时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:30人阅读
CI(CodeIgniter)是我最早接触的一个框架,到现在也只是用了其中一点零碎的方法。一直想对其流程做个小结,却总是因各种各样的“理由”挨着。看见别人图表齐上阵,没那耐心,就从代码说起吧,权当做个笔记,纪念一下。
看在线的用户手册,也知道,将CI下载下来(最新版本2.2.1),解压到机子上,比如www目录,可改个根目录名(原名CodeIgniter-2.2-stable太长),初步目录文件如下,当然这在是windows下面。
访问下,如localhost/ci/index.php,就进入CI默认的Welcome页面
如何一步步加载这个页面的?首先访问的是index.php脚本
1 php 2 3 /* 4 *--------------------------------------------------------------- 5 * APPLICATION ENVIRONMENT 6 *--------------------------------------------------------------- 7 * 8 * You can load different configurations depending on your 9 * current environment. Setting the environment also influences 10 * things like logging and error reporting. 11 * 12 * This can be set to anything, but default usage is: 13 * 14 * development 15 * testing 16 * production 17 * 18 * NOTE: If you change these, also change the error_reporting() code below 19 * 20 */ 21 define('ENVIRONMENT', 'development'); 22 /* 23 *--------------------------------------------------------------- 24 * ERROR REPORTING 25 *--------------------------------------------------------------- 26 * 27 * Different environments will require different levels of error reporting. 28 * By default development will show errors but testing and live will hide them. 29 */ 30 31 if (defined('ENVIRONMENT')) 32 { 33 switch (ENVIRONMENT) 34 { 35 case 'development': 36 error_reporting(E_ALL); 37 break; 38 39 case 'testing': 40 case 'production': 41 error_reporting(0); 42 break; 43 44 default: 45 exit('The application environment is not set correctly.'); 46 } 47 } 48 49 /* 50 *--------------------------------------------------------------- 51 * SYSTEM FOLDER NAME 52 *--------------------------------------------------------------- 53 * 54 * This variable must contain the name of your "system" folder. 55 * Include the path if the folder is not in the same directory 56 * as this file. 57 * 58 */ 59 $system_path = 'system'; 60 61 /* 62 *--------------------------------------------------------------- 63 * APPLICATION FOLDER NAME 64 *--------------------------------------------------------------- 65 * 66 * If you want this front controller to use a different "application" 67 * folder then the default one you can set its name here. The folder 68 * can also be renamed or relocated anywhere on your server. If 69 * you do, use a full server path. For more info please see the user guide: 70 * http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/general/managing_apps.html 71 * 72 * NO TRAILING SLASH! 73 * 74 */ 75 $application_folder = 'application'; 76 77 /* 78 * -------------------------------------------------------------------- 79 * DEFAULT CONTROLLER 80 * -------------------------------------------------------------------- 81 * 82 * Normally you will set your default controller in the routes.php file. 83 * You can, however, force a custom routing by hard-coding a 84 * specific controller class/function here. For most applications, you 85 * WILL NOT set your routing here, but it's an option for those 86 * special instances where you might want to override the standard 87 * routing in a specific front controller that shares a common CI installation. 88 * 89 * IMPORTANT: If you set the routing here, NO OTHER controller will be 90 * callable. In essence, this preference limits your application to ONE 91 * specific controller. Leave the function name blank if you need 92 * to call functions dynamically via the URI. 93 * 94 * Un-comment the $routing array below to use this feature 95 * 96 */ 97 // The directory name, relative to the "controllers" folder. Leave blank 98 // if your controller is not in a sub-folder within the "controllers" folder 99 // $routing['directory'] = ''; 100 101 // The controller class file name. Example: Mycontroller 102 // $routing['controller'] = ''; 103 104 // The controller function you wish to be called. 105 // $routing['function'] = ''; 106 107 108 /* 109 * ------------------------------------------------------------------- 110 * CUSTOM CONFIG VALUES 111 * ------------------------------------------------------------------- 112 * 113 * The $assign_to_config array below will be passed dynamically to the 114 * config class when initialized. This allows you to set custom config 115 * items or override any default config values found in the config.php file. 116 * This can be handy as it permits you to share one application between 117 * multiple front controller files, with each file containing different 118 * config values. 