通过PHP你可以轻松的连接到数据库，请求数据并将其显示在你的web站点中，甚至修改数据库中的数据。MySQL是一种很流行的数据库，并且在互联网中有许多有关PHP与MySQL的教程。MySQL是免费的，这一点也许就吸引了不少人。由于其广泛应用，我就不想在这里赘述MySQL的使用方法了。Oracle被大量在企业应用中采用，因此我们就利用Oracle来介绍PHP与数据库的连接。我们当然不会提及Oracle数据库的设计原理，原因是这已经超出了我们的讨论范围。
PHP提供了两套函数与Oracle连接，分别是ORA_和OCI函数。其中ORA_函数略显陈旧。OCI函数更新据说更好一些。两者的使用语法几乎相差无几。如前所述，你的PHP安装选项应该可以支持两者的使用。
想获得更多有关在Microsoft Windows平台上安装支持PHP3的Apache服务器的知识以及更多有关Oracle数据库的知识，请查阅以下URL：www.csoft.net/~vsbabu/articles/oraphp.html。
4.1 连接
if ($conn=Ora_Logon("user@TNSNAME","password"))
{
echo "SUCCESS ! Connected to database\n";
}
else
{
echo "Failed :-( Could not connect to database\n";
}
Ora_Logoff($conn);
phpinfo();
?>
以上代码使用TNSNAME（在你的tnsnames.ora文件中指明）定义的Oracle数据库名称、用户名称和密码连接数据库。在成功连接的基础上，ora_logon函数返回一个非零的连接ID并储存在变量$conn中。
4.2 查询
假设与数据库已经连接就绪，下面我们就来实际的应用对数据库的查询。下面的代码演示了一个连接并查询的典型例子：
/*
* 连接数据库并执行查询
*/
function printoraerr($in_cur)
{
// 检查Oracle是否出错
// 如果存在错误则显示
// 当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数
if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))
echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)."\n";
return;
}
/** 主程序 */
if (!($conn=ora_logon("user@TNSNAME","password")))
{
echo "Connection to database failed\n";
exit;
}
echo "Connected as connection - $conn
\n";
echo "Opening cursor ...
\n";
$cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor);
echo "Opened cursor - $cursor
\n";
$qry="select user,sysdate from dual";
echo "Parsing the query $qry ...
\n";
ora_parse($cursor,$qry,0); printoraerr($cursor);
echo "Query parsed
\n";
echo "Executing cursor ...
\n";
ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor);
echo "Executed cursor
\n";
echo "Fetching cursor ...
\n";
while(ora_fetch($cursor))
{
$user=ora_getcolumn($cursor,0); printoraerr($cursor);
$sysdate=ora_getcolumn($cursor,1); printoraerr($cursor);
echo " row = $user, $sysdate
\n";
}
echo "Fetched all records
\n";
echo "Closing cursor ...
\n";
ora_close($cursor);
echo "Closed cursor
\n";
echo "Logging off from oracle...
\n";
ora_logoff($conn);
echo "Logged off from oracle
\n";
?>
（译者注：以上代码段缺少注释，请读者参考PHP Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分）
4.3 显示结果
以下代码演示了怎样查询数据库并将结果输出：
function printoraerr($in_cur, $conn)
{
// 检查Oracle是否出错
// 如果存在错误则显示
// 当指针被激活时每次请求Oracle后调用该函数
// If it encountered an error, we exit immediately
if(ora_errorcode($in_cur))
{
echo "Oracle code - ".ora_error($in_cur)."
n";
ora_logoff($conn);
exit;
}
return;
}
function exequery($w_qry,$conn)
{
$cursor=ora_open($conn); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
ora_parse($cursor,$w_qry,0); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
ora_exec($cursor); printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
$numrows=0;
$w_numcols=ora_numcols($cursor);
// 显示头部
echo "
\n";
for ($i=0;$i<$w_numcols;$i++)
{
$align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";
echo "\t ".ora_columnname($cursor,$i)." \n";
}
echo "
\n";
while(ora_fetch($cursor))
{
echo " \n";
for ($i=0;$i<$w_numcols;$i++)
{
$align=(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="NUMBER")?"RIGHT":"LEFT";
if(ora_columntype($cursor,$i)=="LONG")
echo " ".
ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)."
