源码编译安装MySQL5.6.10最佳实践_MySQL

MySQL从5.5版本开始，通过./configure进行编译配置方式已经被取消，取而代之的是cmake工具。

因此，我们首先要在系统中源码编译安装cmake工具。

# wget http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.7.tar.gz

# tar zxvf cmake-2.8.7.tar.gz

# cd cmake-2.8.7

# ./configure

# make

# make install

1.1cmake命令语法

1.2重新编译时，需要清除旧的对象文件和缓存信息

# make clean
# rm -f CMakeCache.txt

1.3安装选项

CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX值是安装的基本目录,其他cmake选项值是不包括前缀，是相对路径名，绝对路径包括CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX路径。如-DINSTALL_SBINDIR=sbin的绝对路径是/usr/local/mysql /sbin

1.4存储引擎选项

mysql存储引擎是插件式的，因此插件控制选项可以指定那个存储引擎安装。

configure编译插件选项--with-plugins=csv,myisam,myisammrg,heap,innobase,archive,blackhole在cmake中没有直接对应的相同选项。对于csv,myisam,myisammrg,heap在cmake中是不需要明确指定存储引擎的名称，因为它们是强制性安装。

可以使用以下选择来安装innodb,archive,blackhole存储引擎

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

（1可以使用on代替）

如果既不是-DWITH__STORAGE_ENGINE也不是-DWITHOUT__STORAGE_ENGINE 来指定存储引擎，该存储引擎将安装成共享模块式的。如果不是共享模块式的将排除在外。共享模块安装时必须使用INSTALL PLUGIN语句或--plugin-load才可以使用。

有关插件的CMake的选项的其他信息，请查阅： http://forge.mysql.com/wiki/MySQL_Internals_Support_for_Plug-Ins

1.5 lib库选项

1.6其他选项

之前MySQL的编译选项大多数都支持。新旧版本之间的安装选项映射成大写字母，删除选项前面破折号，中间字符间的破折号替换成下划线。如：

--with-debug => WITH_DEBUG=1

--with-embedded-server => WITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER

1.7调试配置过程

使用configure编译完将生成config.log和config.status文件。

使用cmake编译完在CMakeFiles目录下生成CMakeError.log 和CMakeOutput.log文件。

1.8第三方接口工具

在之前的版本，第三方工具从MySQL顶层源目录中读取源configure.in文件来确定mysql版本。如：对5.5.7 - RC版本的AC_INIT线看起来像这样：

AC_INIT([MySQLServer], [5.5.7-rc], [], [mysql])

现在的版本可以直接读取版本文件。如：如果版本是5.5.8，文件看起来像这样的：

MYSQL_VERSION_MAJOR=5

MYSQL_VERSION_MINOR=5

MYSQL_VERSION_PATCH=8

MYSQL_VERSION_EXTRA=rc

如果源码包不是GA版，MYSQL_VERSION_EXTRA的值将非空。如：对于一个发布RC版本是这样的： MYSQL_VERSION_EXTRA=rc

构建5位数字的版本号，使用下面公式：

MYSQL_VERSION_MAJOR*10000+ MYSQL_VERSION_MINOR*100 + MYSQL_VERSION_PATCH

2验证安装依赖

通过 rpm -qa | grep name的方式验证以下软件包是否已全部安装。

gcc* gcc-c++* autoconf* automake* zlib*libxml* ncurses-devel* libmcrypt* libtool*

通过yum安装示例

例:yum install gcc gcc-c++

例:yum install ncurses-devel

如果缺少相关的软件包，可通过yum -y install的方式在线安装，或直接从系统安装光盘中找到并通过rpm -ivh的方式安装。

3安装前的系统设置

建立mysql安装目录及数据存放目录

# mkdir /usr/mysql5.5

# mkdir /usr/mysql5.5/data

创建用户和用户组

# groupadd mysql

# useradd –gmysql mysql

赋予数据存放目录权限
# chown mysql:mysql –R /opt/mysql5.5/data

4正式开始安装(从configure更换为cmake)

我相信大多数人都已经习惯了之前的configure方式，并且所使用的参数也是比较个性化的，换成cmake之后，这一方面会带来不少的麻烦。
还好，MySQL的官方网站提供了二者的参数对照表，我们可以尽可能的保留之前的参数，来编译配置新的MySQL版本。

configure 与cmake参数对照指南：
http://forge.mysql.com/wiki/Autotools_to_CMake_Transition_Guide

