PHP、Python和Javascript的装饰器模式对比_PHP

例如，有一个技术论坛，用户通过留言进行沟通，由于刚开始论坛里都是熟人，几乎都不需要对留言的内容作出审核，接收留言的页面可以是这样:

class SaveMsg(){
 private $msg;
 public function __construct($msg){
 $this->msg=$msg;
 }
 public function __store(){
 //存入数据库
 }
}

后来，随着论坛逐渐出名，就有一些人在上面发链接，就需要对含有链接的消息进行过滤，论坛进一步发展，发现除开发垃圾链接的外，还有很多无用的灌水，到后来可能还有攻击等等各种不正常的帖子，所以对论坛帖子的管理，可以单独抽象出一个类进行管理，当需要扩充过滤规则时，可以进行动态扩充。

//基类
abstract class Filter{
 abstract public function isForbid();
}
//基础过滤类
class MsgFilter extends Filter{
 public $content;
 public function __construct($msg){
 $this->content=$msg;
 }
 public function isForbid(){
 if(preg_match("/https?/i",$this->content)){
 return [true,"Not Allowed Urls"];
 }else{
 return [false];
 }
 }
}
//装饰器，用来扩充功能
abstract class FilterDecorator extends Filter{
 protected $obj;
 public function __construct(Filter $obj){
 $this->obj=$obj;
 }
}
//新过滤器，判断是否重复发帖
class repeat extends FilterDecorator{
 public function isForbid(){
 if($this->obj->isForbid()[0] === true){
 //判定是否包含url
 return $this->obj->isForbid();
 }else if($this->obj->content == "this is a test"){
 //判定是否重复发帖
 return [true,"Repeat Posts"];
 }else{
 return [false];
 }
 }
}
$test = new MsgFilter("httpsfdjoafdsajof");
print_r($test->isForbid());//被禁止
$test2 = new repeat(new MsgFilter("this is a test"));
print_r($test2->isForbid());//被禁止

在python中，不存在抽象类和方法，实现就更加简单:

#!/usr/bin/env python
class Filter():
  pass
class MsgFilter(Filter):
  def __init__(self,msg):
    self.content=msg
  def isForbid(self):
    if('http' in self.content):
      return [True,"Not Allowed Urls"]
    else:
      return [False]
class FilterDecorator(Filter):
  def __init__(self,obj):
    self._obj=obj
class Repeat(FilterDecorator):
  def isForbid(self):
    if self._obj.isForbid()[0]:
      return self._obj.isForbid()
    elif self._obj.content == 'this is a test':
      return [True,"Repeat Posts"];
    else:
      return [False]
test = MsgFilter("this is a content have http urls")
print test.isForbid()
test2 = Repeat(MsgFilter('this is a test'))
print test2.isForbid()

Javascript中，没有严格的类，所有继承都基于原型，理解起来会稍费功夫:

function MsgFilter(msg){
 this.content=msg;
 this.isForbid=function(){
 if(this.content.match(/http/g)){
 return [true,"Not Allowed Urls"];
 }else {
 return [false];
 }
 }
}
function Repeat(obj){
 var _obj=obj;
 this.isForbid=function(){
 if(_obj.isForbid[0] === true){
 return _obj.isForbid();
 }else if(_obj.content=='this is a test'){
 return [true,"Repeat Posts"];
 }else{
 return [false];
 }
 }
}
var test = new MsgFilter("his is a content have http urls");
console.log(test.isForbid());
var test2 = new Repeat(new MsgFilter("this is a test"));
console.log(test2.isForbid());

由于Javascript缺少类的特性，继承对于它来说就显得有点鸡肋了，上面的代码看起来更像是对两个函数的处理, 在python中，有更加简单的添加装饰器的方法，直接通过”@”给函数自动添加装饰器，达到扩展功能的目的，如:

def Decorator(F):
  def newF(age):
    print "You Are Calling",F.__name__
    F(age)
  return newF
@Decorator
#通过@给函数showAge添加装饰器Decorator
def showAge(age):
  print "hello , i am %d years old"%age
showAge(10)

装饰模式的目的是解决动态扩展功能的难题，装饰模式的本质是对对象的灵活处理，理解装饰模式，不仅能深入了解面向对象的程序设计，更能提高编程的思维能力。