\n";
else
echo " ".ora_getcolumn($cursor,$i)." \n";
printoraerr($cursor,$conn);
}
$numrows++;
echo "
\n";
}
if ($numrows==0)
echo " Query returned no records
\n";
else
{
echo " \n";
echo " Count \n";
echo " $numrows \n";
echo "
\n";
}
echo " \n";
ora_close($cursor);
return;
}
// 主程序
if(!($conn=ora_logon("user@SID","password")))
{
echo "Error: Cannot connect to database\n";
exit;
}
$qry="SELECT
deptno \"Dept\"
,empno \"Emp\"
,empnm \"Name\"
,salary \"Salary\"
FROM
employee
ORDER BY 1,2";
exequery($qry);
ora_logoff($conn);
?>
（译者注：以上代码段缺少注释，请读者参考PHP Manual的Oracle数据库函数部分）
4.4 基于HTTP的Oracle登录
将以下代码加在PHP页面代码之前以确认Oracle登录。注意你必须正确设定$ SID。
if(!isset($PHP_AUTH_USER))
{
Header("WWW-authenticate: basic realm=\"$SID\"");
Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
$title="Login Instructions";
echo "
You are not authorized to enter the site
\n";
exit;
}
else
{
if (!($conn=ora_logon("$PHP_AUTH_USER@$SID",$PHP_AUTH_PW)))
{
Header("WWW-authenticate: basic realm=\"$SID\"");
Header("HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized");
$title="Login Instructions";
echo "
You are not authorised to enter the site
\n";
exit;
}
}
?>
CNBIE BLOG
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
php通过smtp发送邮件
原文：php通过smtp发送邮件
/***************************************
** Filename.......: class.smtp.inc
** Project........: SMTP Class
** Version........: 1.00b
** Last Modified..: 30 September 2001
***************************************/
define('SMTP_STATUS_NOT_CONNECTED', 1, TRUE);
define('SMTP_STATUS_CONNECTED', 2, TRUE);
class smtp{
var $connection;
var $recipients;
var $headers;
var $timeout;
var $errors;
var $status;
var $body;
var $from;
var $host;
var $port;
var $helo;
var $auth;
var $user;
var $pass;
/***************************************
** Constructor function. Arguments:
** $params - An assoc array of parameters:
**
** host - The hostname of the smtp server Default: localhost
** port - The port the smtp server runs on Default: 25
** helo - What to send as the HELO command Default: localhost
** (typically the hostname of the
** machine this script runs on)
** auth - Whether to use basic authentication Default: FALSE
** user - Username for authentication Default:
** pass - Password for authentication Default:
** timeout - The timeout in seconds for the call Default: 5
** to fsockopen()
***************************************/
function smtp($params = array()){
if(!defined('CRLF'))
define('CRLF', "\r\n", TRUE);
$this->timeout = 5;
$this->status = SMTP_STATUS_NOT_CONNECTED;
$this->host = 'localhost';
$this->port = 25;
$this->helo = 'localhost';
$this->auth = FALSE;
$this->user = ';
$this->pass = ';
$this->errors = array();
foreach($params as $key => $value){
$this->$key = $value;
}
}
/***************************************
** Connect function. This will, when called
** statically, create a new smtp object,
** call the connect function (ie this function)
** and return it. When not called statically,
** it will connect to the server and send
** the HELO command.
***************************************/
function connect($params = array()){
if(!isset($this->status)){
$obj = new smtp($params);
if($obj->connect()){
$obj->status = SMTP_STATUS_CONNECTED;
}
return $obj;
}else{
$this->connection = fsockopen($this->host, $this->port, $errno, $errstr, $this->timeout);
socket_set_timeout($this->connection, 0, 250000);
$greeting = $this->get_data();
if(is_resource($this->connection)){
return $this->auth ? $this->ehlo() : $this->helo();
}else{
$this->errors[] = 'Failed to connect to server: '.$errstr;
return FALSE;
}
}
}
/***************************************
** Function which handles sending the mail.
** Arguments:
** $params - Optional assoc array of parameters.
** Can contain:
** recipients - Indexed array of recipients
** from - The from address. (used in MAIL FROM:),
** this will be the return path
** headers - Indexed array of headers, one header per array entry
** body - The body of the email
** It can also contain any of the parameters from the connect()
** function
***************************************/
function send($params = array()){
foreach($params as $key => $value){
$this->set($key, $value);
}
if($this->is_connected()){
// Do we auth or not? Note the distinction between the auth variable and auth() function
if($this->auth){
if(!$this->auth())
return FALSE;
}
$this->mail($this->from);
if(is_array($this->recipients))
foreach($this->recipients as $value)
$this->rcpt($value);
else
$this->rcpt($this->recipients);
if(!$this->data())
return FALSE;
// Transparency
$headers = str_replace(CRLF.'.', CRLF.'..', trim(implode(CRLF, $this->headers)));
$body = str_replace(CRLF.'.', CRLF.'..', $this->body);
$body = $body[0] == '.' ? '.'.$body : $body;
$this->send_data($headers);
$this->send_data(');
$this->send_data($body);
$this->send_data('.');
return (substr(trim($this->get_data()), 0, 3) === '250');
}else{
$this->errors[] = 'Not connected!';
return FALSE;
}
}
/***************************************
** Function to implement HELO cmd
***************************************/
function helo(){
if(is_resource($this->connection)
AND $this->send_data('HELO '.$this->helo)
AND substr(trim($error = $this->get_data()), 0, 3) === '250' ){
return TRUE;
}else{
