时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:33人阅读
MySQL缓存机制简单的说就是缓存sql文本及查询结果,如果运行相同的sql,服务器直接从缓存中取到结果,而不需要再去解析和执行sql。如果表更改 了,那么使用这个表的所有缓冲查询将不再有效,查询缓存值的相关条目被清空。更改指的是表中任何数据或是结构的改变,包括INSERT、UPDATE、 DELETE、TRUNCATE、ALTER TABLE、DROP TABLE或DROP DATABASE等,也包括那些映射到改变了的表的使用MERGE表的查询。显然,这对于频繁更新的表,查询缓存是不适合的,而对于一些不常改变数据且有 大量相同sql查询的表,查询缓存会节约很大的性能。
查询必须是完全相同的(逐字节相同)才能够被认为是相同的。另外,同样的查询字符串由于其它原因可能认为是不同的。使用不同的数据库、不同的协议版本或者不同 默认字符集的查询被认为是不同的查询并且分别进行缓存。
下面sql查询缓存认为是不同的:
- SELECT * FROM tbl_name
- Select * from tbl_name
查询缓存相关参数
- mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%query_cache%';
- +------------------------------+---------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +------------------------------+---------+
- | have_query_cache | YES | --查询缓存是否可用
- | query_cache_limit | 1048576 | --可缓存具体查询结果的最大值
- | query_cache_min_res_unit | 4096 |
- | query_cache_size | 599040 | --查询缓存的大小
- | query_cache_type | ON | --阻止或是支持查询缓存
- | query_cache_wlock_invalidate | OFF |
- +------------------------------+---------+
下面是一个简单的MySQL查询缓存机制例子:
- [mysql@csdba1850 ~]$ mysql -u root -p
- Enter password:
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 3
- Server version: 5.0.45-community MySQL Community Edition (GPL)
- Type 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c' to clear the buffer.
- mysql> set global query_cache_size = 600000; --设置缓存内存
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> set session query_cache_type = ON; --开启查询缓存
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> use test
- Reading table information for completion of table and column names
- You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
- Database changed
- mysql> show tables;
- +----------------+
- | Tables_in_test |
- +----------------+
- | animals |
- | person |
- +----------------+
- 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select count(*) from animals;
- +----------+
- | count(*) |
- +----------+
- | 6 |
- +----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- --Qcache_hits表示sql查询在缓存中命中的累计次数,是累加值。
- mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache_hits';
- +---------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +---------------+-------+
- | Qcache_hits | 0 | --0次
- +---------------+-------+
- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select count(*) from animals;
- +----------+
- | count(*) |
- +----------+
- | 6 |
- +----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache%';
- +---------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +---------------+-------+
- | Qcache_hits | 1 | --表示sql在缓存中直接得到结果,不需要再去解析
- +---------------+-------+
- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select count(*) from animals;
- +----------+
- | count(*) |
- +----------+
- | 6 |
- +----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select count(*) from animals;
- +----------+
- | count(*) |
- +----------+
- | 6 |
- +----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache_hits';
- +---------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +---------------+-------+
- | Qcache_hits | 3 | --上面的sql也是是从缓存中直接取到结果
- +---------------+-------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> insert into animals select 9,'testsds' ; --插入数据后,跟这个表所有相关的sql缓存就会被清空掉
- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
- Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
- mysql> select count(*) from animals;
- +----------+
- | count(*) |
- +----------+
- | 7 |
- +----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache_hits';
- +---------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +---------------+-------+
- | Qcache_hits | 3 | --还是等于3,说明上一条sql是没有直接从缓存中直接得到的
- +---------------+-------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select count(*) from animals;
- +----------+
- | count(*) |
- +----------+
- | 7 |
- +----------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> SHOW STATUS LIKE 'Qcache_hits';
- +---------------+-------+
- | Variable_name | Value |
- +---------------+-------+
- | Qcache_hits | 4 |
- +---------------+-------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)