119 * 120 * Un-comment the $assign_to_config array below to use this feature 121 * 122 */ 123 // $assign_to_config['name_of_config_item'] = 'value of config item'; 124 125 126 127 // -------------------------------------------------------------------- 128 // END OF USER CONFIGURABLE SETTINGS. DO NOT EDIT BELOW THIS LINE 129 // -------------------------------------------------------------------- 130 131 /* 132 * --------------------------------------------------------------- 133 * Resolve the system path for increased reliability 134 * --------------------------------------------------------------- 135 */ 136 137 // Set the current directory correctly for CLI requests 138 if (defined('STDIN')) 139 { 140 chdir(dirname(__FILE__)); 141 } 142 143 if (realpath($system_path) !== FALSE) 144 { 145 $system_path = realpath($system_path).'/'; 146 } 147 148 // ensure there's a trailing slash 149 $system_path = rtrim($system_path, '/').'/'; 150 151 // Is the system path correct? 152 if ( ! is_dir($system_path)) 153 { 154 exit("Your system folder path does not appear to be set correctly. Please open the following file and correct this: ".pathinfo(__FILE__, PATHINFO_BASENAME)); 155 } 156 157 /* 158 * ------------------------------------------------------------------- 159 * Now that we know the path, set the main path constants 160 * ------------------------------------------------------------------- 161 */ 162 // The name of THIS file 163 define('SELF', pathinfo(__FILE__, PATHINFO_BASENAME)); 164 165 // The PHP file extension 166 // this global constant is deprecated. 167 define('EXT', '.php'); 168 169 // Path to the system folder 170 define('BASEPATH', str_replace("\\", "/", $system_path)); 171 172 // Path to the front controller (this file) 173 define('FCPATH', str_replace(SELF, '', __FILE__)); 174 175 // Name of the "system folder" 176 define('SYSDIR', trim(strrchr(trim(BASEPATH, '/'), '/'), '/')); 177 178 179 // The path to the "application" folder 180 if (is_dir($application_folder)) 181 { 182 define('APPPATH', $application_folder.'/'); 183 } 184 else 185 { 186 if ( ! is_dir(BASEPATH.$application_folder.'/')) 187 { 188 exit("Your application folder path does not appear to be set correctly. Please open the following file and correct this: ".SELF); 189 } 190 191 define('APPPATH', BASEPATH.$application_folder.'/'); 192 } 193 194 /* 195 * -------------------------------------------------------------------- 196 * LOAD THE BOOTSTRAP FILE 197 * -------------------------------------------------------------------- 198 * 199 * And away we go... 200 * 201 */ 202 require_once BASEPATH.'core/CodeIgniter.php'; 203 204 /* End of file index.php */ 205 /* Location: ./index.php */View Code
21行:首先定义一个ENVIRONMENT常量为development,即开发环境。
31-47行:switch语句,由于当前环境是development,所以是设置报告所有级别的错误。
49-59行:$system_path变量定义CI的默认的系统脚本目录是 system,61-75行定义当前默认的供我们主要开发用的目录为 application。
77-105行:全部注释掉了,这里是我们可以强制设置系统加载时默认的目录名($routing['directory'])、控制器名($routing['directory'])和方法名($routing['directory']),虽然一般这些是设置在application\config\routes.php中(下图),访问的Welcome页面也是通过这个默认控制器Welcome类进行的,这里只是作为一个选择性的方式,其实没必要弄
108-129行:全部注释掉,用于自定义配置变量(CUSTOM CONFIG VALUES),前一篇说过,任何后端project中,总有些配置信息,只是各个项目或框架加载方式不同,这个$assign_to_config数组就存放我们的自定义配置信息,如$assign_to_config['home'] = 'localhost'; ,之所以注释掉,又是因为这只是一个可选的操作,CI的用户自定义配置信息,一般放在application\config目录下边,以自动加载信息(autoload.php),普通配置信息(config.php)、常量(constants.php)、数据库(database.php)等分开文件存储,所以一般不会在这里的去配置一个要用到的变量,$assign_to_config默认是没有定义的。
从131行到index.php文件末尾主要是对一些路径变量的定义。
137-141行:是为CLI(Command-Interface Line)的调用方式准备的,是直接在Mac/Linux系统上通过终端命令运行脚本,这个在CI中文官网(http://codeigniter.org.cn/user_guide/general/cli.html)也有介绍,如果定义了名为STDIN的常量,则将执行目录改为当前文件所在目录,当然前面没有出现过STDIN这个常量的定义,这里就不会执行了。
143-155行:确定框架存放系统脚本的目录变量$system_path,也就是前面图中的system目录,这里会检测它的有效性,无效的话程序就挂在这里了。
157-192行:定义若干主要目录常量,分别是SELF:当前脚本的文件名、EXT:脚本扩展名、BASEPATH:system目录的路径、FCPATH:当前脚本所在的目录、SYSDIR:system目录的目录名,不改动的话就是system。
179-194行:定义APPPATH常量,确定application所在的目录,就是以后我们主要开发的地方,使用is_dir检测,稍微注意的是is_dir可以检测相对目录,所以实际运行的是if里边的代码,APPPATH得到的是相对路径。
最后打印看看这些变(常)量的值都是啥,有的与存放目录相关:
