQL> select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=:dest;

CUST_ID
---------
dest
---------
15310098199

生成一个值说明oracle只硬解析一遍
SQL> select sql_text,hash_value from v$sql where sql_text like '%dest_addr=:dest%';

SQL_TEXT HASH_VALUE
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
select sql_text,hash_value from v$sql where sql_text like '%dest_addr=:dest%' 627606763
select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=:dest 1140441667

结论:
绑定变量可以有效消除硬解析

本文永久更新链接地址

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