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说明:这里是在win7下安装的,新版本的mysql安装与之前有不同。
1、下载mysql-5.5.20-win32.zip,解压到D:/dev,D盘的dev文件夹下就会出现mysql-5.5.20-win32目录,将其重命名为mysql。
2、配置MYSQL的环境变量
新增系统变量MYSQL_HOME: D:/dev/mysql
在PATH变量的最后面添加: ;%MYSQL_HOME%/bin
保存即可。
3、打开文件my-default.ini另存为my.ini,删除my.ini中的所有配置,在my.ini文件中加入如下简单配置:(my.ini是保存在与my-default.ini同一个目录下的)(#表示注释)
Mysql代码
# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password = your_password
port = 3306
[mysql]
#设置mysql客户端的字符集
default-character-set = utf8
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
#设置mysql的安装目录
basedir = D:/dev/mysql
#设置mysql数据库的数据存放目录,必须是data或者/xxx-data
datadir = D:/dev/mysql/data
#设置服务器段的字符集
character_set_server = utf8
4、注册服务
开始菜单,搜索cmd,单击右键“以管理员身份运行”,输入命令:
Mysql代码
mysqld --install mysql --defaults-file=d:/dev/mysql/my.ini
(如果此时“出现Install/Remove of the Service Denied!”的错误,说明cmd不是以管理员身份运行
或着,
开始菜单,搜索cmd,单击右键“以管理员身份运行”,输入命令:
Mysql代码
mysqld --install mysql
在“服务”中就会出现mysql这一项。 )
5、启动服务(开始菜单,搜索cmd,单击右键“以管理员身份运行”):
Mysql代码
net start mysql
(如果此时启动有问题,如1067错误,一般是你的my.ini文件有问题,你检查一下看看,如果确认没有问题,或者你更改过,那执行以下步骤:
%mysqlhome%/bin>mysqld-nt --remove
Service successfully removed.
然后重新执行步骤4
)
停止服务:
Mysql代码
net stop mysql
6、服务启动后:
登录MySQL服务器:
命令格式:
Mysql代码
mysql -h hostname -u username -p
(这里-h不要也可以,有可能出现can't connect to MySQL server on 'localhost'错误,这个需要修改windows的hosts文件,加上127.0.0.1 localhost)
或
Mysql代码
mysql -hhostname -uusername -p
命令说明:mysql命令将调用MySQL监视程序,这是一个可以将我们连接到MySQL服务器端的客户端命令行工具。
选项说明:
-h选项:用于指定所希望连接的主机,即运行MySQL服务器的机器。如果在运行MySQL服务器的机器上运行该命令,则可以忽略该选项和hostname参数;如果不是,必须用运行MySQL服务器的主机名称来代替主机名称参数。
-u命令:用于指定连接数据库时使用的用户名称。
-p命令:用于指定用户输入的密码
此时我本机安装了MYSQL,可忽略该选项和hostname参数:
Mysql代码
mysql -uroot -p
注:
MySQL的管理员用户名为root,密码默认为空 ,所以要你输密码时候直接回车即可
修改root密码
MySQL配置好后,启动成功,默认密码是空,但是为了安全,设置密码(MySQL有一个默认用户名为root,密码自己设定:假如设为root)。
1)登录MySQL root用户:
打开命令行,执行:
Mysql代码
mysql -uroot -p
2)修改root密码:
Mysql代码
mysql> update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";
mysql> flush privileges;
修改该修改密码的语句:update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";
为: update mysql.user set password=password("root") where User="root";
详细说明:见最底下的补充说明。
以后再进入MySQL,则为:
Mysql代码
mysql -uroot -proot
7、常用命令:
Mysql代码
create database new_dbname;--新建数据库
show databases;--显示数据库
use databasename;--使用数据库
select database();--查看已选择的数据库
show tables;--显示当前库的所有表
create table tablename(fieldname1 fieldtype1,fieldname2 fieldtype2,..)[ENGINE=engine_name];--创建表
create table tablename select statement;--通过子查询创建表
desc tablename;--查看表结构
show create table tablename;--查看建表语句
alter table tablename add new_fielname new_fieldtype;--新增列
alter table tablename add new_fielname new_fieldtype after 列名1;--在列名1后新增列
alter table tablename modify fieldname new_fieldtype;--修改列
alter table tablename drop fieldname;--删除列
alter table tablename_old rename tablename_new;--表重命名
insert into tablename(fieldname1,fieldname2,fieldnamen) valuse(value1,value2,valuen);--增
delete from tablename [where fieldname=value];--删
update tablename set fieldname1=new_value where filename2=value;--改
select * from tablename [where filename=value];--查
truncate table tablename;--清空表中所有数据,DDL语句
show engines;--查看mysql现在已提供的存储引擎:
show variables like '%storage_engine%';--查看mysql当前默认的存储引擎
show create table tablename;--查看某张表用的存储引擎(结果的"ENGINE="部分)
alter table tablename ENGINE=InnoDB--修改引擎
create table tablename(fieldname1 fieldtype1,fieldname2 fieldtype2,..) ENGINE=engine_name;--创建表时设置存储引擎
8、例如:
(1)登录MySQL服务器后,查看当前时间,登录的用户以及数据库的版本
Mysql代码
mysql> select now(),user(),version();
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
| now() | user() | version() |
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
| 2012-02-26 20:29:51 | root@localhost | 5.5.20 |
+---------------------+----------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(2)显示数据库列表
Mysql代码
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.03 sec)
(3)新增数据库并查看
Mysql代码
mysql> create database test_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test_db |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(4)选择数据库
Mysql代码
mysql> use test_db;
Database changed
查看已选择的数据库:
Mysql代码
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| test_db |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(5)显示当前数据库的所有数据表
Mysql代码
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
(6)新建数据表并查看
Mysql代码
mysql> create table person(
-> id int,
-> name varchar(20),
-> sex char(1),
-> birth date
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) Mysql代码
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(7)获取表结构
Mysql代码
mysql> desc person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
或者
Mysql代码
mysql> describe person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(1) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
(8)查询表中的数据
Mysql代码
mysql> select * from person;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
(9)插入数据
Mysql代码
mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth)
-> values(1,'zhangsan','1','1990-01-08');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
查询表中的数据:
Mysql代码
mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+
| id | name | sex | birth |
+------+----------+------+------------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 1 | 1990-01-08 |
+------+----------+------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(10)修改字段的类型
Mysql代码
mysql> alter table person modify sex char(8);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
查看字段描述:
Mysql代码
mysql> desc person;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
(11)新增一个字段
Mysql代码
mysql> alter table person add(address varchar(50));
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.27 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
查看字段描述:
Mysql代码
mysql> desc person;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
(12)更新字段内容
查看修改前表的内容:
Mysql代码
mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | zhangsan | 1 | 1990-01-08 | NULL |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改:
Mysql代码
mysql> update person set name='lisi' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from person;
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | 1 | 1990-01-08 | NULL |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update person set sex='man',address='China' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from person;
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | China |
+------+------+------+------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
为了方便下面测试删除数据,在向person表中插入2条数据:
Mysql代码
mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address)
-> values(2,'wangwu','man','1990-01-10','China');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into person(id,name,sex,birth,address)
-> values(3,'zhangsan','man','1990-01-10','China');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | China |
| 2 | wangwu | man | 1990-01-10 | China |
| 3 | zhangsan | man | 1990-01-10 | China |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(13)删除表中的数据
删除表中指定的数据:
Mysql代码
mysql> delete from person where id=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from person;
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| id | name | sex | birth | address |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
| 1 | lisi | man | 1990-01-08 | China |
| 3 | zhangsan | man | 1990-01-10 | China |
+------+----------+------+------------+---------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除表中全部的数据:
Mysql代码
mysql> delete from person;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> select * from person;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
(14)重命名表
查看重命名前的表名:
Mysql代码
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
重命名:
Mysql代码
mysql> alter table person rename person_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+-------------------+
| Tables_in_test_db |
+-------------------+
| person_test |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(15)新增主键
Mysql代码
mysql> alter table person_test add primary key(id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc person_test;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
删除主键:
Mysql代码
mysql> alter table person_test drop primary key;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> desc person_test;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | char(8) | YES | | NULL | |
| birth | date | YES | | NULL | |
| address | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
(16)删除表
Mysql代码
mysql> drop table person_test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> show tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
(17)删除数据库
Mysql代码
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
| test_db |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database test_db;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
(18)查看建表语句
Mysql代码
mysql> show create table table_name;
补充说明:
update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";修改的不是密码,如果按照这个方式修改了,重新登录时将会报错:
Mysql代码
mysql> update mysql.user set password="root" where User="root";
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
mysql> exit
Bye
C:/Users/liqiong>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ****
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: Y
ES)
请按照以下方式重新修改密码,即可登录成功:
Mysql代码
C:/Users/liqiong>mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> update mysql.user set password=password("root") where User="root";
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 3 Changed: 3 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
C:/Users/liqiong>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: ****
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.20 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the current input statement.
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