ZendFramework教程之视图组件Zend_View用法详解_php实例

Zend_View是Zend Framework的视图组件，MVC中的视图层。 Zend_View也是应用的直接对用户展示的页面。这里介绍一下Zend_View的实现类，以及如何和Controller结合在一起的。

View的实现

Zend_View的实现主要是通过如下目录的类实现：

root@coder-671T-M:/library/Zend# tree | grep View.php
│ └── View/
├── View.php

root@coder-671T-M:/library/Zend/View# tree
.
├── Abstract.php
├── Exception.php
├── Helper
│ ├── Abstract.php
│ ├── Action.php
│ ├── BaseUrl.php
│ ├── Currency.php
│ ├── Cycle.php
│ ├── DeclareVars.php
│ ├── Doctype.php
│ ├── Fieldset.php
│ ├── FormButton.php
│ ├── FormCheckbox.php
│ ├── FormElement.php
│ ├── FormErrors.php
│ ├── FormFile.php
│ ├── FormHidden.php
│ ├── FormImage.php
│ ├── FormLabel.php
│ ├── FormMultiCheckbox.php
│ ├── FormNote.php
│ ├── FormPassword.php
│ ├── Form.php
│ ├── FormRadio.php
│ ├── FormReset.php
│ ├── FormSelect.php
│ ├── FormSubmit.php
│ ├── FormTextarea.php
│ ├── FormText.php
│ ├── Gravatar.php
│ ├── HeadLink.php
│ ├── HeadMeta.php
│ ├── HeadScript.php
│ ├── HeadStyle.php
│ ├── HeadTitle.php
│ ├── HtmlElement.php
│ ├── HtmlFlash.php
│ ├── HtmlList.php
│ ├── HtmlObject.php
│ ├── HtmlPage.php
│ ├── HtmlQuicktime.php
│ ├── InlineScript.php
│ ├── Interface.php
│ ├── Json.php
│ ├── Layout.php
│ ├── Navigation
│ │ ├── Breadcrumbs.php
│ │ ├── HelperAbstract.php
│ │ ├── Helper.php
│ │ ├── Links.php
│ │ ├── Menu.php
│ │ └── Sitemap.php
│ ├── Navigation.php
│ ├── PaginationControl.php
│ ├── Partial
│ │ └── Exception.php
│ ├── PartialLoop.php
│ ├── Partial.php
│ ├── Placeholder
│ │ ├── Container
│ │ │ ├── Abstract.php
│ │ │ ├── Exception.php
│ │ │ └── Standalone.php
│ │ ├── Container.php
│ │ ├── Registry
│ │ │ └── Exception.php
│ │ └── Registry.php
│ ├── Placeholder.php
│ ├── RenderToPlaceholder.php
│ ├── ServerUrl.php
│ ├── TinySrc.php
│ ├── Translate.php
│ ├── Url.php
│ └── UserAgent.php
├── Interface.php
└── Stream.php