202行:加载BASEPATH.'core/CodeIgniter.php'脚本,就是system目录下的核心类文件目录下的文件,进入到CI的核心类目录下的文件了。
=====================================================================================================
1 if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed'); 2 /** 3 * CodeIgniter 4 * 5 * An open source application development framework for PHP 5.1.6 or newer 6 * 7 * @package CodeIgniter 8 * @author EllisLab Dev Team 9 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. 10 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2014 - 2015, British Columbia Institute of Technology (http://bcit.ca/) 11 * @license http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/license.html 12 * @link http://codeigniter.com 13 * @since Version 1.0 14 * @filesource 15 */ 16 17 // ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 19 /** 20 * System Initialization File 21 * 22 * Loads the base classes and executes the request. 23 * 24 * @package CodeIgniter 25 * @subpackage codeigniter 26 * @category Front-controller 27 * @author EllisLab Dev Team 28 * @link http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/ 29 */ 30 31 /** 32 * CodeIgniter Version 33 * 34 * @var string 35 * 36 */ 37 define('CI_VERSION', '2.2.1'); 38 39 /** 40 * CodeIgniter Branch (Core = TRUE, Reactor = FALSE) 41 * 42 * @var boolean 43 * 44 */ 45 define('CI_CORE', FALSE); 46 47 /* 48 * ------------------------------------------------------ 49 * Load the global functions 50 * ------------------------------------------------------ 51 */ 52 require(BASEPATH.'core/Common.php'); 53 54 /* 55 * ------------------------------------------------------ 56 * Load the framework constants 57 * ------------------------------------------------------ 58 */ 59 if (defined('ENVIRONMENT') AND file_exists(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/constants.php')) 60 { 61 require(APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/constants.php'); 62 } 63 else 64 { 65 require(APPPATH.'config/constants.php'); 66 } 67 68 /* 69 * ------------------------------------------------------ 70 * Define a custom error handler so we can log PHP errors 71 * ------------------------------------------------------ 72 */ 73 set_error_handler('_exception_handler'); 74 75 if ( ! is_php('5.3')) 76 { 77 @set_magic_quotes_runtime(0); // Kill magic quotes 78 } 79 80 /* 81 * ------------------------------------------------------ 82 * Set the subclass_prefix 83 * ------------------------------------------------------ 84 * 85 * Normally the "subclass_prefix" is set in the config file. 86 * The subclass prefix allows CI to know if a core class is 87 * being extended via a library in the local application 88 * "libraries" folder. Since CI allows config items to be 89 * overriden via data set in the main index. php file, 90 * before proceeding we need to know if a subclass_prefix 91 * override exists. If so, we will set this value now, 92 * before any classes are loaded 93 * Note: Since the config file data is cached it doesn't 94 * hurt to load it here. 95 */ 96 if (isset($assign_to_config['subclass_prefix']) AND $assign_to_config['subclass_prefix'] != '') 97 { 98 get_config(array('subclass_prefix' => $assign_to_config['subclass_prefix'])); 99 } 100 101 /* 102 * ------------------------------------------------------ 103 * Set a liberal script execution time limit 104 * ------------------------------------------------------ 105 */ 106 if (function_exists("set_time_limit") == TRUE AND @ini_get("safe_mode") == 0) 107 { 108 @set_time_limit(300); 109 } 110 111 /* 112 * ------------------------------------------------------ 113 * Start the timer... tick tock tick tock... 114 * ------------------------------------------------------ 115 */ 116 $BM =& load_class('Benchmark', 'core'); 117 $BM->mark('total_execution_time_start'); 118 $BM->mark('loading_time:_base_classes_start'); 119 120 /* 121 * ------------------------------------------------------ 122 * Instantiate the hooks class 123 * ------------------------------------------------------ 124 */ 125 $EXT =& load_class('Hooks', 'core'); 126 127 /* 128 * ------------------------------------------------------ 129 * Is there a "pre_system" hook? 130 * ------------------------------------------------------ 131 */ 132 $EXT->_call_hook('pre_system'); 