使用canvas进行图像编辑的实例

前面的话

本文将分为几个小功能的形式来详细介绍canvas图像编辑

缩放

下面是一张分析图，假设默认情况下，图片和canvas宽高相同。图片的缩放(scale)范围为0.5到3，缩放时改变的是图片的大小和图片的坐标位置

W(宽) = canvas.width * scale
H(高) = canvas.height * scale
x坐标 = (W - canvas.width)/2;
y坐标 = (H - canvas.height)/2;

因此，代码如下

<canvas id="drawing" >
  <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p>
</canvas>
<br>
<input id="scale-range" min="0.5" max="1.5" step="0.01" type="range" >
<script>
var drawing = document.getElementById('drawing');
if(drawing.getContext){
 var context = drawing.getContext('2d');
 var slider = document.getElementById('scale-range');
 var W = 400;
 var H = 290; 
 drawing.width = W; 
 drawing.height = H;
 var image = new Image();
 image.src="http://sandbox.runjs.cn/uploads/rs/26/ddzmgynp/chunfen.jpg";
 image.onload = function(){
  drawImgByScale(slider.value);
  slider.onmousemove = function(){
   drawImgByScale(slider.value);
  }
 }
 function drawImgByScale(scale){
  var imgW = W * scale;
  var imgH = H * scale;
  var dx =(W - imgW)/2;
  var dy =(H - imgH)/2;
  context.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
  context.drawImage(image,dx,dy,imgW,imgH);
 }
} 
</script>

水印

利用canvas可以实现向图片添加水印的功能，先通过file控件的reader选择图片，然后使用canvas添加图片及水印，并且使用toDataURL()和a标签实现添加水印后的图片的下载功能

<canvas id="drawing" >
  <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p>
</canvas>
<div>
 <span>
  <input type="file" id="addImgHelper" >
  <button id="addImg">选择图片</button>
 </span>
 <span>
  <button id="addWaterMark" disabled>添加水印</button> 
  <span>水印文字为</span>
  <input id="waterMarkWords" type="text" value="小火柴的蓝色理想">   
 </span>
 <span>
  <button id="downloadImg" disabled>下载图片</button>
  <a id="downloadImgHelper" href="#" rel="external nofollow" download="带水印图片" ></a>  
 </span>
</div>
<script>
if(drawing.getContext){
 var cxt = drawing.getContext('2d');
 var W,H; 
 addImg.onclick = function(){
  addImgHelper.click();
 }
 addImgHelper.onchange = function(){
  addWaterMark.disabled = true;
  downloadImg.disabled = true;
  var file = addImgHelper.files[0];
  if(file && /image/.test(file.type)){
   var reader = new FileReader();
   reader.readAsDataURL(file);
   reader.onload = function(){
    var img = new Image();
    img.src= reader.result;
    img.onload = function(){
     addWaterMark.disabled = false;
     drawing.width = W = img.width;
     drawing.height = H = img.height;
     cxt.drawImage(img,0,0);
     addWaterMark.onclick = function(){
       downloadImg.disabled = false;
       cxt.clearRect(0,0,W,H);
       cxt.drawImage(img,0,0);  
       var str = waterMarkWords.value;
       cxt.font = "bold 50px Arial";
       cxt.lineWidth = '1';
       cxt.fillStyle = 'rgba(255,255,255,0.5)';
       cxt.textBaseline = "bottom";
       cxt.textAlign = 'end';
       cxt.fillText(str,W-10,H-10,W/2);  
       downloadImg.onclick = function(){
        downloadImgHelper.href = drawing.toDataURL('image/png');
        downloadImgHelper.click();    
       }  
     } 
    }
   }   
  }      
 }        
}
</script>

放大镜

下面来实现一个放大镜的效果，鼠标按下并移动时，显示当前图片区域的放大效果，抬起后效果消失。放大镜效果主要使用离屏canvas的技术，离屏canvas放置的是图片的放大版，而普通canvas则放置图片的正常版

<canvas id="drawing" >
  <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p>
</canvas>
<canvas id="drawingOff" >
  <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p>
</canvas>
<script>
if(drawing.getContext){
 var cxt = drawing.getContext('2d');
 var cxtOff = drawingOff.getContext('2d');
 var W,H; 
 var scale = 1.5; 
 var img = new Image();
 img.src="http://sandbox.runjs.cn/uploads/rs/26/ddzmgynp/chunfen.jpg";
 img.onload = function(){
  W = img.width;
  H = img.height;
  drawing.width = W/scale;
  drawing.height = H/scale;
  drawingOff.width = W;
  drawingOff.height = H;
  cxt.drawImage(img,0,0,W/scale,H/scale);
  cxtOff.drawImage(img,0,0);
  drawing.onmousedown = function(e){
   e = e || event;
   var x0 = this.offsetLeft;
   var y0 = this.offsetTop; 
   drawMagnifier(e);
   drawing.onmousemove = function(e){
    drawMagnifier(e);
   }
   document.onmouseup = function(e){
    cxt.clearRect(0,0,W/scale,H/scale);
    cxt.drawImage(img,0,0,W/scale,H/scale);
    drawing.onmousemove = null;
   }    
   function drawMagnifier(e){
    cxt.clearRect(0,0,W/scale,H/scale);
    cxt.drawImage(img,0,0,W/scale,H/scale);
    var x = (e.clientX-x0);
    var y = (e.clientY-y0);    
    var r = 40;
    var dx = x - r;
    var dy = y - r;
    var sx = x*scale - r;
    var sy = y*scale - r;
    cxt.save();
    cxt.beginPath();
    cxt.arc(x,y,r,0,Math.PI*2);
    cxt.lineWidth = 4;
    cxt.strokeStyle = '#069';
    cxt.stroke();
    cxt.clip();
    cxt.drawImage(drawingOff,sx,sy,2*r,2*r,dx,dy,2*r,2*r);
    cxt.restore();     
   }
  }
 } 
}
</script>