$this->errors[] = 'HELO command failed, output: ' . trim(substr(trim($error),3));
return FALSE;
}
}
/***************************************
** Function to implement EHLO cmd
***************************************/
function ehlo(){
if(is_resource($this->connection)
AND $this->send_data('EHLO '.$this->helo)
AND substr(trim($error = $this->get_data()), 0, 3) === '250' ){
return TRUE;
}else{
$this->errors[] = 'EHLO command failed, output: ' . trim(substr(trim($error),3));
return FALSE;
}
}
/***************************************
** Function to implement AUTH cmd
***************************************/
function auth(){
if(is_resource($this->connection)
AND $this->send_data('AUTH LOGIN')
AND substr(trim($error = $this->get_data()), 0, 3) === '334'
AND $this->send_data(base64_encode($this->user)) // Send username
AND substr(trim($error = $this->get_data()),0,3) === '334'
AND $this->send_data(base64_encode($this->pass)) // Send password
AND substr(trim($error = $this->get_data()),0,3) === '235' ){
return TRUE;
}else{
$this->errors[] = 'AUTH command failed: ' . trim(substr(trim($error),3));
return FALSE;
}
}
/***************************************
** Function that handles the MAIL FROM: cmd
***************************************/
function mail($from){
if($this->is_connected()
AND $this->send_data('MAIL FROM:<'.$from.'>')
AND substr(trim($this->get_data()), 0, 2) === '250' ){
return TRUE;
}else
return FALSE;
}
/***************************************
** Function that handles the RCPT TO: cmd
***************************************/
function rcpt($to){
if($this->is_connected()
AND $this->send_data('RCPT TO:<'.$to.'>')
AND substr(trim($error = $this->get_data()), 0, 2) === '25' ){
return TRUE;
}else{
$this->errors[] = trim(substr(trim($error), 3));
return FALSE;
}
}
/***************************************
** Function that sends the DATA cmd
***************************************/
function data(){
if($this->is_connected()
AND $this->send_data('DATA')
AND substr(trim($error = $this->get_data()), 0, 3) === '354' ){
return TRUE;
}else{
$this->errors[] = trim(substr(trim($error), 3));
return FALSE;
}
}
/***************************************
** Function to determine if this object
** is connected to the server or not.
***************************************/
function is_connected(){
return (is_resource($this->connection) AND ($this->status === SMTP_STATUS_CONNECTED));
}
/***************************************
** Function to send a bit of data
***************************************/
function send_data($data){
if(is_resource($this->connection)){
return fwrite($this->connection, $data.CRLF, strlen($data)+2);
}else
return FALSE;
}
/***************************************
** Function to get data.
***************************************/
function &get_data(){
$return = ';
$line = ';
if(is_resource($this->connection)){
while(strpos($return, CRLF) === FALSE OR substr($line,3,1) !== ' '){
$line = fgets($this->connection, 512);
$return .= $line;
}
return $return;
}else
return FALSE;
}
/***************************************
** Sets a variable
***************************************/
function set($var, $value){
$this->$var = $value;
return TRUE;
}
} // End of class
?>
/***************************************
** Filename.......: test.php
** Project........: SMTP Class
** Last Modified..: 30 September 2001
***************************************/
/***************************************
** Include the class. The header() makes
** the output look lovely.
***************************************/
include('class.smtp.inc');
header('Content-Type: text/plain');
/***************************************
** Setup some parameters which will be
** passed to the smtp::connect() call.
***************************************/
$params['host'] = 'smtp.sohu.com'; // The smtp server host/ip
$params['port'] = 25; // The smtp server port
$params['helo'] = exec('hostname'); // What to use when sending the helo command. Typically, your domain/hostname
$params['auth'] = TRUE; // Whether to use basic authentication or not
$params['user'] = 'phw82'; // Username for authentication
$params['pass'] = 'xxxxxxx'; // Password for authentication
/***************************************
** These parameters get passed to the
** smtp->send() call.
***************************************/
$send_params['recipients'] = array('phw82@sohu.com'); // The recipients (can be multiple)
$send_params['headers'] = array(
'From: "潘"', // Headers
'To: phw82@sohu.com',
'Subject: Test email'
);
$send_params['from'] = 'phw82@sohu.com'; // This is used as in the MAIL FROM: cmd
// It should end up as the Return-Path: header
$send_params['body'] = '.Test email.'; // The body of the email
/***************************************
** The code that creates the object and
** sends the email.
***************************************/
?>
New Document
if(is_object($smtp = smtp::connect($params)) AND $smtp->send($send_params)){
echo 'Email sent successfully!'."\r\n\r\n";
// Any recipients that failed (relaying denied for example) will be logged in the errors variable.
print_r($smtp->errors);
}else{
echo 'Error sending mail'."\r\n\r\n";
// The reason for failure should be in the errors variable
print_r($smtp->errors);
}
?>