133 134 /* 135 * ------------------------------------------------------ 136 * Instantiate the config class 137 * ------------------------------------------------------ 138 */ 139 $CFG =& load_class('Config', 'core'); 140 141 // Do we have any manually set config items in the index.php file? 142 if (isset($assign_to_config)) 143 { 144 $CFG->_assign_to_config($assign_to_config); 145 } 146 147 /* 148 * ------------------------------------------------------ 149 * Instantiate the UTF-8 class 150 * ------------------------------------------------------ 151 * 152 * Note: Order here is rather important as the UTF-8 153 * class needs to be used very early on, but it cannot 154 * properly determine if UTf-8 can be supported until 155 * after the Config class is instantiated. 156 * 157 */ 158 159 $UNI =& load_class('Utf8', 'core'); 160 161 /* 162 * ------------------------------------------------------ 163 * Instantiate the URI class 164 * ------------------------------------------------------ 165 */ 166 $URI =& load_class('URI', 'core'); 167 168 /* 169 * ------------------------------------------------------ 170 * Instantiate the routing class and set the routing 171 * ------------------------------------------------------ 172 */ 173 $RTR =& load_class('Router', 'core'); 174 $RTR->_set_routing(); 175 176 // Set any routing overrides that may exist in the main index file 177 if (isset($routing)) 178 { 179 $RTR->_set_overrides($routing); 180 } 181 182 /* 183 * ------------------------------------------------------ 184 * Instantiate the output class 185 * ------------------------------------------------------ 186 */ 187 $OUT =& load_class('Output', 'core'); 188 189 /* 190 * ------------------------------------------------------ 191 * Is there a valid cache file? If so, we're done... 192 * ------------------------------------------------------ 193 */ 194 if ($EXT->_call_hook('cache_override') === FALSE) 195 { 196 if ($OUT->_display_cache($CFG, $URI) == TRUE) 197 { 198 exit; 199 } 200 } 201 202 /* 203 * ----------------------------------------------------- 204 * Load the security class for xss and csrf support 205 * ----------------------------------------------------- 206 */ 207 $SEC =& load_class('Security', 'core'); 208 209 /* 210 * ------------------------------------------------------ 211 * Load the Input class and sanitize globals 212 * ------------------------------------------------------ 213 */ 214 $IN =& load_class('Input', 'core'); 215 216 /* 217 * ------------------------------------------------------ 218 * Load the Language class 219 * ------------------------------------------------------ 220 */ 221 $LANG =& load_class('Lang', 'core'); 222 223 /* 224 * ------------------------------------------------------ 225 * Load the app controller and local controller 226 * ------------------------------------------------------ 227 * 228 */ 229 // Load the base controller class 230 require BASEPATH.'core/Controller.php'; 231 232 function &get_instance() 233 { 234 return CI_Controller::get_instance(); 235 } 236 237 238 if (file_exists(APPPATH.'core/'.$CFG->config['subclass_prefix'].'Controller.php')) 239 { 240 require APPPATH.'core/'.$CFG->config['subclass_prefix'].'Controller.php'; 241 } 242 243 // Load the local application controller 244 // Note: The Router class automatically validates the controller path using the router->_validate_request(). 245 // If this include fails it means that the default controller in the Routes.php file is not resolving to something valid. 246 if ( ! file_exists(APPPATH.'controllers/'.$RTR->fetch_directory().$RTR->fetch_class().'.php')) 247 { 248 show_error('Unable to load your default controller. Please make sure the controller specified in your Routes.php file is valid.'); 249 } 250 251 include(APPPATH.'controllers/'.$RTR->fetch_directory().$RTR->fetch_class().'