时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:48人阅读
本文实例分析了mysql存储emoji表情报错的处理方法。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
utf-8编码可能2个字节、3个字节、4个字节的字符,但是MySQL的utf8编码只支持3字节的数据,而移动端的表情数据是4个字节的字符。如果直接往采用utf-8编码的数据库中插入表情数据,Java程序中将报SQL异常:
java.sql.SQLException: Incorrect string value: '\xF0\x9F\x92\x94' for column 'name' at row 1
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1073)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3593)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3525)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1986)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2140)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2620)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1662)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1581)
可以对4字节的字符进行编码存储,然后取出来的时候,再进行解码。但是这样做会使得任何使用该字符的地方都要进行编码与解码。
utf8mb4编码是utf8编码的超集,兼容utf8,并且能存储4字节的表情字符。
采用utf8mb4编码的好处是:存储与获取数据的时候,不用再考虑表情字符的编码与解码问题。
更改数据库的编码为utf8mb4:
1. MySQL的版本
utf8mb4的最低mysql版本支持版本为5.5.3+,若不是,请升级到较新版本。
2. MySQL驱动
5.1.34可用,最低不能低于5.1.13
3.修改MySQL配置文件
修改mysql配置文件my.cnf(windows为my.ini)
my.cnf一般在etc/mysql/my.cnf位置。找到后请在以下三部分里添加如下内容:
[client] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysql] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysqld] character-set-client-handshake = FALSE character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
4. 重启数据库,检查变量
Variable_name | Value |
---|---|
character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
character_set_filesystem | binary |
character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
character_set_system | utf8 |
collation_connection | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
collation_database | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
collation_server | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
collation_connection 、collation_database 、collation_server是什么没关系。
但必须保证
系统变量 | 描述 |
---|---|
character_set_client | (客户端来源数据使用的字符集) |
character_set_connection | (连接层字符集) |
character_set_database | (当前选中数据库的默认字符集) |
character_set_results | (查询结果字符集) |
character_set_server | (默认的内部操作字符集) |
这几个变量必须是utf8mb4。
5. 数据库连接的配置
数据库连接参数中:
characterEncoding=utf8
会被自动识别为utf8mb4,也可以不加这个参数,会自动检测。
而autoReconnect=true
是必须加上的。
6. 将数据库和已经建好的表也转换成utf8mb4
更改数据库编码:
更改表编码:
如有必要,还可以更改列的编码
7、在第3步设置character_set_database,character_set_server不成功的可以试下直接在mysql.exe下
set @@character_set_server='utf8mb4'; set @@character_set_database='utf8mb4';
这下数据库就可以存下emoji表情的编码了。
附上我的my.ini
# For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html # *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the # *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you # *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL. [client] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysql] default-character-set = utf8mb4 [mysqld] character-set-client-handshake = FALSE character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4' # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required. # basedir = ..... # datadir = ..... # port = ..... # server_id = ..... # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
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