滤镜

下面利用canvas的getImageData()方法，获取原始图像数据，通过对图像数据进行修改，然后输出修改后的图像数据

<canvas id="drawing1" >
  <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p>
</canvas>
<canvas id="drawing2" >
  <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p>
</canvas>
<br>
<button id="noGreen">无绿色</button>
<button id="noBlue">无蓝色</button>
<button id="toGrey">灰度</button>
<button id="toBlackWhite">黑白</button>
<button id="reverse">反色</button>
<script>
if(drawing1.getContext){
 var cxt1 = drawing1.getContext('2d');
 var cxt2 = drawing2.getContext('2d');
 var img = new Image();
 img.src="chunfen.jpg";
 img.onload = function(){
  cxt1.drawImage(img,0,0);
  function filter(fn){
   var imageData = cxt1.getImageData(0,0,img.width,img.height); 
   cxt2.clearRect(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height); 
   var data = imageData.data;
   for(var i = 0, len = data.length; i < len; i+=4){
    fn(data,i)
   }
   imageData.data = data;
   cxt2.putImageData(imageData,0,0); 
  }
  function fnNoGreen(data,i){
   data[i+1] = 0;
  }
  function fnNoBlue(data,i){
   data[i+2] = 0;
  } 
  function fnReverse(data,i){
   var red = data[i];
   var green = data[i+1];
   var blue = data[i+2];
   var alpha = data[i+3];
   data[i] = 255 - red;
   data[i+1] = 255 - green;
   data[i+2] = 255 - blue;
  }    
  function fnToGrey(data,i){
   var red = data[i];
   var green = data[i+1];
   var blue = data[i+2];
   var alpha = data[i+3];
   var average = Math.floor((red+green+blue)/3);
   data[i] = data[i+1] = data[i+2] = average;   
  }  
  function fnToBlackWhite(data,i){
   var red = data[i];
   var green = data[i+1];
   var blue = data[i+2];
   var alpha = data[i+3];
   var average = Math.floor((red+green+blue)/3);
   if(average > 255/2){
    var result = 255;
   }else{
    var result = 0;
   }
   data[i] = data[i+1] = data[i+2] = result;    
  }
  toGrey.onclick = function(){
   filter(fnToGrey);
  }
  noGreen.onclick = function(){
   filter(fnNoGreen);
  } 
  noBlue.onclick = function(){
   filter(fnNoBlue);
  } 
  toBlackWhite.onclick = function(){
   filter(fnToBlackWhite);
  }
  reverse.onclick = function(){
   filter(fnReverse);
  } 
 }
}
</script>

马赛克效果

【普通模糊效果】

普通模糊效果不仅需要使用当前像素点，还需要使用周围的像素点，并把这些像素点都赋予平均值

function fnToBlur(n){
   cxt2.clearRect(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height); 
   var imageData = cxt1.getImageData(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height); 
   var tempImageData = imageData;
   var data = imageData.data;
   var tempData = tempImageData.data;
   var blurR = n;
   var totalnum = (2*blurR + 1)*(2*blurR + 1);
   for(var i = blurR; i < drawing2.height - blurR; i++){
    for(var j = blurR; j < drawing2.width - blurR; j++){
     var totalr = 0, totalg = 0, totalb = 0;
     for(var dx = -blurR; dx <= blurR; dx++){
      for(var dy = -blurR; dy <= blurR; dy++){
       var x = i + dx;
       var y = j + dy;
       var p = x*drawing2.width + y;
       totalr += tempData[p*4+0];
       totalg += tempData[p*4+1];
       totalb += tempData[p*4+2];
      }
     }
     var p = i*drawing2.width + j;
     data[p*4+0] = totalr / totalnum;
     data[p*4+1] = totalg / totalnum;
     data[p*4+2] = totalb / totalnum;
    }
   }
   imageData.data = data;
   cxt2.putImageData(imageData,0,0); 
  }