.php'); 252 253 // Set a mark point for benchmarking 254 $BM->mark('loading_time:_base_classes_end'); 255 256 /* 257 * ------------------------------------------------------ 258 * Security check 259 * ------------------------------------------------------ 260 * 261 * None of the functions in the app controller or the 262 * loader class can be called via the URI, nor can 263 * controller functions that begin with an underscore 264 */ 265 $class = $RTR->fetch_class(); 266 $method = $RTR->fetch_method(); 267 268 if ( ! class_exists($class) 269 OR strncmp($method, '_', 1) == 0 270 OR in_array(strtolower($method), array_map('strtolower', get_class_methods('CI_Controller'))) 271 ) 272 { 273 if ( ! empty($RTR->routes['404_override'])) 274 { 275 $x = explode('/', $RTR->routes['404_override']); 276 $class = $x[0]; 277 $method = (isset($x[1]) ? $x[1] : 'index'); 278 if ( ! class_exists($class)) 279 { 280 if ( ! file_exists(APPPATH.'controllers/'.$class.'.php')) 281 { 282 show_404("{$class}/{$method}"); 283 } 284 285 include_once(APPPATH.'controllers/'.$class.'.php'); 286 } 287 } 288 else 289 { 290 show_404("{$class}/{$method}"); 291 } 292 } 293 294 /* 295 * ------------------------------------------------------ 296 * Is there a "pre_controller" hook? 297 * ------------------------------------------------------ 298 */ 299 $EXT->_call_hook('pre_controller'); 300 301 /* 302 * ------------------------------------------------------ 303 * Instantiate the requested controller 304 * ------------------------------------------------------ 305 */ 306 // Mark a start point so we can benchmark the controller 307 $BM->mark('controller_execution_time_( '.$class.' / '.$method.' )_start'); 308 309 $CI = new $class(); 310 311 /* 312 * ------------------------------------------------------ 313 * Is there a "post_controller_constructor" hook? 314 * ------------------------------------------------------ 315 */ 316 $EXT->_call_hook('post_controller_constructor'); 317 318 /* 319 * ------------------------------------------------------ 320 * Call the requested method 321 * ------------------------------------------------------ 322 */ 323 // Is there a "remap" function? If so, we call it instead 324 if (method_exists($CI, '_remap')) 325 { 326 $CI->_remap($method, array_slice($URI->rsegments, 2)); 327 } 328 else 329 { 330 // is_callable() returns TRUE on some versions of PHP 5 for private and protected 331 // methods, so we'll use this workaround for consistent behavior 332 if ( ! in_array(strtolower($method), array_map('strtolower', get_class_methods($CI)))) 333 { 334 // Check and see if we are using a 404 override and use it. 335 if ( ! empty($RTR->routes['404_override'])) 336 { 337 $x = explode('/', $RTR->routes['404_override']); 338 $class = $x[0]; 339 $method = (isset($x[1]) ? $x[1] : 'index'); 340 if ( ! class_exists($class)) 341 { 342 if ( ! file_exists(APPPATH.'controllers/'.$class.'.php')) 343 { 344 show_404("{$class}/{$method}"); 345 } 346 347 include_once(APPPATH.'controllers/'.$class.'.php'); 348 unset($CI); 349 $CI = new $class(); 350 } 351 } 352 else 353 { 354 show_404("{$class}/{$method}"); 355 } 356 } 357 358 // Call the requested method. 359 // Any URI segments present (besides the class/function) will be passed to the method for convenience 360 call_user_func_array(array(&$CI, $method), array_slice($URI->rsegments, 2)); 361 } 362 363 364 // Mark a benchmark end point 365 $BM->mark('controller_execution_time_( '.$class.' / '.$method.' )_end'); 366 367 /* 368 * ------------------------------------------------------ 369 * Is there a "post_controller" hook? 370 * ------------------------------------------------------ 371 */ 372 $EXT->_call_hook('post_controller'); 373 374 /* 375 * ------------------------------------------------------ 376 * Send the final rendered output to the browser 377 * ------------------------------------------------------ 378 */ 379 if ($EXT->_call_hook('display_override') === FALSE) 380 { 381 $OUT->_display(); 382 } 383 384 /* 385 * ------------------------------------------------------ 386 * Is there a "post_system" hook? 387 * ------------------------------------------------------ 388 */ 389 $EXT->_call_hook('post_system'); 390 391 /* 392 * ------------------------------------------------------ 393 * Close the DB connection if one exists 394 * ------------------------------------------------------ 395 */ 396 if (class_exists('CI_DB') AND isset($CI->db)) 397 { 398 $CI->db->close(); 399 } 400 401 402 /* End of file CodeIgniter.php */ 403 /* Location: ./system/core/CodeIgniter.php */View Code
在CodeIgniter中,可以看到开头的英文描述,该脚本时系统初始化文件,主要作用是装载基类和执行请求。
31-45行:定义了CI_VERSION常量,描述当前框架版本,CI_CORE常量,目前我也不清楚没探究过,注释是CI的分支,啥意思?
