时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:23人阅读
早打算写些关于数据库操作方面的知识了,现在终于完成了第一篇,以下记录了关于mysql操作方面的基础知识
在window下,启动、停止mysql服务
启动mysql数据库
net start mysql
停止mysql数据库
net stop mysql
重新启动mysql数据库
net restart mysql
命令行形式,mysql基本命令的使用
1、命令的取消
\c
2、退出mysql窗口
exit;或quit;或ctrl+c
3、查看数据库版本号
select version();
4、显示当前存在的数据库
show databases;
5、选择test数据库
use test;
6、查看选择的数据库
select database();
7、设置数据库中文编码
set names utf8;
8、创建一个test数据库
create database test
9、创建一张mtest表
create table mtest(
id tinyint(2) unsigned not null auto_increment,
name varchar(20),
sex char(1),
email varchar(50),
birth datetime,
primary key (id)
);
10、向mtest表中插入一条数据
insert into mtest(`name`,`sex`,`email`,`birth`) values ('zhangsan','1','zhangsan@163.com',now());
11、查询mtest表中name为张三的信息
select * from mtest where name='zhangsan';
12、按照id号降序输出
select * from mtest order by id desc;
13、显示第11至20条数据信息
select * from mtest id limit 10,10;
一.首先配置jdk环境变量:
1.配置jdk的变量名,jdk的目录
2.配置jdk的path(路径\bin;)和mysql的path路径,指定bin目录(cmd下任意目录下可以访问mysql)
3.指定ClassPath
或者看以下配置:
1.环境变量的配置
我的电脑---属性-----高级------环境变量。
方法1 :固定配置:
A.
新建java_home: 找jdk目录。 例如新建 D:\Program Files\Java\jdk( 配置java_home以后就不怕换别的盘符了。直接修改java_home,不用修改path了)
B.
编辑path: 找bin路径。 在路径后面添加bin的路径 %java_home%\bin或者在没有配置java_home的情况下直接例如D:\Program Files\Java\jdk\bin(查找顺序,先在本目录查找,然后再在path路径查找。)
C.
CLASSpath 新建 确定找生成的.class目录。进入.java的目录后,如果在classpath中设置了.classpath的路径,就可以在dos环境下任意的目录下找到.class文件
二:
三.
创建数据库:
create database 数据库名;
mysql> create database sql_db; mysql> use sql_db;
删除数据库:
drop database 数据库名;
在数据中(标准语句)
创建表:
create table 货物信息 (名称 类型 null|not null 主键或者唯一键,……);//包含了创建表时就建立约束语法。
mysql> create table student (id int not null auto_increment primary key,name varchar(10),cid int); mysql> create table class (id int not null auto_increment primary key,name varchar(10));
删除表:
drop table 表名;
修改表 :
alter table 表名
增加列: add column 列名 数据类型(长度)null or not null 主键or唯一键;ADD [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name ]
mysql> alter table student add column age int ;
删除列: drop column 列名;DROP [COLUMN] col_name
mysql> alter table student drop column age;
更改列: change column 原列名 新列名 数据类型(长度); CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name column_definition [FIRST|AFTER col_name]
modify column 列名 数据类型(长度);MODIFY [COLUMN] column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name]
column_definition:
col_name data_type [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT default_value] [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY] | [PRIMARY] KEY] [COMMENT 'string'] [reference_definition]
mysql> desc class; +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | | | name | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 如果想去除自动增长,则 先删除主键,再修改。 mysql> alter table class drop primary key; mysql> desc class; +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | name | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> alter table class modify column id int null;
如果没有在原始没有给列添加为主键,可以 添加和删除约束的方法。
alter table 表名 add primary key(id);或者更改列 mysql> alter table 表 change id id int primary key;
例子:
mysql> alter table 表名 add primary key(id);
删除主键:
alter table 表名 drop primary key();
例子:
mysql> alter table emp drop primary key;
四.
