详解MySQL中UNION的用法_MySQL

UNION在MySQL4.0以上版本才能可以使用。本节说明如何使用它。

假设有两个表，潜在和实际的客户列表，供应商购买耗材合并所有三个表中的姓名和地址，来创建一个单一的邮件列表。UNION提供了一种方法做到这一点。假设三个表有以下内容：

mysql> SELECT * FROM prospect;
+---------+-------+------------------------+
| fname | lname | addr     |
+---------+-------+------------------------+
| Peter | Jones | 482 Rush St., Apt. 402 |
| Bernice | Smith | 916 Maple Dr.   |
+---------+-------+------------------------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM customer;
+-----------+------------+---------------------+
| last_name | first_name | address    |
+-----------+------------+---------------------+
| Peterson | Grace  | 16055 Seminole Ave. |
| Smith  | Bernice | 916 Maple Dr.  |
| Brown  | Walter  | 8602 1st St.  |
+-----------+------------+---------------------+
mysql> SELECT * FROM vendor;
+-------------------+---------------------+
| company   | street    |
+-------------------+---------------------+
| ReddyParts, Inc. | 38 Industrial Blvd. |
| Parts-to-go, Ltd. | 213B Commerce Park. |
+-------------------+---------------------+

这不要紧，如果所有的三个表具有不同的列名。下面的查询演示了如何选择一下子从三个表的名称和地址：

mysql> SELECT fname, lname, addr FROM prospect
-> UNION
-> SELECT first_name, last_name, address FROM customer
-> UNION
-> SELECT company, '', street FROM vendor;
+-------------------+----------+------------------------+
| fname    | lname | addr     |
+-------------------+----------+------------------------+
| Peter    | Jones | 482 Rush St., Apt. 402 |
| Bernice   | Smith | 916 Maple Dr.   |
| Grace    | Peterson | 16055 Seminole Ave. |
| Walter   | Brown | 8602 1st St.   |
| ReddyParts, Inc. |   | 38 Industrial Blvd. |
| Parts-to-go, Ltd. |   | 213B Commerce Park. |
+-------------------+----------+------------------------+

如果想选择所有记录，包括重复的，请ALL的第一个UNION关键字：

mysql> SELECT fname, lname, addr FROM prospect
-> UNION ALL
-> SELECT first_name, last_name, address FROM customer
-> UNION
-> SELECT company, '', street FROM vendor;
+-------------------+----------+------------------------+
| fname    | lname | addr     |
+-------------------+----------+------------------------+
| Peter    | Jones | 482 Rush St., Apt. 402 |
| Bernice   | Smith | 916 Maple Dr.   |
| Grace    | Peterson | 16055 Seminole Ave. |
| Bernice   | Smith | 916 Maple Dr.   |
| Walter   | Brown | 8602 1st St.   |
| ReddyParts, Inc. |   | 38 Industrial Blvd. |
| Parts-to-go, Ltd. |   | 213B Commerce Park. |
+-------------------+----------+------------------------+