52行:加载系统核心目录下的Common.php文件,Load the global functions,记得前一篇中说到,一般一个项目会将很多公共方法放在一个脚本中加载进来,通常取名Utilities.php,也可是Common.php,这里的Common.php也是这个意思,如它的解释是“加载全局函数”,即这里的函数都是后边直接拿来用的。在这个脚本中有两个重要的方法(目前来说)一个是get_config,单独拿出来如下
1 php 2 /** 3 * Loads the main config.php file 4 * 5 * This function lets us grab the config file even if the Config class 6 * hasn't been instantiated yet 7 * 8 * @access private 9 * @return array 10 */ 11 if ( ! function_exists('get_config')) 12 { 13 function &get_config($replace = array()) 14 { 15 static $_config; 16 17 if (isset($_config)) 18 { 19 return $_config[0]; 20 } 21 22 // Is the config file in the environment folder? 23 if ( ! defined('ENVIRONMENT') OR ! file_exists($file_path = APPPATH.'config/'.ENVIRONMENT.'/config.php')) 24 { 25 $file_path = APPPATH.'config/config.php'; 26 } 27 28 // Fetch the config file 29 if ( ! file_exists($file_path)) 30 { 31 exit('The configuration file does not exist.'); 32 } 33 34 require($file_path); 35 36 // Does the $config array exist in the file? 37 if ( ! isset($config) OR ! is_array($config)) 38 { 39 exit('Your config file does not appear to be formatted correctly.'); 40 } 41 42 // Are any values being dynamically replaced? 43 if (count($replace) > 0) 44 { 45 foreach ($replace as $key => $val) 46 { 47 if (isset($config[$key])) 48 { 49 $config[$key] = $val; 50 } 51 } 52 } 53 54 $_config[0] =& $config; 55 return $_config[0]; 56 } 57 }View Code
注释说它加载主要的config.php文件,它使得我们能抓取到配置文件,即便配置类还未被实例化。在CI中,有专门的核心配置类CI_Config来加载配置信息,而这里的get_config方法也能获得主要配置信息,注意是主要配置信息,在application/config目录下有很多其他的配置信息文件(前面在自定义配置变量时也说过CI将配置信息分为了很多文件),其中有一个config.php文件就是get_config能获取到的,这个文件存放的就是基本信息,如果你还想获取其他的配置信息,貌似就要用配置类了。所以如果想添加节本配置信息就在这个里边。
如果是第一次调用get_config方法,先声明静态变量$_config,如果已定义则直接返回它的索引为0的子数组。然后查看APPPATH/config/ENVIRONMENT/config.php文件是否存在(前面打印已知ENVIRONMENT常量值,未改动就是development,原始的框架中没有这个目录,所以这里加载的是application/config/config.php(只加载了这一个,其他的配置文件没有),可以打开看看config.php中定义了一个$config数组,一些基本定义如基础链接、链接后缀、编码、语言、缓存、日志、钩子等等。如果传入一个关联数组,它会将键-值(临时)加入$_config中。总之,get_config方法主要得到的是config.php中定义的数组变量。
与get_config相关的config_item方法则是得到这个数组变量中的某一项。
另一个比较重要的方法是load_class:
1 php 2 /** 3 * Class registry 4 * 5 * This function acts as a singleton. If the requested class does not 6 * exist it is instantiated and set to a static variable. If it has 7 * previously been instantiated the variable is returned. 8 * 9 * @access public 10 * @param string the class name being requested 11 * @param string the directory where the class should be found 12 * @param string the class name prefix 13 * @return object 14 */ 15 if ( ! function_exists('load_class')) 16 { 17 function &load_class($class, $directory = 'libraries', $prefix = 'CI_') 18 { 19 static $_classes = array(); 20 21 // Does the class exist? If so, we're done... 22 if (isset($_classes[$class])) 23 { 24 return $_classes[$class]; 25 } 26 27 $name = FALSE; 28 29 // Look for the class first in the local application/libraries folder 30 // then in the native system/libraries folder 31 foreach (array(APPPATH, BASEPATH) as $path) 32 { 33 if (file_exists($path.$directory.'/'.$class.'.php')) 34 { 35 $name = $prefix.$class; 36 37 if (class_exists($name) === FALSE) 38 { 39 require($path.$directory.'/'.$class.'.php'); 40 } 41 42 break; 43 } 44 } 45 46 // Is the request a class extension? If so we load it too 47 if (file_exists(APPPATH.$directory.'/'.config_item('subclass_prefix').$class.'.php')) 48 { 49 $name = config_item('subclass_prefix').$class; 50 51 if (class_exists($name) === FALSE) 52 { 53 require(APPPATH.$directory.'/'.config_item('subclass_prefix').$class.'.php'); 54 } 55 } 56 57 // Did we find the class? 58 if ($name === FALSE) 59 { 60 // Note: We use exit() rather then show_error() in order to avoid a 61 // self-referencing loop with the Excptions class 62 exit('Unable to locate the specified class: '.$class.'.php'); 63 } 64 65 // Keep track of what we just loaded 66 is_loaded($class); 67 68 $_classes[$class] = new $name(); 69 return $_classes[$class]; 70 } 71 }View Code
先看它的注释:这个方法作为一个单例,如果被请求的类没有出现过,则该类会被实例化为一个static variable,如果先前被实例化过则直接返回它。它的三个参数分别是请求的类名、所在目录,类名前缀。可以看到,目录默认是libraries,在application和system中均有它,它就是存放我们自定义的类库或者CI自带的类库的地方,就是自定义工具和CI提供的工具,如日历类、加密类、Ftp类、日志类、Session会话类、Email邮件收发类、JavaScript类、ZIP压缩类等等。或许你已经注意到这里返回的是引用而非值,就像它将加载的类作为静态变量一样,这些细节地方最终提高了整个系统的访问速度。
大致流程:先定义一个静态数组,若数组中已有该类直接返回。先后扫描APPPATH和BASEPATH(前面已知这俩常量值)文件夹下的$directory(默认值是libraries)目录下的$class.php文件是否存在,存在则加上CI的标准类前缀CI_(第三个参数的默认值),在检查类存在与否,存在则require该文件(从这里可知,class_exists()在判断类是否存在时并不需要先加载该类文件),一旦文件出现则加载它,并break跳出。注意扫描顺序,先APPPATH后BASEPATH,假如只传第一个参数类名,则优先在我们自己开发的application目录libraries中寻找,然后才去system目录的libraries下边。
由于我们可以对CI的核心类进行扩展(继承它们),所以在扫描完APPPATH和BASEPATH的核心类(名称以CI_为前缀)目录后,还要扫描APPPATH的libraries下边是否有自定义的扩展类(默认以MY_为前缀),有的话也要加载它们,然后实例化一个对应对象(有扩展类是扩展类)存入$_classes静态数组并返回该对象。
对Common.php有大致了解后回到CodeIgniter.php脚本。
54-66行:加载APPPATH.'config/constants.php'脚本,constants.php如同名字一样放的是framework constants,集中定义了一些常量,所以我们在添加常量时就可以放到这里边来定义。