6 directories, 70 files

Zend_View和Zend_Controller的整合

主要在Zend_Controller_Action类中,

/**
   * Initialize View object
   *
   * Initializes {@link $view} if not otherwise a Zend_View_Interface.
   *
   * If {@link $view} is not otherwise set, instantiates a new Zend_View
   * object, using the 'views' subdirectory at the same level as the
   * controller directory for the current module as the base directory.
   * It uses this to set the following:
   * - script path = views/scripts/
   * - helper path = views/helpers/
   * - filter path = views/filters/
   *
   * @return Zend_View_Interface
   * @throws Zend_Controller_Exception if base view directory does not exist
   */
  public function initView()
  {
    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {
      return $this->view;
    }
    require_once 'Zend/View/Interface.php';
    if (isset($this->view) && ($this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface)) {
      return $this->view;
    }
    $request = $this->getRequest();
    $module = $request->getModuleName();
    $dirs  = $this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory();
    if (empty($module) || !isset($dirs[$module])) {
      $module = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule();
    }
    $baseDir = dirname($dirs[$module]) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'views';
    if (!file_exists($baseDir) || !is_dir($baseDir)) {
      require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';
      throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Missing base view directory ("' . $baseDir . '")');
    }
    require_once 'Zend/View.php';
    $this->view = new Zend_View(array('basePath' => $baseDir));
    return $this->view;
  }
  /**
   * Render a view
   *
   * Renders a view. By default, views are found in the view script path as
   * /.phtml. You may change the script suffix by
   * resetting {@link $viewSuffix}. You may omit the controller directory
   * prefix by specifying boolean true for $noController.
   *
   * By default, the rendered contents are appended to the response. You may
   * specify the named body content segment to set by specifying a $name.
   *
   * @see Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract::appendBody()
   * @param string|null $action Defaults to action registered in request object
   * @param string|null $name Response object named path segment to use; defaults to null
   * @param bool $noController Defaults to false; i.e. use controller name as subdir in which to search for view script
   * @return void
   */
  public function render($action = null, $name = null, $noController = false)
  {
    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {
      return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->render($action, $name, $noController);
    }
    $view  = $this->initView();
    $script = $this->getViewScript($action, $noController);
    $this->getResponse()->appendBody(
      $view->render($script),
      $name
    );
  }
  /**
   * Render a given view script
   *
   * Similar to {@link render()}, this method renders a view script. Unlike render(),
   * however, it does not autodetermine the view script via {@link getViewScript()},
   * but instead renders the script passed to it. Use this if you know the
   * exact view script name and path you wish to use, or if using paths that do not
   * conform to the spec defined with getViewScript().
   *
   * By default, the rendered contents are appended to the response. You may
   * specify the named body content segment to set by specifying a $name.
   *
   * @param string $script
   * @param string $name
   * @return void
   */
  public function renderScript($script, $name = null)
  {
    if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {
      return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript($script, $name);
    }
    $view = $this->initView();
    $this->getResponse()->appendBody(
      $view->render($script),
      $name
    );
  }

Zend_View.php类

<?php
/**
 * Zend Framework
 *
 * LICENSE
 *
 * This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled
 * with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.
 * It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
 * http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd
 * If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to
 * obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email
 * to license@zend.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
 *
 * @category  Zend
 * @package  Zend_View
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2011 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @license  http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd   New BSD License
 * @version  $Id: View.php 23775 2011-03-01 17:25:24Z ralph $
 */
/**
 * Abstract master class for extension.
 */
require_once 'Zend/View/Abstract.php';
/**
 * Concrete class for handling view scripts.
 *
 * @category  Zend
 * @package  Zend_View
 * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2011 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com)
 * @license  http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd   New BSD License
 */
class Zend_View extends Zend_View_Abstract
{
  /**
   * Whether or not to use streams to mimic short tags
   * @var bool
   */
  private $_useViewStream = false;
  /**
   * Whether or not to use stream wrapper if short_open_tag is false
   * @var bool
   */
  private $_useStreamWrapper = false;
  /**
   * Constructor
   *
   * Register Zend_View_Stream stream wrapper if short tags are disabled.
   *
   * @param array $config
   * @return void
   */
  public function __construct($config = array())
  {
    $this->_useViewStream = (bool) ini_get('short_open_tag') ? false : true;
    if ($this->_useViewStream) {
      if (!in_array('zend.view', stream_get_wrappers())) {
        require_once 'Zend/View/Stream.php';
        stream_wrapper_register('zend.view', 'Zend_View_Stream');
      }
    }
    if (array_key_exists('useStreamWrapper', $config)) {
      $this->setUseStreamWrapper($config['useStreamWrapper']);
    }
    parent::__construct($config);
  }
  /**
   * Set flag indicating if stream wrapper should be used if short_open_tag is off
   *
   * @param bool $flag
   * @return Zend_View
   */
  public function setUseStreamWrapper($flag)
  {
    $this->_useStreamWrapper = (bool) $flag;
    return $this;
  }
  /**
   * Should the stream wrapper be used if short_open_tag is off?
   *
   * @return bool
   */
  public function useStreamWrapper()
  {
    return $this->_useStreamWrapper;
  }
  /**
   * Includes the view script in a scope with only public $this variables.
   *
   * @param string The view script to execute.
   */
  protected function _run()
  {
    if ($this->_useViewStream && $this->useStreamWrapper()) {
      include 'zend.view://' . func_get_arg(0);
    } else {
      include func_get_arg(0);
    }
  }
}

默认情况会自动通过Controller会通过render方法来实例化Zend_View, 然后rener到对应的视图文件中。当然可以自己实例化Zend_View，然后使用。

action默认指向的文件是和action的名称相同，如果要指定视图文件，可以通过$this->render的相关方法指定.也可以通过addScriptPath和setScriptPath设置视图文件的目录。

例如

$view = new Zend_View();
$view->addScriptPath('/www/app/myviews');
$view->addScriptPath('/www/app/viewscomm');
// 如果调用 $view->render('example.php'), Zend_View 将
// 首先查找 "/www/app/myviews/example.php", 找不到再找"/www/app/viewscomm/example.php", 如果还找不到，最后查找当前目录下/的"example.php".

