当前位置:Gxlcms > mysql > mysql索引与视图_MySQL

mysql索引与视图_MySQL

时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:19人阅读

bitsCN.com

原始表student字段:

mysql> select column_name,data_type    -> from information_schema.columns    -> where table_name = 'student';+-------------+-----------+| column_name | data_type |+-------------+-----------+| stu_id      | int       || stu_name    | varchar   || stu_tel     | int       || stu_score   | int       |+-------------+-----------+4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
表中原始数据:
mysql> select * from student;+--------+----------+---------+-----------+| stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score |+--------+----------+---------+-----------+|      1 | a        |     151 |        60 ||      2 | b        |     152 |        61 ||      3 | c        |     153 |        62 ||      4 | d        |     154 |        63 |+--------+----------+---------+-----------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

索引创建格式:

create [  ] index  [ using {btree | hash} ] on table specification (  [, ] ) := unique | fulltext | spatial:= [asc | desc]

创建一个最简单的索引:

mysql> create index stu_index     -> on student(stu_id);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
这里创建立一个非唯一性的索引,其中默认使用asc升序排列。

如果没有指定using声明的话,mysql自动创建一个B树。所以上面的索引其实是这样子的:

mysql> create index stu_index using btree     -> on student(stu_id asc);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
当然,btree索引可以换成哈希索引。

也可以为多个列创建唯一的索引:

mysql> create unique index stu_index using hash     -> on student(stu_id,stu_name);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
添加索引:
mysql> alter table student    -> add unique index stu_index2    -> using hash (stu_tel);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
删除索引:
mysql> drop index stu_index on student;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.22 sec)Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
创建表时定义索引:
mysql> create table student(    -> stu_id          int primary key,    -> stu_name        varchar(5) not null,    -> stu_tel         int(5) unique,    -> stu_score       int(2),    -> index stu_index(stu_id)    -> );

只需在表的最后添加创建索引的语句即可。

视图是数据库中的虚拟表,它存储的不是自己的内容,而是经过select从其他表整合而来的。当其他表的内容改变是,视图内的内容跟着改变。在一定条件下,对视图的更新也将改变源表。

创建视图:

create [ or replace ] view  [] as  [with [ cascaded |local ] check option ]mysql> create view view1 as    -> (select * from student);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
mysql> select * from view1;+--------+----------+---------+-----------+| stu_id | stu_name | stu_tel | stu_score |+--------+----------+---------+-----------+|      1 | a        |     151 |        60 ||      2 | b        |     152 |        61 ||      3 | c        |     153 |        62 ||      4 | d        |     154 |        63 |+--------+----------+---------+-----------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
创建视图时,如果视图已存在,可用replace重新覆盖创建。

创建视图时还可以更改原始列名。

mysql> create or replace view view1(id,name,tel,score) as    -> (select * from student);Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from view1;+----+------+------+-------+| id | name | tel  | score |+----+------+------+-------+|  1 | a    |  151 |    60 ||  2 | b    |  152 |    61 ||  3 | c    |  153 |    62 ||  4 | d    |  154 |    63 |+----+------+------+-------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
当一个视图可以更新时,就能够使用[with [ cascaded |local ] check option ]选项对更新对有效检查。

删除视图:

drop view view1;
bitsCN.com

人气教程排行