表数据中的增删改查
1.向表中添加数据:(全部插入)insert into 表名 valus('','',……,'');
(部分插入)insert into 表名(列x,列y,……,列z) valus('','',……,'');
student中 (自动增长,赋予0和null 并不影响自动增长性。):
mysql> insert into student values(0,'s1',1); mysql> insert into student values(0,'s2',2); mysql> insert into student values(0,'s3',null);
mysql> insert into student values(0,'s3',3);//将在2中被删除 mysql> insert into student values(0,'s4',3); mysql> insert into student(id,name) values(0,'s5');
class中:
mysql> insert into class(id,name) values(1,'c1'); mysql> insert into class(id,name) values(null,'c2'); //指定id为4 mysql> insert into class(id,name) values(2,'c3'); mysql> select * from class; +----+------+ | id | name | +----+------+ | 1 | c1 | | 2 | c2 | | 4 | c3 | +----+------+
2.向表中删除行数据:delect from 表名;(清空表)
delect from 表名 where [检索条件表达式]
mysql> delete from student where id=4;
3.更改表中的数据:update 表名 set 列名='表达式' [from 另一表名] where [检索条件表达式];
mysql> update student set name='s11' where id=1;
4.查询表中的数据:select */表字段1,表字段2,……表字段n from 表名 【where 查询条件】;
mysql> select * from student; mysql> select * from student where id=1; mysql> select id,name from student; mysql> select id,name from student where id in(1,3,4);//in表示集合。
特殊查询:
//增加一列
mysql> alter table student add column createDate date;
//查询是否增加
mysql> select * from student; +----+------+------+------------+ | id | name | cid | createDate | +----+------+------+------------+ | 1 | s11 | 1 | NULL | | 2 | s2 | 2 | NULL | | 3 | s3 | NULL | NULL | | 5 | s4 | 3 | NULL | | 6 | s5 | NULL | NULL | +----+------+------+------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//插入date类型格式的日期。 mysql> update student set createDate='2012-11-16' where id=3;//date时间类型 yyyy-mm-dd 格式 。createDate='2012-9-8',必须这么写。 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from student; +----+------+------+------------+ | id | name | cid | createDate | +----+------+------+------------+ | 1 | s11 | 1 | NULL | | 2 | s2 | 2 | NULL | | 3 | s3 | NULL | 2012-11-16 | | 5 | s4 | 3 | NULL | | 6 | s5 | NULL | NULL | +----+------+------+------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//插入当前日期 mysql> update student set createDate=now() where id=5; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from student; +----+------+------+------------+ | id | name | cid | createDate | +----+------+------+------------+ | 1 | s11 | 1 | NULL | | 2 | s2 | 2 | NULL | | 3 | s3 | NULL | 2012-11-16 | | 5 | s4 | 3 | 2012-11-17 | | 6 | s5 | NULL | NULL | +----+------+------+------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
统计查询(sum.avg,count)
mysql> select count(*) from student where id>3; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 2 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.03 sec) mysql> select count(name) from student where id>3; +-------------+ | count(name) | +-------------+ | 2 | +-------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select sum(id) from student; +---------+ | sum(id) | +---------+ | 17 | +---------+ 1 row in set (0.03 sec)
查询最大的id mysql> select max(id) from student; +---------+ | max(id) | +---------+ | 6 | +---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 查询最小的id mysql> select min(id) from student; +---------+ | min(id) | +---------+ | 1 | +---------+ 1 row in set (0.07 sec)
分页查询(mysql专用):
page表示要查询的页码(1开始),pagesize表示一页显示多少条记录
begin=(page-1)*pagesize;表示查询页开始的行号。 注意:行记录是从0开始
mysql> select * from 表 limit begin,pagesize; mysql> select * from student limit 0,3; +----+------+------+------------+ | id | name | cid | createDate | +----+------+------+------------+ | 1 | s11 | 1 | NULL | | 2 | s2 | 2 | NULL | | 3 | s3 | NULL | 2012-11-16 | +----+------+------+------------+ 3 rows in set (0.03 sec) mysql> select * from student limit 3,3; +----+------+------+------------+ | id | name | cid | createDate | +----+------+------+------------+ | 5 | s4 | 3 | 2012-11-17 | | 6 | s5 | NULL | NULL | +----+------+------+------------+
查询 id<3的,再以分页显示 mysql> select * from student where id<2 limit 0,3; +----+------+------+------------+ | id | name | cid | createDate | +----+------+------+------------+ | 1 | s11 | 1 | NULL | +----+------+------+------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //降序 mysql> select * from student order by id desc; +----+------+------+------------+ | id | name | cid | createDate | +----+------+------+------------+ | 6 | s5 | NULL | NULL | | 5 | s4 | 3 | 2012-11-17 | | 3 | s3 | NULL | 2012-11-16 | | 2 | s2 | 2 | NULL | | 1 | s11 | 1 | NULL | +----+------+------+------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) 升序(默认) mysql> select * from student order by id asc; +----+------+------+------------+ | id | name | cid | createDate | +----+------+------+------------+ | 1 | s11 | 1 | NULL | | 2 | s2 | 2 | NULL | | 3 | s3 | NULL | 2012-11-16 | | 5 | s4 | 3 | 2012-11-17 | | 6 | s5 | NULL | NULL | +----+------+------+------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) 查询id>2的,降序排列,分页查询 mysql> select * from student where id >2 order by id desc limit 0,2; +----+------+------+------------+ | id | name | cid | createDate | +----+------+------+------------+ | 6 | s5 | NULL | NULL | | 5 | s4 | 3 | 2012-11-17 | +----+------+------+------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
链接查询(针对2个表):
3.关联查询:
mysql> select * from 表1,表2 where 表1.列1=表2.列2
mysql> select * from student s,class c where s.cid=c.id; +----+------+------+------------+------+------+ | id | name | cid | createDate | id | name | +----+------+------+------------+------+------+ | 1 | s11 | 1 | NULL | 1