Zend_View的常用方法

public function __construct($config = array())

构造函数参数

例如

array(
 'escape' => array(),
 'encoding' => array(),
);

常见key：

escape、encoding、basePath、basePathPrefix、scriptPath、helperPath、 helperPathPrefix、filterPath、filterPathPrefix、filter
public function getEngine() Return the template engine object

public function init()初始化函数

/**
* Given a base path, sets the script, helper, and filter paths relative to it
*
* Assumes a directory structure of:
* 
* basePath/
*   scripts/
*   helpers/
*   filters/
* 
*
* @param string $path
* @param string $prefix Prefix to use for helper and filter paths
* @return Zend_View_Abstract
*/
public function setBasePath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View')
/**
* Given a base path, add script, helper, and filter paths relative to it
*
* Assumes a directory structure of:
* 
* basePath/
*   scripts/
*   helpers/
*   filters/
* 
*
* @param string $path
* @param string $prefix Prefix to use for helper and filter paths
* @return Zend_View_Abstract
*/
public function addBasePath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View')
public function addScriptPath($path)Adds to the stack of view script paths in LIFO order.
public function setScriptPath($path) Resets the stack of view script paths.
public function getScriptPath($name)Return full path to a view script specified by $name
public function getScriptPaths()Returns an array of all currently set script paths
public function addHelperPath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View_Helper_')Adds to the stack of helper paths in LIFO order.
public function setHelperPath($path, $classPrefix = 'Zend_View_Helper_')Resets the stack of helper paths.
public function getHelperPath($name) Get full path to a helper class file specified by $name
public function getHelperPaths()Returns an array of all currently set helper paths
public function getHelper($name) Get a helper by name
public function getHelpers()Get array of all active helpers
public function getAllPaths() Return associative array of path types => paths
public function setEscape($spec)
/**
* Assigns variables to the view script via differing strategies.
*
* Zend_View::assign('name', $value) assigns a variable called 'name'
* with the corresponding $value.
*
* Zend_View::assign($array) assigns the array keys as variable
* names (with the corresponding array values).
*
* @see  __set()
* @param string|array The assignment strategy to use.
* @param mixed (Optional) If assigning a named variable, use this
* as the value.
* @return Zend_View_Abstract Fluent interface
* @throws Zend_View_Exception if $spec is neither a string nor an array,
* or if an attempt to set a private or protected member is detected
*/
public function assign($spec, $value = null)

在controller的action可以通过assign传递参数到视图脚本。

例如

$this->view->assign('roles', $roles);
$this->view->assign('num', $num);
$this->view->assign('a', $a);

或者也可以用

$this->view->roles=$roles;
$this->view->a=$a;
public function render($name) Processes a view script and returns the output.
public function escape($var):Escapes a value for output in a view script.
public function setEncoding($encoding) Set encoding to use with htmlentities() and htmlspecialchars()
public function getEncoding() :Return current escape encoding

视图脚本文件中的常见用法：

获取传递过来的值

$this->roles

使用一些常见的助手方法：

$this->baseUrl();
$this->url();
$this->paginationControl();
$this->partial()

视图常见用法举例

在bootstrap初始化view或者controller的init文件中

/**
 * Initialize the common view helper
 */
protected function _initViewHelper()
{
  $boot=$this->bootstrap('View');
  $view = $boot->getResource('View');
        $view->setHelperPath('Sql/View/Helper', 'Sql_View_Helper');
}

action中

/**
 *
 * @return void
 */
public function listAction()
{
  $this->view->assign('data', $data);
}

视图文件

list.phtml

<?php foreach ($this->data as $item) : ?>

    <?php echo($item->item1);?>

<?php endforeach; ?>

更多关于zend相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题：《Zend FrameWork框架入门教程》、《php优秀开发框架总结》、《Yii框架入门及常用技巧总结》、《ThinkPHP入门教程》、《php面向对象程序设计入门教程》、《php+mysql数据库操作入门教程》及《php常见数据库操作技巧汇总》

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