PHPv5.3新特性

1）_callStatic() magic 方法

classFoo
{
    publicstaticfunction__callStatic( $name, $args)
    {
        echo"Called method $name statically";
    } 
 
    publicfunction__call( $name, $args)
    {
        echo"Called method $name";
    }
}

Foo::dog();       
// outputs "Called method dog statically"
$foo= newFoo;
$foo->dog();      
// outputs "Called method dog"

2）动态调用函数

classDog
{
    publicfunctionbark()
    {
        echo"Woof!";
    }
} 
 
$class= "Dog"
$action= "bark";
$x= new$class(); 
// instantiates the class "Dog"
$x->$action();     
// outputs "Woof!" 

3) 标准PHP库（SPL）

加了了少数几个容器类，比如，栈（SplStack）和固定数组（SplFixedArray）

$stack= newSplStack(); 
 
// push a few new items on the stack
$stack->push("a");
$stack->push("b");
$stack->push("c"); 
 
// see how many items are on the stack
echocount($stack); 
// returns 3 
 
// iterate over the items in the stack
foreach( $stackas$item)
    echo"[$item],";
// the above outputs: 1
 
 [/c],[b],[a]  
// pop an item off the stack echo $stack->pop(); // returns "c"   // now see how many items are on the stack echo count($stack); // returns 2

4) Closures 功能

关于Closures，这是一个把函数定义成变量的玩意。让我们看几个例子：

示例一：

$string= "Hello World!";
$closure= function() use($string) { echo$string; };
 
$closure();

Output:
Hello World!
示例二 使用引用的变量

$x= 1
$closure= function() use(&$x) { ++$x; }
 
echo$x. "\\n";
$closure();
echo$x. "\\n";
$closure();
echo$x. "\\n";

Output:
1
2
3
示例三，返回值

functiongetAppender($baseString)
{
      returnfunction($appendString) use($baseString)
  { return$baseString.$appendString; };
}

示例四，Reflection

classCounter
{
      private$x;
 
      publicfunction__construct()
      {
           $this->x = 0;
      }
 
      publicfunctionincrement()
      {
           $this->x++;
      }
 
      publicfunctioncurrentValue()
      {
           echo$this->x . "\\n";
      }
}
$class= newReflectionClass("Counter");
$method= $class->getMethod("currentValue");
$closure= $method->getClosure()
$closure();
$class->increment();
$closure();

Output:
0
1
示例五，Reflection API

$closure= function($x, $y= 1) {};
$m= newReflectionMethod($closure);
Reflection::export ($m);
Output:
Method [  publicmethod __invoke ] {
  - Parameters [2] {
    Parameter #0 [  $x]
    Parameter #1 [  $y]
  }
}

示例六，Uses Case

$logdb= function($string) { Logger::log("debug","database",$string);};
$db= mysqli_connect("server","user","pass");
$logdb("Connected to database");
$db->query("insert into parts (part, description) values
 ("Hammer","Pounds nails");
$logdb("Insert Hammer into to parts table");
$db->query("insert into parts (part, description) values
       ("Drill","Puts holes in wood");
$logdb("Insert Drill into to parts table");
$db->query("insert into parts (part, description) values
 ("Saw","Cuts wood");
$logdb("Insert Saw into to parts table");

更为详细的文章，请参考这里，链接。

5) 使用namespace

新版的PHP会开始支持C++式的namespace，请参看示例：

示例一

/* Foo.php */
<?php
namespaceFoo;
functionbar()
{
    echo"calling bar....";
}
?> 
 
/* File1.php */
<?php
include"./Foo.php";
Foo/bar(); 
// outputs "calling bar....";
?> 
 
/* File2.php */
<?php
include"./Foo.php";
useFoo asns;
ns/bar(); 
// outputs "calling bar....";
?> 
 
/* File3.php */
<?php
include"./Foo.php";
useFoo;
bar(); 
// outputs "calling bar....";
?>

示例二，多重namespace

 <?php
namespaceFoo;
classTest {} 
 
namespaceBar;
classTest {} 
 
$a= newFoo\\Test;
$b= newBar\\Test; 
 
var_dump($a, $b); 
 
Output:
object(Foo\\Test)#1 (0) {
}
object(Bar\\Test)#2 (0) {
}
Output:
object(Foo\\Test)#1 (0) { }
object(Bar\\Test)#2 (0) { }

示例三，不同文件中的namespace

/*定义*/
/* global.php */
<?php
functionhello()
{
    echo"hello from the global scope!";
}
?> 
 
/* Foo.php */
<?php
namespaceFoo;
functionhello()
{
    echo"hello from the Foo namespace!";
}
?> 
 
/* Foo_Bar.php */
<?php
namespaceFoo/Bar;
functionhello()
{
    echo"hello from the Foo/Bar namespace!";
}
?>

 
/*使用 */
<?php
include"./global.php";
include"./Foo.php";
include"./Foo_Bar.php";
 
useFoo; 
 
hello();         
// outputs "hello from the Foo namespace!"
Bar\\hello();   
// outputs "hello from the Foo/Bar namespace!"
\\hello();       
// outputs "hello from the global scope!"
?>

更为详细的文章，请参考这里，链接。

6)开始支持Achieve包

正像JAR一样，PHP也要开始支持自己的Achieve包了，叫作，Phar。PHP提供了一整套函数来帮助开发人员创建和使用Phar，正如下面的示例所示：

创建：

$p= newPhar("/path/to/my.phar",
 CURRENT_AS_FILEINFO | KEY_AS_FILENAME, "my.phar");
$p->startBuffering();

创建文件存根（stub）

$p->setStub("");

加入文件：

$p["file.txt"] = "This is a text file";
$p["index.php"] = file_get_contents("index.php");
$p["big.txt"] = "This is a big text file";
$p["big.txt"]->setCompressedBZIP2();
//加入某目录下所有的文件
$p->buildFromDirectory("/path/to/files","./\\.php$/");

使用Phar

include"myphar.phar";
include"phar://myphar.phar/file.php";

更为详细的文章，请参考这里，链接。