以我自己为例，之前我一直使用的参数为：
./configure --prefix=/opt/mysql/ /
--sysconfdir=/opt/mysql/etc /
--localstatedir=/opt/mysql/data /
--with-tcp-port=3306 /
--with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysqld.sock /
--with-mysqld-user=mysql /
--enable-assembler /
--with-extra-charsets=all /
--enable-thread-safe-client /
--with-big-tables /
--with-readline /
--with-ssl /
--with-embedded-server /
--enable-local-infile /
--with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg

经过与cmake的参数对照之后，去除掉已经被取消的参数（大多数是因为新版本已经默认启用），cmake的参数配置如下：
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql /

-DSYSCONFDIR=/opt/mysql/etc /

-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql/data /

-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 /

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysqld.sock /

-DMYSQL_USER=mysql /

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all /

-DWITH_READLINE=1 /

-DWITH_SSL=system /

-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 /

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 /

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 /

-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

不带换行符的(只有一行)

4.1参数：-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1

在64位机器上编译不过，会出现如下错误:(64位机器的浮点数运算上出错,导致找不着相应的函数)

libsql.a(handler.cc.o): In function`get_ha_partition(partition_info*)’:

/data/mysql-5.5.14/sql/handler.cc:269: undefined reference to`ha_partition::ha_partition(handlerton*, partition_info*)’

/data/mysql-5.5.14/sql/handler.cc:271: undefined reference to`ha_partition::initialize_partition(st_mem_root*)’

libsql.a(sql_partition_admin.cc.o): In function`Alter_table_truncate_partition_statement::execute(THD*)’:

/data/mysql-5.5.14/sql/sql_partition_admin.cc:165: undefinedreference to `ha_partition::truncate_partition(Alter_info*, bool*)’

collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

make[2]: *** [sql/mysqld] Error 1

make[1]: *** [sql/CMakeFiles/mysqld.dir/all] Error 2

make: *** [all] Error 2

4.2参数:-DWITH_SSL=bundled

自mysql5.6.*及以后的版本都要默认带上此参数，否则编译不过 ,相关贴子:

https://github.com/santisaez/powerstack/issues/49

Use bundled SSL on CentOS-5

4.3安装执行

# tar xvf mysql-5.5.10.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.5.10

# cmake-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql5.5 -DSYSCONFDIR=/usr/local/mysql5.5/etc-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql5.5/data -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql5.5/mysqld.sock -DMYSQL_USER=mysql-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all-DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=bundled

#make

#make install

5 设置

#cd support-files/

拷贝配置文件:

#cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

设置开机自动启动

#cp mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

5.1初始化数据库

#/usr/local/mysql5.5/scripts/mysql_install_db--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.5--datadir=/usr/local/mysql5.5data --user=mysql

5.2设置

#vi /etc/init.d/mysqld（编辑此文件，查找并修改以下变量内容：）

basedir=/usr/local/mysql5.5

datadir=/var/mysql5.5/data

加入启动项：

#chkconfig --add mysqld

#chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

5.3启动服务

#service mysqld start

如果文件夹：/usr/local/mysql5.5是只读的，会报错:

…

…

2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [Note] IPv6 is notavailable.

2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [Note] - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0';

2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [Note] Server socketcreated on IP: '0.0.0.0'.

2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [ERROR] Can't startserver : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied

2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [ERROR] Do youalready have another mysqld server running on socket:/usr/local/mysql5.5/mysqld.sock ?

2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [ERROR] Aborting

…

2013-04-08 11:12:45 7886 [Note] InnoDB:Starting shutdown...

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] InnoDB:Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1626077

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'BLACKHOLE'

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA'

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'ARCHIVE'

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'CSV'

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'MRG_MYISAM'

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'MyISAM'

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'MEMORY'

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'sha256_password'

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'mysql_old_password'

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'mysql_native_password'

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note] Shutting downplugin 'binlog'

2013-04-08 11:12:47 7886 [Note]/usr/local/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

130408 11:12:47 mysqld_safe mysqld from pidfile /usr/local/mysql5.5/data/zskw2.pid ended

解决办法：将/usr/local/mysql5.5设为读写即可

…

5.4 设置密码

#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin password[new-password]