【马赛克效果】

马赛克效果则是把一块区域的值，全部都赋予平均值

function fnToMosaic(n){
   cxt2.clearRect(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height); 
   var imageData = cxt1.getImageData(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height); 
   var tempImageData = imageData;
   var data = imageData.data;
   var tempData = tempImageData.data;
   var size = n;
   var totalnum = size*size;
   for(var i = 0; i < drawing2.height; i+=size){
    for(var j = 0; j < drawing2.width; j+=size){
     var totalr = 0, totalg = 0, totalb = 0;
     for(var dx = 0; dx < size; dx++){
      for(var dy = 0; dy < size; dy++){
       var x = i + dx;
       var y = j + dy;
       var p = x*drawing2.width + y;
       totalr += tempData[p*4+0];
       totalg += tempData[p*4+1];
       totalb += tempData[p*4+2];
      }
     }
     var p = i*drawing2.width + j;
     var resr = totalr / totalnum;
     var resg = totalg / totalnum;
     var resb = totalb / totalnum;
     for(var dx = 0; dx < size; dx++){
      for(var dy = 0; dy < size; dy++){
       var x = i + dx;
       var y = j + dy;
       var p = x*drawing2.width + y;
       data[p*4+0]= resr;
       data[p*4+1]= resg;
       data[p*4+2]= resb;
      }
     }
    }
   }
   imageData.data = data;
   cxt2.putImageData(imageData,0,0); 
  }

下面是一个实例

<canvas id="drawing1" >
  <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p>
</canvas>
<canvas id="drawing2" >
  <p>The canvas element is not supported!</p>
</canvas>
<br>
<button id="toLightBlur">轻度模糊</button>
<button id="toHeavyBlur">重度模糊</button>
<button id="toLightMosaic">轻度马赛克</button>
<button id="toHeavyMosaic">重度马赛克</button>
<script>
if(drawing1.getContext){
 var cxt1 = drawing1.getContext('2d');
 var cxt2 = drawing2.getContext('2d');
 var img = new Image();
 img.src="chunfen.jpg";
 img.onload = function(){
  cxt1.drawImage(img,0,0);
  toLightBlur.onclick = function(){
   fnToBlur(1);
  }
  toHeavyBlur.onclick = function(){
   fnToBlur(3);
  }  
  toLightMosaic.onclick = function(){
   fnToMosaic(4);
  } 
  toHeavyMosaic.onclick = function(){
   fnToMosaic(9);
  }   
  function fnToBlur(n){
   cxt2.clearRect(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height); 
   var imageData = cxt1.getImageData(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height); 
   var tempImageData = imageData;
   var data = imageData.data;
   var tempData = tempImageData.data;
   var blurR = n;
   var totalnum = (2*blurR + 1)*(2*blurR + 1);
   for(var i = blurR; i < drawing2.height - blurR; i++){
    for(var j = blurR; j < drawing2.width - blurR; j++){
     var totalr = 0, totalg = 0, totalb = 0;
     for(var dx = -blurR; dx <= blurR; dx++){
      for(var dy = -blurR; dy <= blurR; dy++){
       var x = i + dx;
       var y = j + dy;
       var p = x*drawing2.width + y;
       totalr += tempData[p*4+0];
       totalg += tempData[p*4+1];
       totalb += tempData[p*4+2];
      }
     }
     var p = i*drawing2.width + j;
     data[p*4+0] = totalr / totalnum;
     data[p*4+1] = totalg / totalnum;
     data[p*4+2] = totalb / totalnum;
    }
   }
   imageData.data = data;
   cxt2.putImageData(imageData,0,0); 
  }
  function fnToMosaic(n){
   cxt2.clearRect(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height); 
   var imageData = cxt1.getImageData(0,0,drawing2.width,drawing2.height); 
   var tempImageData = imageData;
   var data = imageData.data;
   var tempData = tempImageData.data;
   var size = n;
   var totalnum = size*size;
   for(var i = 0; i < drawing2.height; i+=size){
    for(var j = 0; j < drawing2.width; j+=size){
     var totalr = 0, totalg = 0, totalb = 0;
     for(var dx = 0; dx < size; dx++){
      for(var dy = 0; dy < size; dy++){
       var x = i + dx;
       var y = j + dy;
       var p = x*drawing2.width + y;
       totalr += tempData[p*4+0];
       totalg += tempData[p*4+1];
       totalb += tempData[p*4+2];
      }
     }
     var p = i*drawing2.width + j;
     var resr = totalr / totalnum;
     var resg = totalg / totalnum;
     var resb = totalb / totalnum;
     for(var dx = 0; dx < size; dx++){
      for(var dy = 0; dy < size; dy++){
       var x = i + dx;
       var y = j + dy;
       var p = x*drawing2.width + y;
       data[p*4+0]= resr;
       data[p*4+1]= resg;
       data[p*4+2]= resb;
      }
     }
    }
   }
   imageData.data = data;
   cxt2.putImageData(imageData,0,0); 
  }  
 }
}
</script>

以上这篇使用canvas进行图像编辑的实例就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。