68-78行:首先定义了一个自定义错误处理方法_exception_handler。判断php版本,非5.3关闭magic_quotes引用,这个配置在5.3版本已弃用,提高安全性。
80-99行:这里就是将前面说过的$assign_to_config自定义配置信息数组临时加到$_config数组中,通过get_config方法实现,前面说过$assign_to_config默认是没有定义的,这里的if语句也不会运行。
101-109行:设置自定义脚本最大执行时间为300秒(略长,跑日志的话得更长)
111-118行:加载核心类Benchmark,设置两个标记点。Benchmark基准测试类,就是测试某个开始标记到结束标记之间占用的内存大小、执行时间等信息,测试嘛,当然它要结合CI中一个叫分析器的东西使用。
120-132行:加载核心类Hooks,钩子,设置了一个系统开始执行的钩子(实际未执行,因为application/config/config.php关于它的配置信息默认设置为false,即不启用钩子)。它就就相当于一个触发器,在某个东西要执行前开始执行某些代码,比如控制器加载前、加载后等,一旦控制器加载就运行指定的代码。在这里,它尝试调用一个pre_system(系统执行前)的扩展,默认不执行。
134-145行:加载核心类Config,配置类,它用来加载其他需需要的配置信息,并且它再次加载$assign_to_config数组中配置信息如果该数组定义了的话。
147-159行:加载核心类Utf8,编码类。
161-166行:加载核心类URI,路由。
168-180行:加载核心类Router,路径处理类,_set_routing方法设置好访问路径。如果路径配置数组$routing(前面提到默认是注释掉的)定义了的话,将覆盖默认的路由配置。如果你输入了不存在的脚本路径,在这一步就停住,开始报404了,当然还得Router里边的方法处理。
Router类里面,URI作为它的一个成员存在,实际处理方法在URI类中,熟悉点的都知道CI的访问方式默认是段(segment)的形式,据说更有利于搜索引擎。一个简单的访问方式是这样的localhost/ci/index.php/Controller/Function/Arguments,它们将访问的形式解析为需要的控制器,调用的方法,以及提供的参数列表,当然也可启用传统的查询字符串形式。具体方法略复杂。
187行:加载核心类Output。
189-200行:通过Hooks类和Output类检测有无缓存,有的话直接输出缓存页面,跳出脚本了。这也是在CI的介绍中应用程序流程图部分,当路径处理完后,若有缓存直接输出的原因。
207行:加载核心类Security。
214行:加载核心类Input。
221行:加载核心类Lang,语言处理。
229-235行:加载核心类Controller,它是所有控制器的基类,而get_instance全局方法也能得到它的实例,Controller的牛逼之处在于,它将前面所有通过load_calss载入的libraries(默认)目录(APPPATH和BASEPATH)中的工具库全部实例化为对象,并作为它的属性成员。所以这里的get_instance方法得到的实例也被CI称为超对象(好像是这个名字),因为通过这个对象就可以获取所有通过前面加载的对象实例。
238-242行:加载自定义的,对上一步的核心类CI_Controller的扩展类的文件,默认就是MY_Controller,当然前提是如果你扩展了的的话。
243-251行:通过核心类Router的实例,提取当前访问的控制器所在的目录和类名,不存在则报错,存在则加载它,这里就加载了默认的welcome控制器文件。当然如果你自己定义了控制器类文件并访问,也是在这里被include进来的(通过Router类提取子目录$RTR->fetch_directory(),若存在,提取类名$RTR->fetch_class()来找),大概在246行的if语句块,就是检查这个类文件是否存在。
252行:设置一个基准测试结束标记,标记加载基本核心类结束(这些测试默认不会执行)。
256-292行:安全检查。先通过Router类取得类名和要执行的方法名,if条件检查3项内容。1. 上面的243-251行是找到了控制器对应的脚本,并且加载了它,但是假如这只是一个名字匹配的空脚本呢?里边什么都没写就不行了,于是要检查类的定义是否存在(class_exists),2. 以下划线_开头的方法名不能执行,直接报错,当然这是CI自己的的规则,也就是说无论你的类定义的以_开头的方法即使是公有访问属性也不行(除了一个_remap),3. 当类中的方法根控制器核心类中的方法同名时也不行。定义方法名时有个印象就行了。进入if中就很可能会404了。
298行:Hooks类尝试调用一个pre_controller(控制器执行前)的扩展,默认没有。
301-309行:基准测试类设置一个起点标记,目的在于测试控制器执行的时长(默认不显示测试信息),并且实例化前面加载的控制器类,默认的就是Welcome。
315行:Hooks尝试执行post_controller_constructor(所调用的控制器类构造完成后)的扩展,默认没有。
317-364行:开始调用指定的控制器类的指定方法(当然这里是默认控制器Welcome的默认方法index)。看看这个流程,首先一个if判断,如果你的控制器类中有方法_remap,只调用它了,所以前面说以下划线开头的方法除了_remap,这也是CI的一个类的方法的规则,有了这个重映射方法,只调它。默认的Welcome