6数据库初始化

如果想让数据库可远程访问,必须在库中mysql下的user里存在如下用户

Host user password

% root xxx

7附录

7.1参考网址

http://www.centos.bz/2011/09/linux-compile-install-mysql-5-5-15-from-source/

http://blog.csdn.net/sunjingzhi/article/details/6671668

https://github.com/santisaez/powerstack/issues/49

http://heylinux.com/archives/993.html

http://www.mysqlops.com/2011/03/06/mysql_compile_reference.html

http://who0168.blog.51cto.com/253401/469898

7.2所用my.cnf

# Example MySQLconfig file for large systems.

#

# This is for a largesystem with memory = 512M where the system runs mainly

# MySQL.

#

# MySQL programs lookfor option files in a set of

# locations whichdepend on the deployment platform.

# You can copy thisoption file to one of those

# locations. Forinformation about these locations, see:

#http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html

#

# In this file, youcan use all long options that a program supports.

# If you want to knowwhich options a program supports, run the program

# with the"--help" option.

# The followingoptions will be passed to all MySQL clients

[client]

#password = your_password

port = 3306

#socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

socket = /usr/local/mysql5.5/mysqld.sock

#character-set-server= utf8

# Here followsentries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server

[mysqld]

port = 3306

#socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

socket = /usr/local/mysql5.5/mysqld.sock

user=mysql

skip-external-locking

key_buffer_size =256M

max_allowed_packet =1M

table_open_cache =256

sort_buffer_size = 1M

read_buffer_size = 1M

read_rnd_buffer_size= 4M

myisam_sort_buffer_size= 64M

thread_cache_size = 8

query_cache_size= 16M

# Try number ofCPU's*2 for thread_concurrency

thread_concurrency =8

#character-set-server= utf8

max_connections =1000

# Don't listen on aTCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,

# if all processesthat need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.

# All interactionwith mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.

# Note that usingthis option without enabling named pipes on Windows

# (via the"enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!

#

#skip-networking

# Replication MasterServer (default)

# binary logging isrequired for replication

log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary loggingformat - mixed recommended

binlog_format=mixed

# required unique idbetween 1 and 2^32 - 1

# defaults to 1 ifmaster-host is not set

# but will notfunction as a master if omitted

server-id = 1

# Replication Slave(comment out master section to use this)

#

# To configure thishost as a replication slave, you can choose between

# two methods :

#

# 1) Use the CHANGEMASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -

# the syntax is:

#

# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=,MASTER_PORT=,

# MASTER_USER=,MASTER_PASSWORD= ;

#

# where you replace ,, by quoted strings and

# by the master's port number(3306 by default).

#

# Example:

#

# CHANGE MASTER TOMASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,

# MASTER_USER='joe',MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';

#

# OR

#

# 2) Set the variablesbelow. However, in case you choose this method, then

# start replication for the first time (evenunsuccessfully, for example

# if you mistyped the password inmaster-password and the slave fails to

# connect), the slave will create a master.infofile, and any later

# change in this file to the variables'values below will be ignored and

# overridden by the content of themaster.info file, unless you shutdown

# the slave server, delete master.info andrestart the slaver server.

# For that reason, you may want to leave thelines below untouched

# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTERTO (see above)

#

# required unique idbetween 2 and 2^32 - 1

# (and different fromthe master)

# defaults to 2 ifmaster-host is set

# but will notfunction as a slave if omitted

#server-id = 2

#

# The replicationmaster for this slave - required

#master-host =

#

# The username theslave will use for authentication when connecting

# to the master -required

#master-user =

#

# The password theslave will authenticate with when connecting to

# the master -required

#master-password=

#

# The port the masteris listening on.

# optional - defaultsto 3306

#master-port =

#

# binary logging - notrequired for slaves, but recommended

#log-bin=mysql-bin

# Uncomment thefollowing if you are using InnoDB tables

#innodb_data_home_dir= /var/lib/mysql

#innodb_data_file_path= ibdata1:10M:autoextend

#innodb_log_group_home_dir= /var/lib/mysql

# You can set.._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %

# of RAM but bewareof setting memory usage too high

#innodb_buffer_pool_size= 256M

#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size= 20M

# Set.._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size

#innodb_log_file_size= 64M

#innodb_log_buffer_size= 8M

#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit= 1

#innodb_lock_wait_timeout= 50

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet =16M

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

# Remove the nextcomment character if you are not familiar with SQL

#safe-updates

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size =128M

sort_buffer_size =128M

read_buffer = 2M

write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

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