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时间:2021-07-01 10:21:17 帮助过:5人阅读

PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解


  这篇文章主要介绍了PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解,本文分别讲解了Coutable接口、OuterIterator接口、RecursiveIterator接口、SeekableIterator接口、SplObserver和SplSubject接口等内容,需要的朋友可以参考下

  PHP SPL标准库总共有6个接口,如下:

  1.Countable

  2.OuterIterator

  3.RecursiveIterator

  4.SeekableIterator

  5.SplObserver

  6.SplSubject

  其中OuterIterator、RecursiveIterator、SeekableIterator都是继承Iterator类的,下面会对每种接口作用和使用进行详细说明。

  Coutable接口:

  实现Countable接口的对象可用于count()函数计数。

  代码如下:

  class Mycount implements Countable

  {

  public function count()

  {

  static $count = 0;

  $count++;

  return $count;

  }

  }

  $count = new Mycount();

  $count->count();

  $count->count();

  echo count($count); //3

  echo count($count); //4

  说明:

  调用count()函数时,Mycount::count()方法被调用

  count()函数的第二个参数将不会产生影响

  OuterIterator接口:

  自定义或修改迭代过程。

   代码如下:

  //IteratorIterator是OuterIterator的一个实现类

  class MyOuterIterator extends IteratorIterator {

  public function current()

  {

  return parent::current() . 'TEST';

  }

  }

  foreach(new MyOuterIterator(new ArrayIterator(['b','a','c'])) as $key => $value) {

  echo "$key->$value".PHP_EOL;

  }

  /*

  结果:

  0->bTEST

  1->aTEST

  2->cTEST

  */

  在实际运用中,OuterIterator极其有用:

   代码如下:

  $db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'root', 'mckee');

  $db->query('set names utf8');

  $pdoStatement = $db->query('SELECT * FROM test1', PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

  $iterator = new IteratorIterator($pdoStatement);

  $tenRecordArray = iterator_to_array($iterator);

  print_r($tenRecordArray);

  RecursiveIterator接口:

  用于循环迭代多层结构的数据,RecursiveIterator另外提供了两个方法:

  RecursiveIterator::getChildren 获取当前元素下子迭代器

  RecursiveIterator::hasChildren 判断当前元素下是否有迭代器

  代码如下:

  class MyRecursiveIterator implements RecursiveIterator

  {

  private $_data;

  private $_position = 0;

  public function __construct(array $data) {

  $this->_data = $data;

  }

  public function valid() {

  return isset($this->_data[$this->_position]);

  }

  public function hasChildren() {

  return is_array($this->_data[$this->_position]);

  }

  public function next() {

  $this->_position++;

  }

  public function current() {

  return $this->_data[$this->_position];

  }

  public function getChildren() {

  print_r($this->_data[$this->_position]);

  }

  public function rewind() {

  $this->_position = 0;

  }

  public function key() {

  return $this->_position;

  }

  }

  $arr = array(0, 1=> array(10, 20), 2, 3 => array(1, 2));

  $mri = new MyRecursiveIterator($arr);

  foreach ($mri as $c => $v) {

  if ($mri->hasChildren()) {

  echo "$c has children: " .PHP_EOL;

  $mri->getChildren();

  } else {

  echo "$v" .PHP_EOL;

  }

  }

  /*

  结果:

  0

  1 has children:

  Array

  (

  [0] => 10

  [1] => 20

  )

  2

  3 has children:

  Array

  (

  [0] => 1

  [1] => 2

  )

  */

  SeekableIterator接口:

  通过seek()方法实现可搜索的迭代器,用于搜索某个位置下的元素。

   代码如下:

  class MySeekableIterator implements SeekableIterator {

  private $position = 0;

  private $array = array(

  "first element" ,

  "second element" ,

  "third element" ,

  "fourth element"

  );

  public function seek ( $position ) {

  if (!isset( $this -> array [ $position ])) {

  throw new OutOfBoundsException ( "invalid seek position ( $position )" );

  }

  $this -> position = $position ;

  }

  public function rewind () {

  $this -> position = 0 ;

  }

  public function current () {

  return $this -> array [ $this -> position ];

  }

  public function key () {

  return $this -> position ;

  }

  public function next () {

  ++ $this -> position ;

  }

  public function valid () {

  return isset( $this -> array [ $this -> position ]);

  }

  }

  try {

  $it = new MySeekableIterator ;

  echo $it -> current (), "\n" ;

  $it -> seek ( 2 );

  echo $it -> current (), "\n" ;

  $it -> seek ( 1 );

  echo $it -> current (), "\n" ;

  $it -> seek ( 10 );

  } catch ( OutOfBoundsException $e ) {

  echo $e -> getMessage ();

  }

  /*

  结果:

  first element

  third element

  second element

  invalid seek position ( 10 )

  */

  SplObserver和SplSubject接口:

  SplObserver和SplSubject接口用来实现观察者设计模式,观察者设计模式是指当一个类的状态发生变化时,依赖它的对象都会收到通知并更新。使用场景非常广泛,比如说当一个事件发生后,需要更新多个逻辑操作,传统方式是在事件添加后编写逻辑,这种代码耦合并难以维护,观察者模式可实现低耦合的通知和更新机制。

  看看SplObserver和SplSubject的接口结构:

   代码如下:

  //SplSubject结构 被观察的对象

  interface SplSubject{

  public function attach(SplObserver $observer); //添加观察者

  public function detach(SplObserver $observer); //剔除观察者

  public function notify(); //通知观察者

  }

  //SplObserver结构 代表观察者

  interface SplObserver{

  public function update(SplSubject $subject); //更新操作

  }

  看下面一个实现观察者的例子:

   代码如下:

  class Subject implements SplSubject

  {

  private $observers = array();

  public function attach(SplObserver $observer)

  {

  $this->observers[] = $observer;

  }

  public function detach(SplObserver $observer)

  {

  if($index = array_search($observer, $this->observers, true)) {

  unset($this->observers[$index]);

  }

  }

  public function notify()

  {

  foreach($this->observers as $observer) {

  $observer->update($this);

  }

  }

  }

  class Observer1 implements SplObserver

  {

  public function update(SplSubject $subject)

  {

  echo "逻辑1代码".PHP_EOL;

  }

  }

  class Observer2 implements SplObserver

  {

  public function update(SplSubject $subject)

  {

  echo "逻辑2代码".PHP_EOL;

  }

  }

  $subject = new Subject();

  $subject->attach(new Observer1());

  $subject->attach(new Observer2());

  $subject->notify();

  /*

  结果:

  逻辑1代码

  逻辑2代码

  */

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